1、Designation: D4434/D4434M 12D4434/D4434M 15Standard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4434/D4434M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexibl
3、e sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use insingle-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure
4、 minimum quality for the intendedpurpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situshrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either
5、SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standar
6、d may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicabilit
7、y of regulatory limitation prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and SheetingD
8、1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated TemperatureD2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temperature Bend TestD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadD5602 Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Sp
9、ecimensD5635 Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane SpecimensD7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Coatings Over Fabric ReinforcementG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice
10、 for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Classification3.1 Type IIReinforced sheet in which fibers are incorporated into a production process, for exa
11、mple as a carrier, withoutappreciably affecting such physical property characteristics of the finished product as tensile strength or ultimate elongation, butmay provide other desirable characteristics, such as dimensional stability.3.2 Type IIISheet that is internally reinforced with fabric and whi
12、ch may also have a fabric backing.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18 onNonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved July 15, 2012Dec. 1, 2015. Published August 2012
13、January 2016. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asD4434/D4434M 11.D4434/D4434M 12. DOI: 10.1520/D4434_D4434M-12.10.1520/D4434_D4434M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
14、nnual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not
15、be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.3 Type IVSheet that is internally reinforced with fabric and which may also have a fabric backing with minimum thicknessof 0.91 mm 0.036 in.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The sheet shall consist of poly(vinyl chloride) resin in amou
17、nts greater than 50 % of the total polymer content suitablycompounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, pigments, and other ingredients to satisfy the physical property requirements andaccelerated durability tests.4.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable of being bonded water
18、tight to itself during the design service life ofthe sheets. The manufacturer shall recommend a suitable method. Design service life is defined as the designated time period ofintended system performance.5. Physical Requirements5.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in T
19、able 1.5.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever is greater,unless otherwise specified.5.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 62C 64F of the specified temperature,unless otherwise spe
20、cified.6. Dimensions6.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchasecontract. The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 % after permitting the sheet to relax for 1 h at 21 6 3C 70 6 5F.6.2 The thickness tolerance shall be
21、 610 % of the thickness agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in no case shall thethickness be less than the minimum in Table 1.6.3 The sheet shall have a minimum coating or laminant thickness of 0.40 mm 0.016 in. above the cross points of any fabricor fiber and the surface exposed to the w
22、eather.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The sheet and any factory seams shall be watertight. It shall be visually free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,undispersed raw material, protruding fibers or reinforcement, or other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability.7.2 T
23、he sheet shall be visually free of nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations, or other defects.7.3 The sheet shall lay straight and flat to permit seaming without fishmouths.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) SheetProperty Type II Type III Type IVOverall thickness of PVC s
24、heet, min, mm in. 1.14 0.045 1.14 0.045 0.91 0.036Thickness over scrim, min. mm in.A 0.40 0.016 0.40 0.016 0.40 0.016Breaking strength, min, N lbf/in. 245 55 890 200 1223 275Elongation at break, min, %:Machine direction 250 15B 25BCross-machine direction 220 15B 25BSeam strength, min, % of tensile o
25、r breaking strength 75 75 75Retention of properties after heat aging:Tensile strength, min, % of original 90 . .Breaking strength, min, % of original . 90 90Elongation, min, % of original 90 90 90Tear resistance, min, N lbf 45.0 10.0 . .Tearing strength, min, N lbf . 200 45.0 400 90.0Low temperature
26、 bend pass pass passAccelerated weathering test:Cracking (7 magnification) none none noneCrazing (7 magnification) none none noneLinear dimensional change, max, % 0.1 0.5 0.5Change in weight after immersion in water, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0Static Puncture Resistance pass pass passDynamic Puncture Resista
27、nce passC passC passCA Above the cross points of any fabric or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.B For reinforcing fabric only; elongation of PVC material shall be the same as Type II.C For Type II products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energy level of 10 J min. For Type III
28、products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energy levelof 20 J min.D4434/D4434M 1528. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in accordance with the individual test methods.8.2 Overall ThicknessTest Method D638 for Type II and Test Method D751 for Type II, III, and Type IV.
29、8.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (Reinforcing Fabric)Test Method D7635/D7635MFollow preparation test methods asspecified in Test Method D7635/D7635M. The thickness measurements shall be conducted as described in the test method on thecoating on the side intended to be exposed to the weather.8.4 B
30、reaking StrengthTest Methods D751, Procedure B1 in. strip for Type II and Procedure A for Type III and IV.8.5 Elongation at BreakTest Method D751, Procedure B1 in. strip for Type II and Procedure A for Type III and IV.8.6 Seam StrengthTest Method D751, Procedure B1 in. strip for Type II and Procedur
31、e A for Type III and IV. All testingshall be performed on seamed specimens with the passing criteria specified as a percent of either unseamed sample tensile strengthat break or unseamed sample breaking strength, dependent on type.8.7 Heat AgingPractice D3045 at 80 6 1C 176 6 2F for 56 days 6 1 h.8.
