1、Designation: D 4397 02Standard Specification forPolyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, andAgricultural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificatio
3、n covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 m(0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended forconstruction, industrial, and agricultural applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion
4、, Section 8 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions
5、prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials for TestingD 882 Test Methods for Tensile P
6、roperties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1709 Test Method for Impact Resistance of PolyethyleneFilm by the Free Falling Dart MethodD 1898 Practice for Sampling of PlasticsD 2103 Specification
7、for Polyethylene Film and SheetingD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-rialsE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) ColorimetryF88 Test Methods for Seal Strength of Flexible BarrierMateri
8、als2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe plastics terminology used in thisspecification is in accordance with the definitions given inTerminology D 883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 n
9、ominal lengththe length of sheeting in any roll, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.3.2.2 nominal net weightthe weight of sheeting in anyroll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.3 nominal thicknessthe thickness of sheeting
10、in anyroll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.4 nominal widththe width of sheeting in any rolls, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.4. Materials4.1 The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modi-fied polyethylene, su
11、ch as an ethylene copolymer consisting ofa major portion of ethylene in combination with a minorportion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylenewith a lesser amount of other polymers.NOTE 2Polyethylene sheeting is made in a variety of colors, opaci-ties, translucencies, and dimensions. It
12、 is recommended that manufactur-ers be consulted on the varieties available.5. General Requirements General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe sheeting shall have appearance quali-ties conforming with those produced by good commercial1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onP
13、lastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film andSheeting.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4397 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
14、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*
15、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.practices. It shall be as free as is commercially possible of gels,streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and un
16、dispersedraw material. There shall be no other visible defects such asblocking, holes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free ofnicks and cuts visible to the unaided eye.5.2 Dimensions:5.2.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, and length of thesheeting in each roll shall be agreed upon between th
17、e buyerand the seller.5.2.2 Tolerances:5.2.2.1 ThicknessThe thickness at any point, when mea-sured in accordance with 8.5, shall not be less than 80 % of thenominal thickness.5.2.2.2 WidthThe tolerance for widths of 0.3 m (1 ft) ormore, shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.) per foot of nominal width. Forall widt
18、hs less than 0.3 m (1 ft), the tolerance shall be 3.2 mm(18 in.). Width to be measured in accordance with 8.6.5.2.2.3 LengthThe length of sheeting per roll, whenmeasured in accordance with 8.6, shall be within + 3 %to1%ofthelength specified.5.2.3 Minimum Net WeightThe actual net weight of eachroll s
19、hall be not less than the nominal net weight, whendetermined in accordance with the formula established in 8.7.The nominal net weight shall, in turn, be the labeled netweight.6. Detail Requirements6.1 Color and FinishThe sheeting may be natural, (essen-tially colorless), color tinted, translucent, o
20、r opaque. Thesurface finish may be plain, printed, or otherwise treated asagreed upon between the buyer and the seller.6.2 Impact ResistanceThe average impact resistance shallbe not less than the resistance specified in Table 1, when testedin accordance with 8.8.6.3 Mechanical PropertiesThe average
