1、Designation: D 4397 09Standard Specification forPolyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, andAgricultural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification
3、 covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 m(0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended forconstruction, industrial, and agricultural applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion,
4、 Section 8 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions p
5、rior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1505 Test Method for Density
6、 of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Filmby the Free-Falling Dart MethodD 1898 Practice for Sampling of PlasticsD 2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and SheetingD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4976 Specification f
7、or Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion MaterialsD 6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of PlasticFilm Test SpecimensE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryF88 Test Method for
8、 Seal Strength of Flexible BarrierMaterials2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe plastics terminology used in thisspecification is in accordance with the definitions given inTerminology D 883.3.2 Definitions of
9、 Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 nominal lengththe length of sheeting in any roll, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.3.2.2 nominal net weightthe weight of sheeting in anyroll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.3 nom
10、inal thicknessthe thickness of sheeting in anyroll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.4 nominal widththe width of sheeting in any rolls, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.4. Materials4.1 The sheeting shall be made from po
11、lyethylene or modi-fied polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting ofa major portion of ethylene in combination with a minorportion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylenewith a lesser amount of other polymers.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D2
12、0 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film andSheeting.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 4397 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
13、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*
14、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Polyethylene sheeting is made in a variety of colors, opaci-ties, translucencies, and dimensions. It is recommended
15、 that manufactur-ers be consulted on the varieties available.5. General Requirements General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe sheeting shall have appearance quali-ties conforming with those produced by good commercialpractices. It shall be as free as is commercially possible of gels,streaks, pinholes,
16、particles of foreign matter, and undispersedraw material. There shall be no other visible defects such asblocking, holes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free ofnicks and cuts visible to the unaided eye.5.2 Dimensions:5.2.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, and length of thesheeting in each r
17、oll shall be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller.5.2.2 Tolerances:5.2.2.1 ThicknessThe thickness at any point, when mea-sured in accordance with 8.7, shall not be less than 80 % of thenominal thickness.5.2.2.2 WidthThe tolerance for widths of 0.3 m (1 ft) ormore, shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.) per
18、 foot of nominal width. Forall widths less than 0.3 m (1 ft), the tolerance shall be 3.2 mm(18 in.). Width to be measured in accordance with 8.8.5.2.2.3 LengthThe length of sheeting per roll, whenmeasured in accordance with 8.8, shall be within + 3 %to1%ofthelength specified.5.2.3 Minimum Net Weight
19、The actual net weight of eachroll shall be not less than the nominal net weight, whendetermined in accordance with the formula established in 8.9.The nominal net weight shall, in turn, be the labeled netweight.6. Detail Requirements6.1 Color and FinishThe sheeting may be natural, (essen-tially color
20、less), color tinted, translucent, or opaque. Thesurface finish may be plain, printed, or otherwise treated asagreed upon between the buyer and the seller.6.2 Impact ResistanceThe average impact resistance shallbe not less than the resistance specified in Table 1, when testedin accordance with 8.10.6