32、8 Tear ResistanceTest Method D1004, for Type II.8.9 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D751, B-Tongue Tear Method, for Type III and Type IV. Specimen size shall be 200 200mm 8 8 in.8.10 Low Temperature Bend TestTest Method D2136, at 40C 40F.8.11 Accelerated WeatheringPerform accelerated weathering for 500
33、0 h using the exposure described either in 8.10.18.11.1or 8.10.28.11.2. Choice of apparatus and exposure conditions selected shall be by mutual agreement among the interested parties.The two different types of exposures may produce different test results. Therefore, they cannot be used interchangeab
34、ly withoutsupporting data that demonstrates equivalency of the procedures for the materials tested. Refer to Practice G151 for cautionaryguidance regarding laboratory weathering.8.11.1 Xenon Arc Light ExposurePractice G155 apparatus shall be operated in accordance with the following conditions:Filte
35、r Type DaylightIrradianceSet Point0.35 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. Themaximum allowableoperational fluctuation of theirradiance setting is(0.02 W/(m2nm).Cycle 102 min light, 18 min light plus waterspray onthe front surface.Black PanelTemperature,uninsulated63C 145F during the dry period.The maximumallowable
36、 operational fluctuation is2.5C 5F.Relative Humidity 30 %. The maximum allowableoperationalfluctuation is 5 %.Chamber AirTemperature(where applicable)44C 111F. The maximumallowable operationalfluctuation is 2C 3.6F.Spray Water Deionized. Refer to Practice G155,Section 6.6.1.Typical water temperature
37、 used forspecimen spray is21 5C 70 9F, but if ambienttemperature is low and holding tankis not used to storepurified water, the water temperaturecan be below thetypical range.IrradianceUniformityRefer to Practice G155.8.11.2 Fluorescent UV/Condensation ExposurePractice G154 apparatus shall be operat
38、ed in accordance with the followingconditions: Using fluorescent UVA 340 lamps. Iirradiance level shall be 0.68 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm. The maximum allowableoperational fluctuation of the irradiance setting is 60.02 W/(m2nm). Cycle 8 h light at 60C 145F, 4 h condensation at 50C122F uninsulated black pan
39、el temperature. The maximum allowable operational fluctuation is 62.5C 65F.D4434/D4434M 153NOTE 1If the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximum allowable after the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test and correct thecause of the problem before continuing.8.12 Linear Dimension
40、al ChangeTest Method D1204, 6 h at 80 6 1C 176 6 2F.8.13 Change in Weight After Immersion in WaterTest Method D570, except for 168 6 1 h at 70 6 1C 158 6 2F.8.14 Static Puncture Resistance ResistanceTest Method D5602, at a load of 15 kg 33 lbf min at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F.8.15 Dynamic Puncture Resistance
41、ResistanceTest Method D5635, at an energy of 10 J min at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F forType II and an energy of 20 J min for Type III and Type IV.9. Inspection and Special Testing9.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and test his production to ensure compliance of the product with this specification.9.2 The purch
42、aser may, in the contract, order special tests that the supplier shall be required to make beyond those describedin Table 1.9.3 If the results of any tests do not conform to the requirements of this specification, retesting to determine conformity shallbe performed as agreed upon between the purchas
43、er and the supplier.10. Rejection and Resubmittal10.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirements prescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds for rejection.Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptly and in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect the reject
44、ed shipmentand resubmit the lot after removal of those packages not conforming to the specified requirements.11. Product Marking11.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to be exposed to the weather with this ASTM designation, the name ofthe manufacturer or supplier, or PVC. The type o
45、f identification is at the manufacturers option. Such identification shall occur atintervals not to exceed 3 m 9.84 ft in the long direction. The identification shall be applied in such a manner as to be legible fiveyears from installation. Identification shall not be required when so specified by p
46、urchaser.12. Packaging and Package Marking12.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core and packaged in a standard commercial manner, unless otherwisespecified, so as to be acceptable by commercial or other carriers for safe transportation to the point of delivery.12.2 Shipping containers
47、shall be marked with:12.2.1 Name of the material,12.2.2 Product code,12.2.3 ASTM designation number, type and grade,12.2.4 Size and quantity as defined by the contract order,12.2.5 Name of the manufacturer or supplier, and12.2.6 Number of the contract order.13. Keywords13.1 fillers; flexible sheet;
48、physical properties; plasticizers; poly(vinyl chloride) resin; PVC; reinforcing fabrics; reinforcingfibers; seams; single-ply roofing membrane; stabilizersANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. THICKNESS OF COATING OVER FABRIC REINFORCEMENT TEST METHOD D7635/D7635MA1.1 Follow preparation procedures as spec
49、ified in Test Method D7635/D7635M. The thickness measurements shall be conductedas described in the test method on the coating on the side intended to be exposed to the weather.D4434/D4434M 154ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid
