1、Designation: D4381 06 D4381/D4381M 12Standard Test Method forSand Content by Volume of Bentonitic Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4381;D4381/D4381M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sand content of bentonitic slurries used in slurry constructi
3、on techniques.This test method has been modified from API Recommended Practice 13B.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
4、of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The SI units are given in brackets.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
5、ard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Enga
6、ged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and Construction2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard:API RP 13B Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluids33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer
7、 to Terminology D653.Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The glass measuring tube of the sand-screen set (Fig. 1) is filled with bentonitic slurry and water to the appropriate marksand is shaken. The mixture
8、is poured through the wet screen. The funnel is fitted over the top of the screen and the assemblyinverted, inserting the tip of the funnel into the glass measuring tube. All material is washed from the screen and the amount ofsand read in the graduated tube, as percent by volume.5. Significance and
9、 Use5.1 This test method evaluates is used to determine the amount of sand by volume in bentonitic slurry. The significance of thistest method mainly relates to bentonitic slurries used for concrete wall construction. The range of measurement is too limited foruse in cement bentonite wall constructi
10、on.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard depends on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities being used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing,s
11、ampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of A
12、STM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Propertiesand Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006June 1, 2012. Published December 2006August 2012. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD4381
13、84(2006).D438106. DOI: 10.1520/D4381-06.10.1520/D4381_D4381M-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM we
14、bsite.3 Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 2101 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically poss
15、ible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Sand-Content Set (see Fig. 1), consisting of the following:6.1.1 Sieve, No. 200 mesh (75-m), 2 in. (50 mm)50 mm in diameter.6.1.2 Funnel, to fit screen and glass measuring tube.6.1.3 Measuring Tube, glass tube should be marked from 0 to 2
17、0 % by volume.NOTE 2Volume of sand, including void spaces between grain,grains, is measured and expressed as percent by volume of bentonitic slurry.7. Procedure7.1 Fill the glass measuring tube to the designated mark with bentonitic slurry.7.2 Add water to the next designated mark.7.3 Close the mout
18、h of the tube and shake vigorously.7.4 Pour the mixture into the clean, wet No. 200 (75-m) mesh sieve.7.5 Discard the liquid whichthat passes through the sieve.7.6 Add more water to the tube, shake, and pour into the sieve. Repeat until the water which passes through the sieve is clear.7.7 Wash the
19、sand retained on the sieve to clean any remaining slurry.NOTE 1Photo courtesy of N. L. BaroidN. L. Industries, Inc., Houston, TX.FIG. 1 Sand-Content SetD4381/D4381M 1227.8 Attach the funnel upside down over the top of the sieve.7.9 Carefully invert the assembly and insert the tip of the funnel into
20、the mouth of the glass measuring tube.7.10 With a fine spray of water, wash the sand retained on the sieve back into the measuring tube.7.11 Allow the sand to settle.7.12 Read the volume of sand from the graduations on the glass tube as a percent of the volume of bentonitic slurry originallyadded in
21、 7.1.7.13 Wash and dry all equipment thoroughly after each test.8. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 Record as a minimum the following general information (data):8.1.1 Sample/specimen identifying information, such as location, project, date and time, the source of the slurry tested, such asits s
22、tation and depth, person who conducted the test, and general testing conditions.8.2 Record as a minimum the following sand content data:8.2.1 The sand content of the slurry to the nearest percent.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented due to the nature of this test
23、 method and the bentonite slurry-sand mixture.Having ten or more agencies participate in an in situ testing program at a given site is either not feasible or too costly at this time.9.1.1 Subcommittee D18.04 is seeking any data from the users of this test method that might be used to make a limited
24、statementon precision.9.1.2 The results of this test obtained at a given site by a single operator are usually within 1-2%. 1-2 %.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this test method. Therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 bentonite; sand; slurryASTM International takes n
25、o position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respon
26、sibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed
27、to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the ad
28、dress shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4381/D4381M 123
