1、Designation: D4469 11Standard Practice forCalculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate inan Asphalt Pavement Mixture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers equations for calculating percentasphalt absorption by the aggregate in an asphal
3、t pavingmixture, expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of theaggregate in the paving mixture. This calculation is based onmeasured values for components and properties of an oven-dryasphalt paving mixture.1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
4、 with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity
5、), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD1560 Test Methods for Resistance to Deformation andCohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem
6、ApparatusD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitu-men From Bituminous Paving MixturesD3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and SolidBituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)D412
7、5 Test Methods for Asphalt Content of BituminousMixtures by the Nuclear MethodD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix As-phalt by Ignition MethodD6857 Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity andDensity of Bituminous Pavi
8、ng Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The percent asphalt absorption for an oven-dry pavingmixture (expressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of the totalaggregate in the paving mixture) can be calculated by means ofequations in which measured values for the th
9、eoretical maxi-mum specific gravity of an oven-dry paving mixture, its asphaltcontent (expressed either as percent of the total mass of asample of oven-dry paving mixture, or as percent of the massof oven-dry aggregate in a sample of oven-dry paving mix-ture), the apparent specific gravity of the as
10、phalt and theweighted average ASTM bulk specific gravity of the oven-drytotal aggregate in the paving mixture (Note 1).NOTE 1Whenever it is referred to in this practice, the phrase,“weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the aggre-gate,” refers to the weighted average of the ASTM ov
11、en-dry bulk specificgravities of the coarse and fine aggregates as determined by Test MethodsC127 and C128. The fine aggregate ordinarily includes the mineral dustportion of the fine aggregate that passes the No. 200 sieve. The weightedaverage ASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity of the total aggrega
12、te is tobe calculated by means of the equation given in the calculation section ofTest Method C127.4. Significance and Use4.1 The amount of asphalt absorbed by the aggregatecontributes little or nothing to the durability of an asphaltpavement in service other than possibly providing greaterresistanc
13、e to stripping in the presence of water.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1985. Las
14、t previous edition approved in 2006 as D4469 01(2006).DOI: 10.1520/D4469-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
15、e ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Percent asphalt absorption can be an indicator ofchanges that may occur in plant mix production duringconstruction.4.3 The calculated percent asphalt absorption can b
16、e usedfor calculating percent air voids during paving mixture design.5. Procedure5.1 Determine percent asphalt absorption by the aggregatein a paving mixture for a sample of oven-dried paving mixturethat is prepared in a laboratory, taken from a pavement, orobtained for quality control during constr
17、uction.5.2 Establish percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate ina sample of oven-dried paving mixture from values for thesample that have been obtained in accordance with the follow-ing ASTM test methods:5.2.1 Test Method D2041 or D6857, theoretical maximumspecific gravity of the sample of oven-d
18、ry paving mixture.5.2.2 Test Method D2172, D4125 or D6307, asphalt con-tent. For samples of paving mixture obtained for qualitycontrol during construction, or taken from a pavement, deter-mine the asphalt content of each sample by Test MethodsD2172, D4125 or D6307. For samples of hot-mixed asphaltpa
19、ving mixture prepared in the laboratory with oven-driedaggregate according to Test Method D1560, use the asphaltcontent that was added during the preparation of the pavingmixture.5.2.3 Test Method D3289, the apparent specific gravity ofthe asphalt in the sample of paving mixture.5.2.4 Test Methods C
20、127 and C128, the respective ASTMdry bulk specific gravities of the coarse and fine aggregates inthe sample of paving mixture.5.2.5 Test Method C136 or D5444, to establish the percent-ages of coarse and fine aggregates employed for or recoveredfrom the sample of paving mixture, and thereby enable th
21、eweighted averageASTM oven-dry bulk specific gravity for thetotal aggregate in the sample of paving mixture to be calculated(using the equation given in the calculation section of TestMethod C127).6. Calculation6.1 Paving Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-pressed as Percent by Mass of the Tot
22、al Mix in a Sample ofOven-Dry Paving Mixture:6.1.1 When the values for the various items in 5.2 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-drypaving mixture, by substituting the relevant values in thefollowing equatio
23、n:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2 Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 Ptac!GtmG(1)where:Aac = absorbed asphalt as percent by mass of the oven-dryaggregate.Ptac= asphalt content as percent by mass of the total mixin the sample of oven-dry paving mixture.Gac= apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in thepaving mixture samp
24、le.Gag= weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specificgravity of the total aggregate in the sample ofpaving mixture.Gtm= theoretical maximum specific gravity of the sampleof oven-dry paving mixture.6.2 Paving Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-pressed as Percent of the Mass of the Oven-Dry Total
25、 Aggre-gate in a Sample of Oven-Dry Paving Mixture.6.2.1 When the values for the various items in 5.2 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the aggregate in the sample of oven-drypaving mixture by substituting the relevant values in thefollowing equation
26、:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag2100 1 Paac!Gac!100 GtmG(2)where:Paac= asphalt content as percent of the mass ofthe oven-dry total aggregate in a sample ofoven-dry paving mixture.and = the other symbols have the significancedesignated for them in 6.1.1.NOTE 2The calculated percent asphalt absorption increa
27、ses with anincrease in theoretical maximum specific gravity of a paving mixture,increases with an increase in its asphalt content, decreases with anincrease in the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt, and decreases withan increase in the total aggregates weighted average ASTM oven-drybulk speci
28、fic gravity.7. Report7.1 Report asphalt absorption as percent of the oven-drymass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry pavingmixture to the nearest 0.1 %. The precision of the reportedvalue for percent asphalt absorption depends on the accuracy ofthe value measured for each of the four v
29、ariables that areincluded in either Eq 1 or Eq 2. Errors in these measured valuescan have a major influence on the value for percent asphaltabsorption. The influence of these errors on the calculatedvalue for percent asphalt absorption is illustrated by the data inX1.2.1 in Appendix X1.7.2 Report th
30、e value for each of the four variables that areincluded either in Eq 1 or Eq 2 as follows:7.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of the oven-drysample of paving mixture.7.2.2 Asphalt content as percent of the mass of the oven-drysample of paving mixture, Eq 1, or asphalt content as percentof the
31、 mass of the oven-dry total aggregate in a sample ofoven-dry paving mixture, Eq 2.7.2.3 Apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in the sampleof paving mixture.7.2.4 Weighted averageASTM oven-dry bulk specific grav-ity for the total aggregate in the sample of paving mixture.8. Keywords8.1 aggregate-
32、asphalt absorption; asphalt absorption; as-phalt mixtureD4469 112APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLE CALCULATIONSX1.1 Sample Calculations for Percent AsphaltAbsorptionX1.1.1 The usefulness and bias of Eq 1 and Eq 2 fordetermining the percent asphalt absorption by the aggregate ina sample of
33、 asphalt paving mixture is illustrated by thefollowing sample calculations:X1.1.2 Numerical CalculationAssume the following:X1.1.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of an oven-dry sample of paving mixture = 2.501.X1.1.2.2 Asphalt content of oven-dry paving mixturesample expressed as percent by
34、mass of total mix = 6.2 (for usewith Eq 1).X1.1.2.3 Corresponding asphalt content of oven-dry pavingmixture sample expressed as percent by mass of the oven-drytotal aggregate in the sample56.293.83 100 5 6.61 for use with Eq 2!.X1.1.2.4 Apparent specific gravity of asphalt in pavingmixture sample =
35、1.015.X1.1.2.5 Weighted average ASTM oven-dry bulk specificgravity of the total aggregate in the paving mixturesample = 2.673.X1.1.2.6 Basis of calculation100 cc of paving mixture atits theoretical maximum specific gravity.X1.1.2.7 Mass of 100 cc of paving mixture = 250.1 gX1.1.2.8 Mass of asphalt =
36、6.2100 3 250.1 = 15.51 gX1.1.2.9 Volume of asphalt =15.511.015 = 15.28 ccX1.1.2.10 Mass of aggregate =93.8100 3 250.1 = 234.59 gX1.1.2.11 Volume of aggregate =234.592.673 = 87.76 ccX1.1.2.12 Volume of asphalt plus volume of aggre-gate = 15.28 + 87.76 = 103.04 ccThe difference between 103.04 cc and t
37、he original 100 ccrepresents the volume of asphalt absorbed into the pores of theindividual aggregate particles.Consequently:Volume of absorbed asphalt 5 103.04 2 100 5 3.04 ccMass of absorbed asphalt 5 3.04 3 1.015 5 3.09 gPercent asphalt absorption 53.09234.593 100 5 1.32NOTE X1.1The above sample
38、calculation employed asphalt contentexpressed as percent of mass of oven-dry total mix. An identical percentasphalt absorption value is obtained when the calculations are based onasphalt content expressed as percent by mass of the total oven-dryaggregate in the oven-dry paving mixture sample.X1.1.3
39、Substitution in Eq 1:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 Ptac!GtmGAac 5 100F6.293.811.0152.6732100!1.015!93.8!2.501!G5 1000.066 1 0.380 2 0.433!5 1000.446 2 0.433!5 1000.013! 5 1.3 %X1.1.4 Substitution in Eq 2:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag2100 1 Paac!100GtmGac!G5F6.6110011.0152.6732106.61!1.015!10
40、0! 2.501!G5 1000.066 1 0.380 2 0.433!5 1000.446 2 0.433!5 1000.013! 5 1.3 %Therefore, by means of either Eq 1 or Eq 2, the percentasphalt absorption into the pores of the aggregate particles in asample of asphalt paving mixture can be determined as soon aseach of the four variables that are included
41、 in these equationshave been evaluated.X1.2 Influence of Errors in Each of the Four VariablesIncluded in Either Eq 1 or Eq 2 on Percent AsphaltAbsorptionX1.2.1 The influence of errors in the measurement of eachof the four variables (a) the theoretical maximum specificgravity of an oven-dry paving mi
42、xture, (b) its asphalt contentexpressed either as percent of the mass of the sample ofoven-dry paving mixture, Eq 1, or as percent of the mass ofoven-dry total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry pavingmixture, Eq 2, (c) the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt inthe paving mixture, and (d) the
43、weighted average ASTM bulkspecific gravity of the oven-dry total aggregate in the pavingmixture, is illustrated for each variable in turn in the followingtable, for which it is assumed that the correct value for each ofthese four variables for a typical asphalt paving mixture islisted in the first r
44、ow (previously used for the sample calcula-tions in X1.1.2). It should be particularly noted that therelatively small range of errors recorded for each variable inthe table that follows, is within the limits of the ASTMprecision statement for reproducibility for that variable. InTable X1.1, the effe
45、ct on asphalt absorption of these limitederrors in each of the four variables, is shown for each variablein turn while the other three variables are held constant. Eachvariable being changed in turn within its range of reproduc-ibility is marked by the symbol (a).X1.2.2 The minimum and maximum value
46、s or percentasphalt absorption that could occur on the basis of the data inTable X1.1 due to the most fortuitous combination of errorslisted for the determination of the four variables are shown inTable X1.2.D4469 113X1.2.3 Consequently, even when errors in each variable inEq 1 or Eq 2 for asphalt a
47、bsorption are within the ASTMreproducibility precision limits for that variable, in the case ofthe sample calculations illustrated in X1.1.2, X1.1.3, andX1.1.4, the reported value for percent asphalt absorption couldrange from 0.38 to 3.05 as extreme limits.ASTM International takes no position respe
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