1、Designation: D 4469 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forCalculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate inan Asphalt Pavement Mixture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers equations for calculating percentasphalt absorption by the a
3、ggregate in an asphalt pavingmixture, expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of theaggregate in the paving mixture. This calculation is based onmeasured values for components and properties of an oven-dryasphalt paving mixture.1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of thesafety concern
4、s, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative De
5、nsity (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD 1560 Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation andCohesion of Bituminous M
6、ixtures by Means of HveemApparatusD 2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD 2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitu-men From Bituminous Paving MixturesD 3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and SolidBituminous Materials
7、(Nickel Crucible Method)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The percent asphalt absorption for an oven-dry pavingmixture (expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of the totalaggregate in the paving mixture) can be calculated by means ofequations in which measured values for the theoretical maxi-mum speci
8、fic gravity of an oven-dry paving mixture, its asphaltcontent (expressed either as percent of the total mass of asample of oven-dry paving mixture, or as percent of the massof oven-dry aggregate in a sample of oven-dry paving mix-ture), the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt and theweighted av
9、erage ASTM bulk specific gravity of the oven-drytotal aggregate in the paving mixture (Note 1), has beensubstituted.NOTE 1Whenever it is referred to in this practice, the phrase,“weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the aggre-gate,” refers to the weighted average of the ASTM oven-
10、dry bulk specificgravities of the coarse and fine aggregates as determined by Test MethodsC 127 and C 128. The fine aggregate ordinarily includes the mineral dustportion of the fine aggregate that passes the No. 200 sieve. The weightedaverage ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the total aggregat
11、e is tobe calculated by means of the equation given in the calculation section ofTest Method C 127.4. Significance and Use4.1 The amount of asphalt absorbed by the aggregatecontributes little or nothing to the durability of an asphaltpavement in service other than possibly providing greaterresistanc
12、e to stripping in the presence of water.4.2 Percent asphalt absorption can be an indicator ofchanges that may occur in plant mix production duringconstruction.4.3 The calculated percent asphalt absorption can be usedfor calculating percent air voids during paving mixture design.5. Procedure5.1 Deter
13、mine percent asphalt absorption by the aggregatein a paving mixture for a sample of oven-dried paving mixturethat is prepared in a laboratory, taken from a pavement, orobtained for quality control during construction.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Ma
14、terials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4469 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
15、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Establish percent as
16、phalt absorption by the aggregate ina sample of oven-dried paving mixture from values for thesample that have been obtained in accordance with the follow-ing ASTM test methods:5.2.1 Test Method D 2041, theoretical maximum specificgravity of the sample of oven-dry paving mixture.5.2.2 Test Methods D
17、2172, asphalt content. For samples ofpaving mixture obtained for quality control during construc-tion, or taken from a pavement, determine the asphalt contentof each sample by Test Methods D 2172. For samples ofhot-mixed asphalt paving mixture prepared in the laboratorywith oven-dried aggregate acco
18、rding to Test Method D 1560,use the asphalt content that was added during the preparation ofthe paving mixture.5.2.3 Test Method D 3289, the apparent specific gravity ofthe asphalt in the sample of paving mixture.5.2.4 Test Methods C 127 and C 128, the respective ASTMdry bulk specific gravities of t
19、he coarse and fine aggregates inthe sample of paving mixture.5.2.5 Test Method C 136, to establish the percentages ofcoarse and fine aggregates employed for or recovered from thesample of paving mixture, and thereby enable the weightedaverage ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity for the totalaggregat
20、e in the sample of paving mixture to be calculated(using the equation given in the calculation section of TestMethod C 127).6. Calculation6.1 Paving Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-pressed as Percent by Mass of the Total Mix in a Sample ofOven-Dry Paving Mixture:6.1.1 When the values for th
21、e various items in 5.2 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-drypaving mixture, by substituting the relevant values in thefollowing equation:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2 Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 Ptac!GtmG(1)where:Aac = abs
22、orbed asphalt as percent by mass of the oven-dryaggregate.Ptac= asphalt content as percent by mass of the total mixin the sample of oven-dry paving mixture.Gac= apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in thepaving mixture sample.Gag= weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specificgravity of the total
23、aggregate in the sample ofpaving mixture.Gtm= theoretical maximum specific gravity of the sampleof oven-dry paving mixture.6.2 Paving Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-pressed as Percent of the Mass of the Oven-Dry Total Aggre-gate in a Sample of Oven-Dry Paving Mixture.6.2.1 When the values
24、for the various items in 5.2 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the aggregate in the sample of oven-drypaving mixture by substituting the relevant values in thefollowing equation:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag2100 1 Paac!Gac!100 GtmG(2)where:Paac= asphalt c
25、ontent as percent of the mass ofthe oven-dry total aggregate in a sample ofoven-dry paving mixture.and = the other symbols have the significancedesignated for them in 6.1.1.NOTE 2The calculated percent asphalt absorption increases with anincrease in theoretical maximum specific gravity of a paving m
