1、Designation: D4397 10D4397 16Standard Specification forPolyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, andAgricultural Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This sp
3、ecification covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 m (0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended for construction,industrial, and agricultural applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test me
4、thods portion, Section 8 of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5、 limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1505 Test Method for D
6、ensity of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart MethodD2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and SheetingD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
7、Extrusion MaterialsD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test SpecimensE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of MaterialsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus ColorimetryF88 Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Mate
8、rials2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods for Acceptance of Product33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe plastics terminology used in this specification is in accordance with the definitions given in TerminologyD883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 nominal len
9、gththe length of sheeting in any roll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and the like.3.2.2 nominal net weightthe weight of sheeting in any roll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Co
10、mmittee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010May 1, 2016. Published September 2010May 2016. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asD4397 09.D4397 10. DOI:
11、10.1520/D4397-10.10.1520/D4397-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available online at http:
12、/assist.daps.dla.mil.http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accuratel
13、y, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
14、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 nominal thicknessthe thickness of sheeting in any roll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and thelike.3.2.4 nominal widththe width of sheeting in any rolls, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales
15、 literature, and the like.4. Materials4.1 The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of amajor portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesseramount of other
16、 polymers.NOTE 2Polyethylene sheeting is made in a variety of colors, opacities, translucencies, and dimensions. It is recommended that manufacturers beconsulted on the varieties available.5. General Requirements5.1 AppearanceThe sheeting shall have appearance qualities conforming with those produce
17、d by good commercial practices.It shall be as free as is commercially possible of gels, streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and undispersed raw material.There shall be no other visible defects such as blocking, holes, tears, or blisters. The edges shall be free of nicks and cuts visiblet
18、o the unaided eye.5.2 Dimensions:5.2.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, and length of the sheeting in each roll shall be agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller.5.2.2 Tolerances:5.2.2.1 ThicknessThe thickness at any point, when measured in accordance with 8.7, shall not be less than 80 % of the
19、nominal thickness.5.2.2.2 WidthThe tolerance for widths of 0.3 m (1 ft) or more, shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.) per foot of nominal width. For allwidths less than 0.3 m (1 ft), the tolerance shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.). Width to be measured in accordance with 8.8.5.2.2.3 LengthThe length of sheeting per roll
20、, when measured in accordance with 8.8, shall be within + 3 %to 1 %within +3 % to 1 % of the length specified.5.2.3 Minimum Net WeightThe actual net weight of each roll shall be not less than the nominal net weight, when determinedin accordance with the formula established in 8.9. The nominal net we
21、ight shall, in turn, be the labeled net weight.6. Detail Requirements6.1 Color and FinishThe sheeting can be natural, (essentially colorless), color tinted, translucent, or opaque. The surfacefinish can be plain, printed, or otherwise treated as agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.6.2 Impac
22、t ResistanceThe average impact resistance shall be not less than the resistance specified in Table 1, when tested inaccordance with 8.10.6.3 Mechanical PropertiesThe average tensile strength and elongation at break for all thicknesses of sheeting shall be asspecified in Table 2, when tested in accor
23、dance with 8.11.6.4 ReflectanceThe daylight reflectance of white opaque sheeting, intended for use in curing concrete, shall be not less than70 %, when determined in accordance with 8.12.6.5 Luminous TransmittanceBlack sheeting intended for exclusion of light and for maximum resistance to weathering
24、 shallhave an average luminous transmittance not greater than 1 %, when determined in accordance with 8.13. This low level ofluminous transmittance indicates a high degree of opacity.TABLE 1 Dart Drop Impact ResistanceANominal Thickness, m (mils) Dart Drop Impact Resistance, min, g25 (1.0) 4038 (1.5
25、) 6550 (2.0) 8575 (3.0) 125100 (4.0) 165125 (5.0) 205150 (6.0) 260175 (7.0) 315200 (8.0) 370225 (9.0) 420250 (10.0) 475A Values for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.D4397 1626.6 Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)The average water vapor tran
26、smission shall not be greater than 22.0 g/m2 (1.40g/100 in.2) per 24 h for sheeting 25 m (1 mil) in thickness, when determined in accordance with 8.14. The water vaportransmission rate is inversely proportional to the thickness. Maximum limits for rate of water transmission as a function ofthickness
27、 are given in Table 3. Equivalent maximum limits in terms of permeance are given in Table 4. The WVTR requirementis not necessary for all applications (such as pallet wrap). However, Table 3 and Table 4 can be used for those cases where theWVTR is an important consideration.7. Sampling7.1 Samples fo
28、r test purposes shall be taken from rolls, selected at random from the total number of rolls in each shipment orlot, in accordance with Table 5.7.2 The samples for testing shall be full width and shall be cut at least three full turns, but not less than 1.5 m (5 ft), from eitherend of the sheeting o
29、n each roll. Normally about 2 m2 (20 ft2 ) of sheeting is needed to carry out all the tests. All the tests shallbe made on each sample roll. Rolls damaged in shipment shall not be selected for testing.7.3 The specimens to be used for a particular test shall be cut from different parts of the sheetin
30、g sample (that is, they shall notbe cut adjacent to one another), unless otherwise specified in the test.8. Test Methods8.1 GeneralThe tests given herein are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturingprocesses and inspection methods to ensure conformity of sheet
31、ing with the requirements of this specification.8.2 Production Inspection and TestingDuring the process of manufacture, the manufacturer shall make inspections and testsin accordance with methods described by this specification. The manufacturer shall keep such essential records and otherinformation
32、 to document his claim that the requirements of this specification are met with a high degree of assurance.8.3 InspectionThe samples of sheeting shall be visually inspected to determine conformance of the sheeting with therequirements of 5.1.8.4 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (7
33、3.4 6 3.6F) for not less than 40 h prior to test in accordancewith Specification D4976 or as otherwise specified by agreement. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be61C (61.8F).8.5 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) in accordance with Specification D4976 or as other
34、wisespecified by agreement. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F).8.6 In addition, for films containing fillers, co-monomers, pigments or other modifiers of a hydrophilic nature, conditioning andtesting shall be done at 50 6 10 % relative humidity. In cases of disagreement, t
35、he tolerance shall be 65 % relative humidity.8.7 ThicknessMeasure the thickness in accordance with Guide D6988.TABLE 2 Mechanical PropertiesLengthwiseDirectionCrosswiseDirectionTensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Elongation, min, %A 225 350A For films of nominal thickness of 2 mil
36、s (50 m), minimum % to be 200 and325, respectively (LD/CD).TABLE 3 Specification for Water Vapor Transmission Rate(WVTR)AWVTR (g/24hm 2)maxNominal Thickness WVTR (g/24h100in.2)maxm (mils)22.0 25 (1) 1.4011.0 50 (2) 0.707.3 75 (3) 0.475.5 100 (4) 0.354.4 125 (5) 0.283.7 150 (6) 0.233.1 175 (7) 0.202.
37、8 200 (8) 0.182.4 225 (9) 0.162.2 250 (10) 0.14A Values for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.D4397 163NOTE 3Standard commercial apparatus with foot sizes from approximately 5 to 10 mm (316 to 38 in.) in diameter and effective pressure on the
38、footfrom 0.02 to 0.17 MPa (3 to 25 psi) give essentially the same value.48.8 Length and WidthMeasurements shall be made with a calibrated 30-m (100-ft) steel tape graduated at intervals of 1 mm(116 in.). The roll shall be extended to its full length on a flat surface and all creases and buckles remo
39、ved, insofar as practical,without applying stresses that cause any significant flow. Measurements of length shall be rounded to the nearest centimetre(inches). Width shall be measured to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.) at not less than 10 locations uniformly distributed along the lengthof the roll, and t
40、he results shall be averaged.8.9 Weight The actual net weight of each roll shall be determined to the nearest 50 g (1 oz or 0.1 lb) on suitably calibratedequipment. The nominal net weight shall be calculated as follows:W5T3A3D3k (1)where:W = nominal, kg (lb),T = nominal thickness, mm (in.),A = nomin
41、al length times nominal width, mm (in.),D = density of the film as determined by Test Method D1505, g/cm3, andk = 106 for converting g/cm3 to kg/mm3 (= 0.03613 for converting g/cm3 to lb/in.3).8.10 Impact ResistanceThe impact resistance shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D1709, using
42、 Method Afor sheeting up to 250 m (10 mils) in thickness. (See Table 1.)8.11 Tensile PropertiesThe tensile properties of polyethylene sheeting shall be determined in accordance with Method A ofTest Methods D882, using ten specimens for each direction. The thickness of the specimens shall be measured
43、 in accordance with8.7.8.12 ReflectanceDetermine the daylight reflectance of the specimens in accordance with Test Method E1347.4 Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Types of thickness measuring gages are described in NationalInstitute
44、 for Standards and Technology Circular 585, The Measurement of Thickness, issued January 20, 1958. Names of manufacturers are also given.TABLE 4 Specification for PermeanceAPermeanceB (metricperms),maxNominal Thickness PermeanceC(perms),maxm (mils)0.50 25 (1) 0.760.25 50 (2) 0.380.17 75 (3) 0.250.12
45、 100 (4) 0.190.10 125 (5) 0.150.084 150 (6) 0.130.070 175 (7) 0.110.063 200 (8) 0.0960.054 225 (9) 0.0820.050 250 (10) 0.076A Values for nominal thickness other than those listed shall be determined byarithmetical interpolation.B Permeance in metric perms is found by dividing WVTR, g/24hm2, by thepr
46、essure difference of water vapor, m Hg, at the test temperature.C Permeance in perms is found by dividing WVTR, grains/hft2, by the pressuredifference of water vapor, in. Hg at the test temperature. To convert WVTR fromg/h100 in.2 to grains/hft2, multiply by 0.926.TABLE 5 Sampling for Test Procedure
47、sRolls in Shipment or Lot Rolls Sampled2 to 9 110 to 15 216 to 40 341 to 65 566 to 110 7111 to 180 10181 to 300 15301 to 500 25501 to 800 35801 to 1300 50D4397 164NOTE 4Daylight reflectance is total luminous reflectance factor, CIE tristimulus value Y for CIE 1931 (2) standard observer and CIE stand
48、ardilluminant C or D65.8.13 Luminous TransmittanceThe luminous transmittance shall be determined in accordance with Specification D2103, usingfive test specimens.8.14 Water Vapor TransmissionThe water vapor transmission rate shall be determined in accordance with Method E of TestMethods E96/E96M, us
49、ing four specimens.8.15 Heat SealabilityMeasure heat sealability in accordance with Test Methods F88, Test Method B, Dynamic Load Test.9. Packaging and Marking9.1 MarkingEach package or roll shall be marked with the nominal width, length, area in square feet or square metres,thickness of the sheeting, and the nominal net weight of the package or roll.9.2 Conformance StatementsTo allow purchasers to identify product complying with all requirements of this specification,producers choosing to produce sa
