1、Designation: D4397 10Standard Specification forPolyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, andAgricultural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification c
3、overs polyethylene sheeting, 250 m(0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended forconstruction, industrial, and agricultural applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, S
4、ection 8 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions pri
5、or to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastic
6、s by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Filmby the Free-Falling Dart MethodD2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and SheetingD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion Materials
7、D6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of PlasticFilm Test SpecimensE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryF88 Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible BarrierMaterials2.2 Military Sta
8、ndard:MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods for Acceptance ofProduct33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe plastics terminology used in thisspecification is in accordance with the definitions given inTerminology D883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 nominal lengththe length of sheeti
9、ng in any roll, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.3.2.2 nominal net weightthe weight of sheeting in anyroll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.3 nominal thicknessthe thickness of sheeting in anyroll, as specified on produ
10、ct labels, invoices, sales literature,and the like.3.2.4 nominal widththe width of sheeting in any rolls, asspecified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.4. Materials4.1 The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modi-fied polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consi
11、sting ofa major portion of ethylene in combination with a minorportion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylenewith a lesser amount of other polymers.NOTE 2Polyethylene sheeting is made in a variety of colors, opaci-ties, translucencies, and dimensions. It is recommended that manufactur-e
12、rs be consulted on the varieties available.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Molded andExtruded Products.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapproved in 1984
13、. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4397 09. DOI:10.1520/D4397-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、 ASTM website.33available online at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe sheeting shall h
15、ave appearance quali-ties conforming with those produced by good commercialpractices. It shall be as free as is commercially possible of gels,streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and undispersedraw material. There shall be no other visible defects such asblocking, holes, tears, or blister
16、s. The edges shall be free ofnicks and cuts visible to the unaided eye.5.2 Dimensions:5.2.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, and length of thesheeting in each roll shall be agreed upon between the buyerand the seller.5.2.2 Tolerances:5.2.2.1 ThicknessThe thickness at any point, when mea-sured in ac
17、cordance with 8.7, shall not be less than 80 % of thenominal thickness.5.2.2.2 WidthThe tolerance for widths of 0.3 m (1 ft) ormore, shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.) per foot of nominal width. Forall widths less than 0.3 m (1 ft), the tolerance shall be 3.2 mm(18 in.). Width to be measured in accordance wit
18、h 8.8.5.2.2.3 LengthThe length of sheeting per roll, whenmeasured in accordance with 8.8, shall be within + 3 %to1%ofthelength specified.5.2.3 Minimum Net WeightThe actual net weight of eachroll shall be not less than the nominal net weight, whendetermined in accordance with the formula established
19、in 8.9.The nominal net weight shall, in turn, be the labeled netweight.6. Detail Requirements6.1 Color and FinishThe sheeting can be natural, (essen-tially colorless), color tinted, translucent, or opaque. Thesurface finish can be plain, printed, or otherwise treated asagreed upon between the buyer
20、and the seller.6.2 Impact ResistanceThe average impact resistance shallbe not less than the resistance specified in Table 1, when testedin accordance with 8.10.6.3 Mechanical PropertiesThe average tensile strengthand elongation at break for all thicknesses of sheeting shall beas specified in Table 2
21、, when tested in accordance with 8.11.6.4 ReflectanceThe daylight reflectance of white opaquesheeting, intended for use in curing concrete, shall be not lessthan 70 %, when determined in accordance with 8.12.6.5 Luminous TransmittanceBlack sheeting intended forexclusion of light and for maximum resi
22、stance to weatheringshall have an average luminous transmittance not greater than1 %, when determined in accordance with 8.13. This low levelof luminous transmittance indicates a high degree of opacity.6.6 Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)The averagewater vapor transmission shall not be greater t
23、han 22.0g/m2(1.40 g/100 in.2) per 24 h for sheeting 25 m (1 mil) inthickness, when determined in accordance with 8.14. Thewater vapor transmission rate is inversely proportional to thethickness. Maximum limits for rate of water transmission as afunction of thickness are given in Table 3. Equivalent