26、ixture,increases with an increase in its asphalt content, decreases with anincrease in the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt, and decreases withan increase in the total aggregates weighted average ASTM oven-drybulk specific gravity.7. Report7.1 Report asphalt absorption as percent of the oven
27、-drymass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry pavingmixture to the nearest 0.1 %. The precision of the reportedvalue for percent asphalt absorption depends on the accuracy ofthe value measured for each of the four variables that areincluded in either Eq 1 or Eq 2. Errors in these measure
28、d valuescan have a major influence on the value for percent asphaltabsorption. The influence of these errors on the calculatedvalue for percent asphalt absorption is illustrated by the data inX1.2.1 in Appendix X1.7.2 Report the value for each of the four variables that areincluded either in Eq 1 or
29、 Eq 2 as follows:7.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of the oven-drysample of paving mixture.7.2.2 Asphalt content as percent of the mass of the oven-drysample of paving mixture, Eq 1, or asphalt content as percentof the mass of the oven-dry total aggregate in a sample ofoven-dry paving mixtu
30、re, Eq 2.7.2.3 Apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in the sampleof paving mixture.7.2.4 Weighted averageASTM oven-dry bulk specific grav-ity for the total aggregate in the sample of paving mixture.8. Keywords8.1 aggregate-asphalt absorption; asphalt absorption; as-phalt mixtureD 4469 01 (2006)2
31、APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLE CALCULATIONSX1.1 Sample Calculations for Percent AsphaltAbsorptionX1.1.1 The usefulness and bias of Eq 1 and Eq 2 fordetermining the percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate ina sample of asphalt paving mixture is illustrated by thefollowing sample cal
32、culations:X1.1.2 Numerical CalculationAssume the following:X1.1.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of an oven-dry sample of paving mixture = 2.501.X1.1.2.2 Asphalt content of oven-dry paving mixturesample expressed as percent by mass of total mix = 6.2 (for usewith Eq 1).X1.1.2.3 Corresponding
33、 asphalt content of oven-dry pavingmixture sample expressed as percent by mass of the oven-drytotal aggregate in the sample56.293.83 100 5 6.61 for use with Eq 2!.X1.1.2.4 Apparent specific gravity of asphalt in pavingmixture sample = 1.015.X1.1.2.5 Weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specificgravit
34、y of the total aggregate in the paving mixturesample = 2.673.X1.1.2.6 Basis of calculation100 cc of paving mixture atits theoretical maximum specific gravity.X1.1.2.7 Mass of 100 cc of paving mixture = 250.1 gX1.1.2.8 Mass of asphalt =6.2100 3 250.1 = 15.51 gX1.1.2.9 Volume of asphalt =15.511.015 =
35、15.28 ccX1.1.2.10 Mass of aggregate =93.8100 3 250.1 = 234.59 gX1.1.2.11 Volume of aggregate =234.592.673 = 87.76 ccX1.1.2.12 Volume of asphalt plus volume of aggre-gate = 15.28 + 87.76 = 103.04 ccThe difference between 103.04 cc and the original 100 ccrepresents the volume of asphalt absorbed into
36、the pores of theindividual aggregate particles.Consequently:Volume of absorbed asphalt 5 103.04 2 100 5 3.04 ccMass of absorbed asphalt 5 3.04 3 1.015 5 3.09 gPercent asphalt absorption 53.09234.593 100 5 1.32NOTE X1.1The above sample calculation employed asphalt contentexpressed as percent of mass
37、of oven-dry total mix. An identical percentasphalt absorption value is obtained when the calculations are based onasphalt content expressed as percent by mass of the total oven-dryaggregate in the oven-dry paving mixture sample.X1.1.3 Substitution in Eq 1:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 P
38、tac!GtmGAac 5 100F6.293.811.0152.6732100!1.015!93.8!2.501!G5 1000.066 1 0.380 2 0.433!5 1000.446 2 0.433!5 1000.013! 5 1.3 %X1.1.4 Substitution in Eq 2:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag2100 1 Paac!100GtmGac!G5F6.6110011.0152.6732106.61!1.015!100! 2.501!G5 1000.066 1 0.380 2 0.433!5 1000.446 2 0.433!5 1000.01
39、3! 5 1.3 %Therefore, by means of either Eq 1 or Eq 2, the percentasphalt absorption into the pores of the aggregate particles in asample of asphalt paving mixture can be determined as soon aseach of the four variables that are included in these equationshave been evaluated.X1.2 Influence of Errors i
40、n Each of the Four VariablesIncluded in Either Eq 1 or Eq 2 on Percent AsphaltAbsorptionX1.2.1 The influence of errors in the measurement of eachof the four variables (a) the theoretical maximum specificgravity of an oven-dry paving mixture, (b) its asphalt contentexpressed either as percent of the
41、mass of the sample ofoven-dry paving mixture, Eq 1, or as percent of the mass ofoven-dry total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry pavingmixture, Eq 2, (c) the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt inthe paving mixture, and (d) the weighted average ASTM bulkspecific gravity of the oven-dry total
42、aggregate in the pavingmixture, is illustrated for each variable in turn in the followingtable, for which it is assumed that the correct value for each ofthese four variables for a typical asphalt paving mixture islisted in the first row (previously used for the sample calcula-tions in X1.1.2). It s
43、hould be particularly noted that therelatively small range of errors recorded for each variable inthe table that follows, is within the limits of the ASTMprecision statement for reproducibility for that variable. InTable X1.1, the effect on asphalt absorption of these limitederrors in each of the fo
44、ur variables, is shown for each variablein turn while the other three variables are held constant. Eachvariable being changed in turn within its range of reproduc-ibility is marked by the symbol (a).X1.2.2 The minimum and maximum values or percentasphalt absorption that could occur on the basis of t
45、he data inTable X1.1 due to the most fortuitous combination of errorslisted for the determination of the four variables are shown inTable X1.2.X1.2.3 Consequently, even when errors in each variable inEq 1 or Eq 2 for asphalt absorption are within the ASTMD 4469 01 (2006)3reproducibility precision li
46、mits for that variable, in the case ofthe sample calculations illustrated in X1.1.2, X1.1.3, andX1.1.4, the reported value for percent asphalt absorption couldrange from 0.38 to 3.05 as extreme limits.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
47、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
48、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co
49、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or ser