21、.3 Mechanical PropertiesThe average tensile strengthand elongation at break for all thicknesses of sheeting shall beas specified in Table 2, when tested in accordance with 8.11.6.4 ReflectanceThe daylight reflectance of white opaquesheeting, intended for use in curing concrete, shall be not lessthan
22、 70 %, when determined in accordance with 8.12.6.5 Luminous TransmittanceBlack sheeting intended forexclusion of light and for maximum resistance to weatheringshall have an average luminous transmittance not greater than1 %, when determined in accordance with 8.13. This low levelof luminous transmit
23、tance indicates a high degree of opacity.6.6 Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)The averagewater vapor transmission shall not be greater than 22.0g/m2(1.40 g/100 in.2) per 24 h for sheeting 25 m (1 mil) inthickness, when determined in accordance with 8.14. Thewater vapor transmission rate is invers
24、ely proportional to thethickness. Maximum limits for rate of water transmission as afunction of thickness are given in Table 3. Equivalent maxi-mum limits in terms of permeance are given in Table 4.Itshould be noted that the WVTR requirement is not necessaryfor all applications (such as pallet wrap)
25、. However, Table 3 andTable 4 may be used for those cases where the WVTR is animportant consideration.7. Sampling7.1 Samples for test purposes shall be taken from rolls,selected at random from the total number of rolls in eachshipment or lot, in accordance with Table 5.7.2 The samples for testing sh
26、all be full width and shall becut at least three full turns, but not less than 1.5 m (5 ft), fromeither end of the sheeting on each roll. Normally about 2 m2(20ft2) of sheeting is needed to carry out all the tests.All the testsshall be made on each sample roll. Rolls damaged in shipmentshall not be
27、selected for testing.7.3 The specimens to be used for a particular test shall becut from different parts of the sheeting sample (that is, theyshall not be cut adjacent to one another), unless otherwisespecified in the test.TABLE 1 Dart Drop Impact ResistanceANominal Thickness, m (mils) Dart Drop Imp
28、act Resistance, min, g25 (1.0) 4038 (1.5) 6550 (2.0) 8575 (3.0) 125100 (4.0) 165125 (5.0) 205150 (6.0) 260175 (7.0) 315200 (8.0) 370225 (9.0) 420250 (10.0) 475AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.TABLE 2 Mechanical PropertiesLengthwis
29、eDirectionCrosswiseDirectionTensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Elongation, min, %A225 350AFor films of nominal thickness of 2 mils (50 m), minimum % to be 200 and325, respectively (LD/CD).TABLE 3 Specification for Water Vapor Transmission Rate(WVTR)AWVTR (g/24hm2)maxNominal Thick
30、nessWVTR (g/24h100in.2)maxm (mils)22.0 25 (1) 1.4011.0 50 (2) 0.707.3 75 (3) 0.475.5 100 (4) 0.354.4 125 (5) 0.283.7 150 (6) 0.233.1 175 (7) 0.202.8 200 (8) 0.182.4 225 (9) 0.162.2 250 (10) 0.14AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.D43
31、970928. Test Methods8.1 GeneralThe tests given herein are intended primarilyfor use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturingprocesses and inspection methods to insure conformity ofsheeting with the requirements of this specification.8.2 Production Inspection and Testing During the proce
32、ssof manufacture, the manufacturer shall make inspections andtests in accordance with methods described by this specifica-tion. The manufacturer shall keep such essential records andother information to document his claim that the requirementsof this specification are met with a high degree of assur
33、ance.8.3 InspectionThe samples of sheeting shall be visuallyinspected to determine conformance of the sheeting with therequirements of 5.1.8.4 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) for not less than 40 h prior to test inaccordance with Specification D 4976 or as otherwise
34、specifiedby agreement. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be61C (61.8F).8.5 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) in accordance with Specification D 4976 or as otherwisespecified by agreement. In cases of disagreement, the toler-ances shall be 61C (61.8F).8.6 In additi
35、on, for films containing hydrophilic fillers,co-monomers, pigments or other modifiers, conditioning andtesting shall be done at 50 6 10 % relative humidity. In casesof disagreement, the tolerance shall be 65 % relative humidity.8.7 ThicknessMeasure the thickness in accordance withGuide D 6988.NOTE 3