24、maxi-mum limits in terms of permeance are given in Table 4. TheWVTR requirement is not necessary for all applications (suchas pallet wrap). However, Table 3 and Table 4 can be used forthose cases where the WVTR is an important consideration.7. Sampling7.1 Samples for test purposes shall be taken fro
25、m rolls,selected at random from the total number of rolls in eachshipment or lot, in accordance with Table 5.7.2 The samples for testing shall be full width and shall becut at least three full turns, but not less than 1.5 m (5 ft), fromeither end of the sheeting on each roll. Normally about 2 m2(20f
26、t2) of sheeting is needed to carry out all the tests.All the testsshall be made on each sample roll. Rolls damaged in shipmentshall not be selected for testing.7.3 The specimens to be used for a particular test shall becut from different parts of the sheeting sample (that is, theyshall not be cut ad
27、jacent to one another), unless otherwisespecified in the test.8. Test Methods8.1 GeneralThe tests given herein are intended primarilyfor use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturingprocesses and inspection methods to ensure conformity ofsheeting with the requirements of this specificati
28、on.TABLE 1 Dart Drop Impact ResistanceANominal Thickness, m (mils) Dart Drop Impact Resistance, min, g25 (1.0) 4038 (1.5) 6550 (2.0) 8575 (3.0) 125100 (4.0) 165125 (5.0) 205150 (6.0) 260175 (7.0) 315200 (8.0) 370225 (9.0) 420250 (10.0) 475AValues for nominal thickness other than those listed shall b
29、e determined byarithmetical interpolation.TABLE 2 Mechanical PropertiesLengthwiseDirectionCrosswiseDirectionTensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Elongation, min, %A225 350AFor films of nominal thickness of 2 mils (50 m), minimum % to be 200 and325, respectively (LD/CD).TABLE 3 Spec
30、ification for Water Vapor Transmission Rate(WVTR)AWVTR (g/24hm2)maxNominal ThicknessWVTR (g/24h100in.2)maxm (mils)22.0 25 (1) 1.4011.0 50 (2) 0.707.3 75 (3) 0.475.5 100 (4) 0.354.4 125 (5) 0.283.7 150 (6) 0.233.1 175 (7) 0.202.8 200 (8) 0.182.4 225 (9) 0.162.2 250 (10) 0.14AValues for nominal thickn
31、ess other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.D4397 1028.2 Production Inspection and Testing During the processof manufacture, the manufacturer shall make inspections andtests in accordance with methods described by this specifica-tion. The manufacturer shall keep such
32、 essential records andother information to document his claim that the requirementsof this specification are met with a high degree of assurance.8.3 InspectionThe samples of sheeting shall be visuallyinspected to determine conformance of the sheeting with therequirements of 5.1.8.4 ConditioningCondi
33、tion the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) for not less than 40 h prior to test inaccordance with Specification D4976 or as otherwise specifiedby agreement. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be61C (61.8F).8.5 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) in accordance wi
34、th Specification D4976 or as otherwisespecified by agreement. In cases of disagreement, the toler-ances shall be 61C (61.8F).8.6 In addition, for films containing fillers, co-monomers,pigments or other modifiers of a hydrophilic nature, condition-ing and testing shall be done at 50 6 10 % relative h
35、umidity.In cases of disagreement, the tolerance shall be 65 % relativehumidity.8.7 ThicknessMeasure the thickness in accordance withGuide D6988.NOTE 3Standard commercial apparatus with foot sizes from approxi-mately 5 to 10 mm (316 to38 in.) in diameter and effective pressure on thefoot from 0.02 to
36、 0.17 MPa (3 to 25 psi) give essentially the same value.48.8 Length and WidthMeasurements shall be made with acalibrated 30-m (100-ft) steel tape graduated at intervals of 1mm (116 in.). The roll shall be extended to its full length on aflat surface and all creases and buckles removed, insofar aspra
37、ctical, without applying stresses that cause any significantflow. Measurements of length shall be rounded to the nearestcentimetre (inches). Width shall be measured to the nearest 1mm (116 in.) at not less than 10 locations uniformly distributedalong the length of the roll, and the results shall be
38、averaged.8.9 Weight The actual net weight of each roll shall bedetermined to the nearest 50 g (1 oz or 0.1 lb) on suitablycalibrated equipment. The nominal net weight shall be calcu-lated as follows:W 5 T 3 A 3 D 3 k (1)where:W = nominal, kg (lb),T = nominal thickness, mm (in.),A = nominal length ti
39、mes nominal width, mm (in.),D = density of the film as determined by Test MethodD1505, g/cm3, andk =106for converting g/cm3to kg/mm3(= 0.03613 forconverting g/cm3to lb/in.3).8.10 Impact ResistanceThe impact resistance shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method D1709, usingMethod A for sheetin
40、g up to 250 m (10 mils) in thickness.(See Table 1.)8.11 Tensile PropertiesThe tensile properties of polyeth-ylene sheeting shall be determined in accordance with MethodA of Test Methods D882, using ten specimens for eachdirection. The thickness of the specimens shall be measured inaccordance with 8.