21、tensile strengthand elongation at break for all thicknesses of sheeting shall beas specified in Table 2, when tested in accordance with 8.9.6.4 ReflectanceThe daylight reflectance of white opaquesheeting, intended for use in curing concrete, shall be not lessthan 70 %, when determined in accordance
22、with 8.10.6.5 Luminous TransmittanceBlack sheeting intended forexclusion of light and for maximum resistance to weatheringshall have an average luminous transmittance not greater than1 %, when determined in accordance with 8.11. This low levelof luminous transmittance indicates a high degree of opac
23、ity.6.6 Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)The averagewater vapor transmission shall not be greater than 22.0g/m2(1.40 g/100 in.2) per 24 h for sheeting 25 m (1 mil) inthickness, when determined in accordance with 8.12. Thewater vapor transmission rate is inversely proportional to thethickness. Max
24、imum limits for rate of water transmission as afunction of thickness are given in Table 3. Equivalent maxi-mum limits in terms of permeance are given in Table 4.Itshould be noted that the WVTR requirement is not necessaryfor all applications (such as pallet wrap). However, Table 3 andTable 4 may be
25、used for those cases where the WVTR is animportant consideration.7. Sampling7.1 Samples for test purposes shall be taken from rolls,selected at random from the total number of rolls in eachshipment or lot, in accordance with Table 5.7.2 The samples for testing shall be full width and shall becut at
26、least three full turns, but not less than 1.5 m (5 ft), fromeither end of the sheeting on each roll. Normally about 2 m2(20ft2) of sheeting is needed to carry out all the tests.All the testsshall be made on each sample roll. Rolls damaged in shipmentshall not be selected for testing.7.3 The specimen
27、s to be used for a particular test shall becut from different parts of the sheeting sample (that is, theyshall not be cut adjacent to one another), unless otherwisespecified in the test.8. Test Methods8.1 GeneralThe tests given herein are intended primarilyfor use as production tests in conjunction
28、with manufacturingprocesses and inspection methods to insure conformity ofsheeting with the requirements of this specification.8.2 Production Inspection and Testing During the processof manufacture, the manufacturer shall make inspections andTABLE 1 Dart Drop Impact ResistanceANominal Thickness, m (
29、mils) Dart Drop Impact Resistance, min, g25 (1.0) 4038 (1.5) 6550 (2.0) 8575 (3.0) 125100 (4.0) 165125 (5.0) 205150 (6.0) 260175 (7.0) 315200 (8.0) 370225 (9.0) 420250 (10.0) 475AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.TABLE 2 Mechanical
30、PropertiesLengthwiseDirectionCrosswiseDirectionTensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Elongation, min, %A225 350AFor films of nominal thickness of 2 mils (50 m), minimum % to be 200 and325, respectively (LD/CD).TABLE 3 Specification for Water Vapor Transmission Rate(WVTR)AWVTR (g/24h
31、m2)maxNominal ThicknessWVTR (g/24h100in.2)maxm (mils)22.0 25 (1) 1.4011.0 50 (2) 0.707.3 75 (3) 0.475.5 100 (4) 0.354.4 125 (5) 0.283.7 150 (6) 0.233.1 175 (7) 0.202.8 200 (8) 0.182.4 225 (9) 0.162.2 250 (10) 0.14AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetica
32、l interpolation.D4397022tests in accordance with methods described by this specifica-tion. The manufacturer shall keep such essential records andother information to document his claim that the requirementsof this specification are met with a high degree of assurance.8.3 InspectionThe samples of she
33、eting shall be visuallyinspected to determine conformance of the sheeting with therequirements of 5.1.8.4 ConditioningThe test specimens shall be conditionedin accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618 and shall betested under these conditions for referee tests or in the case ofdisputes. Otherwi
34、se, storage at room temperature should beadequate.8.5 ThicknessThe thickness should be determined usingMethod C of Test Methods D 374.NOTE 3Standard commercial apparatus with foot sizes from approxi-mately 5 to 10 mm (316 to38 in.) in diameter and effective pressure on thefoot from 0.02 to 0.17 MPa
35、(3 to 25 psi) give essentially the same value.48.6 Length and WidthMeasurements shall be made with acalibrated 30-m (100-ft) steel tape graduated at intervals of 1mm (116 in.). The roll shall be extended to its full length on aflat surface and all creases and buckles removed, insofar aspractical, wi