36、Standard commercial apparatus with foot sizes from approxi-mately 5 to 10 mm (316 to38 in.) in diameter and effective pressure on thefoot from 0.02 to 0.17 MPa (3 to 25 psi) give essentially the same value.48.8 Length and WidthMeasurements shall be made with acalibrated 30-m (100-ft) steel tape grad
37、uated at intervals of 1mm (116 in.). The roll shall be extended to its full length on aflat surface and all creases and buckles removed, insofar aspractical, without applying stresses that cause any significantflow. Measurements of length shall be rounded to the nearestcentimetre (inches). Width sha
38、ll be measured to the nearest 1mm (116 in.) at not less than 10 locations uniformly distributedalong the length of the roll, and the results shall be averaged.8.9 Weight The actual net weight of each roll shall bedetermined to the nearest 50 g (1 oz or 0.1 lb) on suitablycalibrated equipment. The no
39、minal net weight shall be calcu-lated as follows:W 5 T 3 A 3 D 3 k (1)where:W = nominal, kg (lb),T = nominal thickness, mm (in.),A = nominal length times nominal width, mm (in.),D = density of the film as determined by Test MethodD 1505, g/cm3, andk =106for converting g/cm3to kg/mm3(= 0.03613 forcon
40、verting g/cm3to lb/in.3).8.10 Impact ResistanceThe impact resistance shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method D 1709, usingMethod A for sheeting up to 250 m (10 mils) in thickness.(See Table 1.)8.11 Tensile PropertiesThe tensile properties of polyeth-ylene sheeting shall be determined in ac
41、cordance with MethodA of Test Methods D 882, using ten specimens for eachdirection. The thickness of the specimens shall be measured inaccordance with 8.7.8.12 ReflectanceDetermine the daylight reflectance of thespecimens in accordance with Test Method E 1347.NOTE 4Daylight reflectance is total lumi
42、nous reflectance factor, CIEtristimulus value Y for CIE 1931 (2) standard observer and CIE standardilluminant C or D65.8.13 Luminous TransmittanceThe luminous transmittanceshall be determined in accordance with Specification D 2103,using five test specimens.8.14 Water Vapor TransmissionThe water vap
43、or transmis-sion rate shall be determined in accordance with Method E ofTest Methods E 96/E 96M, using four specimens.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. Types of thickness measuring gages are described inNational Institute for Standar
44、ds and Technology Circular 585, The Meaurement ofThickness, issued January 20, 1958. Names of manufacturers are also given.TABLE 4 Specification for PermeanceAPermeanceB(metricperms),maxNominal ThicknessPermeanceC(perms),maxm (mils)0.50 25 (1) 0.760.25 50 (2) 0.380.17 75 (3) 0.250.12 100 (4) 0.190.1
45、0 125 (5) 0.150.084 150 (6) 0.130.070 175 (7) 0.110.063 200 (8) 0.0960.054 225 (9) 0.0820.050 250 (10) 0.076AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.BPermeance in metric perms is found by dividing WVTR, g/24hm2,bythepressure difference of
46、 water vapor, m Hg, at the test temperature.CPermeance in perms is found by dividing WVTR, grains/hft2, by the pressuredifference of water vapor, in. Hg at the test temperature. To convert WVTR fromg/h100 in.2to grains/hft2, multiply by 0.926.TABLE 5 Sampling for Test ProceduresRolls in Shipment or
47、Lot Rolls Sampled2to9 110 to 15 216 to 40 341 to 65 566 to 110 7111 to 180 10181 to 300 15301 to 500 25501 to 800 35801 to 1300 50D43970938.15 Heat SealabilityMeasure heat sealability in accor-dance with Test Methods F88, Test Method B, Dynamic LoadTest.9. Packaging and Marking9.1 MarkingEach packag
48、e or roll shall be marked withthe nominal width, length, area in square feet or square metres,thickness of the sheeting, and the nominal net weight of thepackage or roll.9.2 Conformance StatementsIn order that purchasers mayidentify product complying with all requirements of thisspecification, produ
49、cers choosing to produce said product inconformance with this specification may include a statement inconjunction with their name and address on labels, invoices,sales literature, and the like. The following statement issuggested when sufficient space is available:This sheeting conforms to all of the requirements estab-lished in ASTM Specification D 4397, Polyethylene Sheetingfor Construction, Industrial, andAgriculturalApplications. Fullresponsibility for the conformance of this product is assumedby (name and a
