1、Designation: D 4325 08An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forNonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically InsulatingRubber Tapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 The
3、se test methods cover the methods and proceduresfor testing electrically insulating and semi-nonmetallic con-ducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, andsheath repair of electrical wire and cable.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:SectionReferenced Documents 2Condi
4、tioning 5-6Dielectric Strength 35-40Dimensions 11-16Dissipation Factor 22-26Elongation 17-21Heat Exposure 46-49Fusion 7-10Ozone Resistance 41-45Permittivity 22-26Sample Requirements 4Tensile Strength 17-21Volume Resistivity 27-34Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance 50-541.3 The values stated in SI uni
5、ts are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1There is no IEC equivalent to these methods.1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made ontapes from
6、which the removable separator has been removed.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
7、latory limitations prior to use. For specificprecaution statements see 43.1.1.6 This is a fire-test response standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power Frequ
8、enciesD 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubb
9、er and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 470 Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jacketsfor Wire and CableD 750 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Using Artifi-cial Weathering ApparatusD 4388 Specification for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting andElectrically Insulating Rubber TapesD 4496 Test
10、Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance ofModerately Conductive MaterialsE 591 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Ozone33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09
11、onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4325 02.2For referenc
12、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stand
13、ard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 fusion, nthat property of rubber tape which causesadjacent layers of tape to become bonded (amalgamated) oradhered together when the tape is stretched and wound uponitself in l
14、ayers.SAMPLING4. Sample and Specimen Requirements4.1 Unless otherwise required by the detailed product speci-fications, take the rubber tapes at random from each shipmentas follows:Number of Rollsin ShipmentNumber of SampleRolls50 to 200 2201 to 500 3501 to 1000 41001 to 5000 54.2 For shipments in e
15、xcess of 5000 rolls, take one addi-tional roll for each additional 1000 rolls or fraction thereof.4.3 A shipment consists of material shipped or intended forshipment to a customer and covered by one bill of lading.4.4 Test each sample roll in conformance to all requirementsof the specification.4.5 A
16、ll test methods in this standard are intended to producea single value for a single roll. Any reference to averaging ofmeasurements refers to test averaging on a single roll and notto the average of all sample rolls.4.6 Remove and discard at least 610 mm (24 in.) of the outerlayer of each roll befor
17、e taking test specimens.4.7 Remove the test specimen from the roll at a slow,uniform rate without jerking.CONDITIONING5. Significance and Use5.1 The physical and electrical properties, including breakstrength, elongation, dielectric strength, dissipation factor,permittivity, fusion, etc., will vary
18、with temperature andmoisture content. Control the temperature and moisture contentof the sample for these test methods to yield consistent andreproducible results.6. Procedure6.1 For referee purposes, subject the rolls to standardatmospheric conditions of 23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) and 50 62 % relative
19、 humidity for a minimum period of 16 h beforespecimens are removed for test.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, condition all test specimensfor a period of 1 h and conduct the tests in a standard laboratoryatmosphere at 23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) and 50 6 2 % relativehumidity.FUSION7. Significance and Use7
20、.1 Fusion is responsible for holding the tape in place toform a permanent compressive force about a conductor orinsulator in actual application.8. Apparatus8.1 Winding FixtureThe winding fixture is designed tohold a metal rod at each end and is fitted with a crank or otherdevice to rotate the rod so
21、 that the specimen may be woundthereon. Attach the fixture to a rigid support with the rod heldin a horizontal position.8.2 RodsAny suitable metal of 3-mm (0.125-in.) diameterand a minimum of 229 mm (9.0 in.) in length.8.3 Rule, graduated in inches, 762-mm (30-in.) minimumlength.8.4 Rule, graduated
22、in 0.4 mm (164 in.).8.5 Razor Blades.8.6 Board, with 3-mm (0.125-in.) diameter holes spacedabout 50 mm (2 in.) apart on its surface to provide a base forsupporting the rods in a near-vertical position.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare three specimens by cutting three strips of tape280 mm (11 in.) in length fr
23、om the sample roll selected andconditioned in accordance with Sections 4-6. Prepare and windspecimens in a manner that prevents oils or other contaminantsfrom getting on the bonding surface of the tape.9.2 Mount the rod horizontally in the winding fixture.9.3 Attach the strip of tape near one end of
24、 the rod bywinding the strip upon itself using 25 mm (1 in.) of the tape.Place the 762-mm (30-in.) rule next to the 254-mm (10-in.)tape strip. Stretch the tape strip to the desired length corre-sponding to percent elongation as specified in the productspecification (Specification D 4388, Table 1).9.
25、4 Move the tape to the proper angle and rotate the rod sothat the tape is wrapped on the rod with a one-half lap for alength of 178 mm (7.0 in.). Maintain enough hand pressure atthe end of the tape strip as it is wound around the mandrel toensure that it does not retract from its original elongation
26、during the winding process. Care must be taken to avoid usingso much hand pressure as to further stretch the tape as it iswound.9.5 Change the angle of the tape and repeat the procedure in9.4 winding back toward the start of the first wrap so that thesecond one-half overlap wrap is wound over the fi
27、rst wrap toprovide a four layer build-up of tape.9.6 After the final wrap, maintain constant pressure on thetape strip and score the tape with a new razor blade at the topof the rod, parallel to the rod. Break the tape on the score line,removing the tab. Remove the test specimen from the fixtureand
28、roll the specimen so formed between the palm of the handsfor 5 to 10 s, being sure to roll up or down the entire length ofthe specimen. This completes the preparation of the testspecimen.9.7 Insert the wrapped specimen in the holes in the base ofthe board and allow them to condition at 23.0 6 2 C (7
29、3.4 63.6 F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for 24 h. At the end ofthis period, if there is any flagging (end-lifting) of the tape,measure the length of the flag to the nearest 0.4 mm (164 in.),taking care not to cause additional unwrapping in the measur-ing operation Record the maximum, minimum and
30、averagelength of the flag.D432508210. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the tape tested, and10.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirements outlinedin the product specification (see Specification D 4388).DIMENSIONSLENGTH, WIDTH, ANDTHICKNESS11. Significance and U
31、se11.1 Measurements of length, width, and thickness arenecessary to ensure a customer is receiving the correct quantityof tape. The thickness measurement is of particular value incontrolling uniformity and providing design criteria, as well asbeing used in the measurement of physical and electricalp
32、roperties.12. Apparatus12.1 Steel Rule, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.4 mm(164 in.).12.2 Thickness GageA dead weight dial micrometer asprescribed in Method C of Test Methods D 374, with thefollowing modifications:12.2.1 A micrometer with graduations to 0.01 mm (0.001in).12.2.2 A micrometer w
33、ith a presser foot 6.35 6 0.25 mm(0.25 6 0.01 in.) in diameter exerting a total force of 2.50 60.03 N (10.0 6 0.1 oz) force.12.2.3 Calibrate the gage for the actual load exerted by thepresser foot.13. Test Specimen13.1 Select and condition the tape and specimen in accor-dance with Sections 4-6.14. P
34、rocedure14.1 Length DeterminationUnwind the tape and separatorfrom the roll, place it on a hard smooth surface, and measurethe length to the nearest 0.4 mm (164 in.).14.2 ThicknessPlace the insulation surface against theanvil of the gage with the separator side up holding the samplein a manner such
35、that it is smooth, yet not under tension. Lowerthe presser foot onto the tape in accordance with Test MethodsD 374, allowing it to rest upon the tape for 2 s, and observe thereading on the dial. Take five measurements uniformly distrib-uted over the length of the tape specimen. Report the averagethi
36、ckness to the nearest 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.).14.3 WidthPlace the test specimen, after conditioning, ona hard smooth surface. Measure the width perpendicular to theedge with the steel scale to the nearest 0.40 mm (164 in.).15. Report15.1 Report the following information:15.1.1 Identification of the ta
37、pe tested, and15.1.2 Report the thickness, length, and width measured inaccordance with the procedures outlined above.16. Precision and Bias16.1 PrecisionThis test method has been in use for manyyears, but no information has been presented to ASTMInternational upon which to base a statement of preci