36、thout applying stresses that cause any significantflow. Measurements of length shall be rounded to the nearestcentimetre (inches). Width shall be measured to the nearest 1mm (116 in.) at not less than 10 locations uniformly distributedalong the length of the roll, and the results shall be averaged.8
37、.7 Weight The actual net weight of each roll shall bedetermined to the nearest 50 g (1 oz or 0.1 lb) on suitablycalibrated equipment. The nominal net weight shall be calcu-lated as follows:W 5 T 3 A 3 D 3 k (1)where:W = nominal, kg (lb),T = nominal thickness, mm (in.),A = nominal length times nomina
38、l width, mm (in.),D = density of the film as determined by Test MethodD 1505, g/cm3, andk =106for converting g/cm3to kg/mm3(= 0.03613 forconverting g/cm3to lb/in.3).8.8 Impact ResistanceThe impact resistance shall be de-termined in accordance with Test Method D 1709, usingMethod A for sheeting up to
39、 250 m (10 mils) in thickness.(See Table 1.)8.9 Tensile PropertiesThe tensile properties of polyethyl-ene sheeting shall be determined in accordance with MethodAof Test Methods D 882, using ten specimens for each direction.The thickness of the specimens shall be measured in accor-dance with 8.5.8.10
40、 ReflectanceDetermine the daylight reflectance of thespecimens in accordance with Test Method E 1347.NOTE 4Daylight reflectance is total luminous reflectance factor, CIEtristimulus value Y for CIE 1931 (2) standard observer and CIE standardilluminant C or D65.8.11 Luminous TransmittanceThe luminous
41、transmittanceshall be determined in accordance with Specification D 2103,using five test specimens.8.12 Water Vapor TransmissionThe water vapor transmis-sion rate shall be determined in accordance with Method E ofTest Methods E96, using four specimens.8.13 Heat SealabilityMeasure heat sealability in
42、 accor-dance with Test Methods F88, Test Method B, Dynamic LoadTest.9. Packaging and Marking9.1 MarkingEach package or roll shall be marked withthe nominal width, length, area in square feet or square metres,thickness of the sheeting, and the nominal net weight of thepackage or roll.9.2 Conformance
43、StatementsIn order that purchasers mayidentify product complying with all requirements of thisspecification, producers choosing to produce said product inconformance with this specification may include a statement inconjunction with their name and address on labels, invoices,sales literature, and th
44、e like. The following statement issuggested when sufficient space is available:This sheeting conforms to all of the requirements estab-lished in ASTM Specification D 4397, Polyethylene Sheetingfor Construction, Industrial, andAgriculturalApplications. Fullresponsibility for the conformance of this p
45、roduct is assumedby (name and address of producer or distributor).4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. Types of thickness measuring gages are described inNational Institute for Standards and Technology Circular 585, The Meaurement ofThi
46、ckness, issued January 20, 1958. Names of manufacturers are also given.TABLE 4 Specification for PermeanceAPermeanceB(metricperms),maxNominal ThicknessPermeanceC(perms),maxm (mils)0.50 25 (1) 0.760.25 50 (2) 0.380.17 75 (3) 0.250.12 100 (4) 0.190.10 125 (5) 0.150.084 150 (6) 0.130.070 175 (7) 0.110.
47、063 200 (8) 0.0960.054 225 (9) 0.0820.050 250 (10) 0.076AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.BPermeance in metric perms is found by dividing WVTR, g/24hm2,bythepressure difference of water vapor, m Hg, at the test temperature.CPermean
48、ce in perms is found by dividing WVTR, grains/hft2, by the pressuredifference of water vapor, in. Hg at the test temperature. To convert WVTR fromg/h100 in.2to grains/hft2, multiply by 0.926.TABLE 5 Sampling for Test ProceduresRolls in Shipment or Lot Rolls Sampled2to9 110 to 15 216 to 40 341 to 65
49、566 to 110 7111 to 180 10181 to 300 15301 to 500 25501 to 800 35801 to 1300 50D43970239.2.1 The following abbreviated statement is suggestedwhen available space on labels is insufficient for the fullstatement:Conforms to ASTM D 4397 (name and address of pro-ducer or distributor).9.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.10. Keywords10.1 film; polyethylene; recycling; sheetingQUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS FORGOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT(These requirements apply
