1、Designation: D 4359 90 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forDetermining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether aviscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory p
3、urposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
4、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Summary of Test
5、Method3.1 The material under test is held at 38C (100F) in atightly closed can. The lid is removed and the can inverted. Theflow of the material from the can is observed to determinewhether it is a solid or a liquid.4. Significance and Use4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi-na
6、tion of whether a material is a liquid or a solid. A similar testis used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for thispurpose.5. Apparatus5.1 Paint Can, 1 L (1 quart), with lid, diameter approxi-mately 108 mm (414 in.), height 120 mm (434 in.).5.2 Oven, maintained at a temperature of 38C (100F).
7、5.3 Tripod or Ring Stand.5.4 Watchglass, tared.5.5 Stopwatch.5.6 Ruler.6. Sampling6.1 Using standard sampling techniques, secure a represen-tative sample from the lot or batch being tested, in accordancewith Practices D 3925 or E 300.7. Test Specimen7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top qu
8、art can thatis at least 85 % full, use the can and material as supplied.7.2 If not, place the material to be tested into the quart can,filling it to at least 85 % and allowing enough ullage forexpansion of the material without displacement of the cover.Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.
9、NOTE 1The can is considered 85 % filled when the material level isno more than 20 mm (34 in.) below the lip of the can.8. Procedure8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at38 6 3C (100 6 5F). Allow the contents of the can to cometo temperature equilibrium (18 to 24 h).8.2 Place th
10、e tripod or ring stand on a level surface.8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibriumtake the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.With the ruler, measure the distance from the surface of thematerial to the top of the lip of the can and record.8.4 Invert the can onto the t
11、ripod or ring stand in a verticalposition over the tared watchglass. If a skin has formed on thesurface of the material, break the skin prior to inverting the can.Determine the flow of the specimen out of the can at the end of3 min, by measuring the vertical distance the material hasflowed from the
12、lip of the can to the tip of the specimen.8.5 Add the distance from the surface of the material to thetop of the lip of the can (8.3) to the distance the material hasflowed below the lip of the can (8.4).8.6 If there is an appreciable flow from the can before the 3min are up, that is, more than 50 m
13、m (2 in.), immediately stopthe test and place the can in an upright position.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.22 on Flammability and Safety.Current edition a
14、pproved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4359 90 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
15、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.7 Collect any free-flowing material onto the tared watchglass and weigh.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 A materi
16、al that flows a total of 50 mm (2 in.) or lesswithin 3 min is considered a solid. Otherwise, it is considereda liquid.9.2If1gormore of liquid is collected on the watchglass,the viscous specimen is considered a liquid regardless of itsflow characteristics.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionIt is not
17、 practical to specify the precision ofthis procedure as the results of the test are reported only as thestate of the material under test.10.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias, no statement is made.11. Keywords11.1 regulations; sample definition; visc
18、ous materialcharacterizationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infr
19、ingement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standa
20、rd or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your vie
21、ws known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4359 90 (2006)2