38、sion. Noactivity has been planned to develop such information.16.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valuesare determined solely in terms of this test method itself.TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION17. Significance and Use17.1 The tensile strength of the tape is an important measureof unifo
39、rmity, quality, and ability to withstand stress in service.17.2 The elongation of a tape is important as a measure ofuniformity and quality and provides a rough indication of howmuch a workman may stretch the tape in use for splicing,terminating, and repairing of wires and cables.18. Test Specimen18
40、.1 The test sample consists of a single layer of tape that isapproximately 610 mm (24 in.) long, with the removableseparator removed. Select and condition in accordance withSections 4-6.19. Procedure19.1 Perform the tests for tensile strength and elongation inaccordance with Test Methods D 412, with
41、 the followingexceptions:19.1.1 Cut five test specimens from a single ply of tape(rubber and separator) that is free from visible defects using theASTM standard die, as shown in Fig. 1 (Die A) of TestMethods D 412, except that the ends of the specimen cut froma 19-mm (0.75-in.) tape need not be full
42、 width. Place benchmarks on the specimens as directed in Test Methods D 412.19.1.2 Measure the thickness in accordance with 14.2,removing the separator where it is not an integral part of thetape. Record the appropriate thickness.19.1.3 Where jaw breaks occur, discard the results andretest.20. Repor
43、t20.1 Report the following information:20.1.1 Average breaking strength expressed in MPa (psi),and20.1.2 Average percent elongation.21. Precision and Bias21.1 See precision and bias statements of Test MethodsD 412 for general discussion of precision and bias of this test.21.2 PrecisionThis test meth
44、od has been in use for manyyears, but no information has been presented to ASTMInternational upon which to base a statement of precision. Noactivity has been planned to develop such information.21.3 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valuesfor tensile strength and elongation are determined
45、 solely interms of this test method itself.DISSIPATION FACTOR AND PERMITTIVITY22. Significance and Use22.1 The dissipation factor and permittivity of an electri-cally insulating rubber tape are properties of the material whichare important when it is used as high-voltage insulation.D432508322.2 Meas
46、urements of dissipation factor and permittivityare nondestructive tests that are helpful in determining theproduct uniformity, moisture absorption, and changes in com-position.23. Conditioning23.1 Unless otherwise specified, use the following condi-tions in preparing specimens and conducting measure
47、ments:23.1.1 As receivedCondition a set of specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F)for1hat506 5 % relative humidity priorto testing at temperatures of 23 6 2 C.23.1.2 Elevated temperatureCondition a set of specimensat some specified temperature (for example, 90 6 2 C 194 63.6 F) for 1 h prior to testing a
48、t temperature specified (forexample, 90 6 2 C).23.1.3 After water immersionCondition a set of speci-mens in distilled water at a temperature of 23 6 2 C (73.4 63.6 F) for a period of 24 h. Remove from water, pat dry, andtest immediately at 23 6 2 C.23.1.4 After hot water immersionCondition a set of
49、speci-mens in distilled water at a temperature of 70 6 2 C (158 63.6 F) for a period of 24 h. Allow the immersed specimens tocome to room temperature by conditioning in distilled water at23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) for 4 h. Remove from water, pat dry,and test immediately at 23 6 2 C.24. Procedure24.1 Prepare three specimens that are free from defects fromeach roll that has been selected and conditioned in accordancewith Sections 4-6. It is desirable to test tapes that are 38 mm(1.5 in.) or wider. In place of testing narrower widths, themanufa
