1、Designation: D 4332 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forConditioning Containers, Packages, or PackagingComponents for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides for standard and special condi-tioning and testing atmospheres that may be
3、 used to simulateparticular field conditions that a container, package, or pack-aging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioningthese containers, packages, or packaging components so thatthey may reach equilibrium with the atmosph
4、ere to which theymay be exposed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati
5、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsE41 Terminology Relating To ConditioningE 171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning andTesting Flexible
6、 Barrier MaterialsE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 ISO Standard:2233 PackagingComplete, Filled Transport Packages:Conditioning for Testing32.3 Forest Products Laboratory:Moisture Content vs. Relative Humidity Chart
7、Content vs.Relative Humidity Chart43. Terminology3.1 Terms and definitions used in this practice may be foundin Terminology D 996, Terminology E41, or SpecificationE 171.4. Significance and Use4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages aremade, especially cellulosic materials, undergo cha
8、nges inphysical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity(RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, thepackage should be placed and kept in a specified atmospherefor a length of time such that subsequent measurements ofphysical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.
9、4.2 The conditions described in this practice are eitherhistorically accepted standard conditions or special laboratoryconditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distri-bution environment. These special conditions do not necessar-ily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simula
10、te themand have effects on packages and materials which may berelated to their field performance.5. Atmospheric Conditions5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere20 to 40C (68 to 104F)and 10 to 35 % relative humidity.5.2 Standard Conditioning Atmosphere236 1C (73.4 62F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.NOTE 1Av
11、erage values must fall within these limits. Short-termfluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measure-ments to vary up to 62C (63.6F) and 65 % relative humidity withoutsignificant impairment of test precision.NOTE 2The standard conditioning in the United States is differentthan
12、 in many other countries that use the ISO 2233 preferred conditions(G) of 20C (68F) and 65 % relative humidity.5.3 Special AtmospheresThe special standard atmo-spheric conditions shown in Table 1 may be selected whenappropriate.NOTE 3Temperature and humidity tolerances of 61C (61.8F) and62 % relativ
13、e humidity are desirable but not always attainable.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on Natural EnvironmentTest Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved
14、in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4332 01e2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
15、e.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison,WI 53726.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、 PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 4In the absence of a specific requirement for a particularatmospheric condition, use the conditioning atmosphere given in 5.2.NOTE 5Conditioning at the desert condition (Table 1) at a constanttemperature of 60C (140F) may have effects on some materials that donot r
17、elate to effects of cyclical field conditions.5.3.1 Preferred atmospheres approved by ISO, but notrequired in this practice are shown in Table 2.5.4 The measurement of temperature and relative humidityof the conditioning atmosphere shall be made as close to thespecimen being exposed as is possible.
18、(See Test Method E 337for a detailed description of methods.) The temperature andrelative humidity indicated at the control point, may not berepresentative of conditions elsewhere in the conditioned spacedue to local effects or deficiency in air circulation. Tolerancesat the controller usually must
19、be smaller than those at thespecimen.6. Apparatus6.1 Room (or Cabinet) of such size that sample containersor packages may be individually exposed to circulating air atthe temperature and relative humidity chosen.6.1.1 Control Apparatus capable of maintaining the roomat the required atmospheric condi
20、tions within the tolerancelimits.6.2 HygrometerThe instrument used to indicate the rela-tive humidity should be accurate to 62 % relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement ofrelative humidity or for checking the hygrometer (see TestMethod E 337).6.3 ThermometerAny tem
21、perature-measuring device maybe used provided it can accurately indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb thermometer of thepsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or forchecking the temperature-indicating device.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain containers, packages, or packa
22、ging componentsin quantity in accordance with the standard governing the testto be performed. Fiberboard containers (and containers fabri-cated from other materials that are affected by changes inhumidities greater than 40 %) may require preconditioning (seeMethod D 685).7.2 Containers or packages t
23、hat are sealed with aqueousadhesives should have all seals made sufficiently prior topreconditioning or conditioning so that the water in theadhesive will not be a factor in preconditioning or conditioningof the package.7.3 Place the container, package, or packaging componentwithin the conditioning
24、chamber and expose it to the requiredconditions for an amount of time specified in the particular testprocedure. If no time period is specified, a period of at least 72h or that required to reach equilibrium is recommended. Thecontainer, package, or packaging component shall be supportedin a manner
25、such that all surfaces have free access to theconditioning atmosphere. Heavier packages may be placed ona pallet or other device that should allow for as much exposureof the bottom surface to the conditioning atmosphere as ispossible, so long as the device does not cause a permanentchange in the box
26、 or affect the final test result.7.4 Wherever possible, the desired test or measurementshould be made at the specified conditioning atmosphere.When this is not possible, the test shall be performed as quicklyas possible after the specimen is removed from the condition-ing atmosphere.7.5 Alternativel
27、y, the package may be enclosed in a plasticsheet before removal from the conditioning atmosphere, in amanner such that the plastic will not interfere with theparticular test, so that the package will neither gain or losemoisture. Here too, the package shall be tested as quickly aspossible after remo
28、val from the conditioning atmosphere.8. Report8.1 The report of the test on the conditioned package shallinclude the following:8.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure.8.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposurewhen used.8.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure
29、.8.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the testingtemperature and relative humidity if different from the condi-tioning atmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9. Precision and Bias9.1 A statement of precision and bias is not applicable tothis practice.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; con
30、ditions; containers; environment; ma-terials; packagesTABLE 1 Special AtmospheresEnvironment (ISO 2233 Condition) Temperature, C (F)RelativeHumidity, %Cryogenic (A) 55 6 3 (67 6 6) .Frozen food storage (C) 18 6 2(06 4) .Refrigerated storage (D) 5 6 2(416 4) 85 6 5Temperate high humidity (F) 20 6 2(6
31、86 4) 90 6 5Tropical (L) 40 6 2 (104 6 4) 90 6 5Desert 60 6 2 (140 6 4) 15 6 2TABLE 2 Preferred Atmospheres Listed in ISO 2233Condition Temperature, C (F) Relative Humidity, %B 35 6 3 (31 6 6) not specifiedE206 2(686 4) 65H276 2(816 4) 65J36 2(866 4) 90K406 3 (104 6 6) uncontrolledM556 2 (131 6 4) 3
32、0D 4332 01 (2006)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement o
33、f such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
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35、o the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4332 01 (2006)3