41、7.8.12 ReflectanceDetermine the daylight reflectance of thespecimens in accordance with Test Method E1347.NOTE 4Daylight reflectance is total luminous reflectance factor, CIEtristimulus value Y for CIE 1931 (2) standard observer and CIE standardilluminant C or D65.8.13 Luminous TransmittanceThe lumi
42、nous transmittanceshall be determined in accordance with Specification D2103,using five test specimens.8.14 Water Vapor TransmissionThe water vapor transmis-sion rate shall be determined in accordance with Method E ofTest Methods E96/E96M, using four specimens.8.15 Heat SealabilityMeasure heat seala
43、bility in accor-dance with Test Methods F88, Test Method B, Dynamic LoadTest.9. Packaging and Marking9.1 MarkingEach package or roll shall be marked withthe nominal width, length, area in square feet or square metres,thickness of the sheeting, and the nominal net weight of thepackage or roll.4Availa
44、ble from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. Types of thickness measuring gages are described inNational Institute for Standards and Technology Circular 585, The Measurement ofThickness, issued January 20, 1958. Names of manufacturers are also given.T
45、ABLE 4 Specification for PermeanceAPermeanceB(metricperms),maxNominal ThicknessPermeanceC(perms),maxm (mils)0.50 25 (1) 0.760.25 50 (2) 0.380.17 75 (3) 0.250.12 100 (4) 0.190.10 125 (5) 0.150.084 150 (6) 0.130.070 175 (7) 0.110.063 200 (8) 0.0960.054 225 (9) 0.0820.050 250 (10) 0.076AValues for nomi
46、nal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.BPermeance in metric perms is found by dividing WVTR, g/24hm2,bythepressure difference of water vapor, m Hg, at the test temperature.CPermeance in perms is found by dividing WVTR, grains/hft2, by the pressurediffe
47、rence of water vapor, in. Hg at the test temperature. To convert WVTR fromg/h100 in.2to grains/hft2, multiply by 0.926.TABLE 5 Sampling for Test ProceduresRolls in Shipment or Lot Rolls Sampled2to9 110 to 15 216 to 40 341 to 65 566 to 110 7111 to 180 10181 to 300 15301 to 500 25501 to 800 35801 to 1
48、300 50D4397 1039.2 Conformance StatementsTo allow purchasers to iden-tify product complying with all requirements of this specifica-tion, producers choosing to produce said product in conform-ance with this specification and at the request of the purchasershall include a statement in conjunction wit
49、h their name andaddress on labels, invoices, sales literature, and the like. Thefollowing statement is suggested when sufficient space isavailable:This sheeting conforms to all of the requirements estab-lished in ASTM Specification D4397, Polyethylene Sheetingfor Construction, Industrial, andAgriculturalApplications. Fullresponsibility for the conformance of this product is assumedby (name and address of producer or distributor).9.2.1 The following abbreviated statement is suggestedwhen available space on lab
