1、Designation: D4469 17Standard Practice forCalculating Percent Asphalt Absorption by the Aggregate inAsphalt Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers equations for calculating percentasphalt absorption by the aggregate in an asphalt mixture,e
3、xpressed as percent of the oven-dry mass of the aggregate inthe asphalt mixture. This calculation is based on measuredvalues for components and properties of an oven-dry asphaltmixture.1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establ
5、ished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Abso
6、rption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Fine AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD1561 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture TestSpec
7、imens by Means of California Kneading CompactorD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of BitumenFrom Bituminous Paving MixturesD3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and SolidAsphalt Mater
8、ials (Nickel Crucible Method)D4125 Test Methods for Asphalt Content of BituminousMixtures by the Nuclear MethodD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Asphalt Mixtureby Ignition MethodD6857 Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravit
9、y andDensity of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing Method3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D8.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The percent asphalt absorption for an oven-dry asphaltmixture (expressed as percent of the oven-dry mas
10、s of the totalaggregate in the mixture) can be calculated by means ofequations in which measured values for the theoretical maxi-mum specific gravity of an oven-dry asphalt mixture, itsasphalt content (expressed either as percent of the total mass ofa sample of oven-dry asphalt mixture, or as percen
11、t of the massof oven-dry aggregate in a sample of oven-dry asphaltmixture), the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt, and theweighted average bulk specific gravity of the oven-dry totalaggregate in the asphalt mixture (Note 1).NOTE 1Whenever it is referred to in this practice, the phrase,“weight
12、ed average bulk specific gravity of the aggregate,” refers to theweighted average of the oven-dry bulk specific gravities of the coarse andfine aggregates as determined by Test Methods C127 and C128. The fineaggregate ordinarily includes the mineral dust portion of the fine aggregatethat passes the
13、No. 200 sieve. The weighted average oven-dry bulkspecific gravity of the total aggregate is to be calculated by means of theequation given in the calculation section of Test Method C127.5. Significance and Use5.1 The amount of asphalt absorbed by the aggregatecontributes little or nothing to the dur
14、ability of an asphalt1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition ap
15、proved in 2011 as D4469 11. DOI:10.1520/D4469-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright AS
16、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Sta
17、ndards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1pavement in service other than possibly providing greaterresistance to stripping in the presence of water.5.2 Percent asphalt absorption can be an indicator ofchanges that may occur
18、 in plant mix production duringconstruction.5.3 The calculated percent asphalt absorption can be usedfor calculating percent air voids during asphalt mixture design.6. Procedure6.1 For samples of oven-dried asphalt mixes, establishpercent asphalt absorption by the aggregate in accordance withthe fol
19、lowing test methods:6.1.1 Test Method D2041 or D6857, theoretical maximumspecific gravity of the sample of oven-dry asphalt mixture.6.1.2 Test Method D2172, D4125,orD6307, asphalt con-tent. For samples of asphalt mixture obtained for qualitycontrol during construction, or taken from a pavement, dete
20、r-mine the asphalt content of each sample by Test MethodD2172, D4125,orD6307. For samples of asphalt mixturesprepared in the laboratory with oven-dried aggregate accordingto Practice D1561, use the asphalt content that was addedduring the preparation of the asphalt mixture.6.1.3 Test Method D3289, t
21、he apparent specific gravity ofthe asphalt in the asphalt mixture.6.1.4 Test Methods C127 and C128, the respective oven-drybulk specific gravities of the coarse and fine aggregates in theasphalt mixture.6.1.5 Test Method C136 or D5444, to establish the percent-ages of coarse and fine aggregates empl
22、oyed for or recoveredfrom the mixture sample, and thereby enable the weightedaverage oven-dry bulk specific gravity for the total aggregate inthe mixture sample to be calculated (using the equation givenin the calculation section of Test Method C127).7. Calculation7.1 Asphalt Mixtures for Which Asph
23、alt Content is Ex-pressed as Percent by Mass of the Total Mix in a Sample ofOven-Dry Asphalt Mixture:7.1.1 When the values for the various items in 6.1 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-dryasphalt mixture, by
24、 substituting the relevant values in thefollowing equation:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2 Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 Ptac!GtmG(1)where:Aac = absorbed asphalt as percent by mass of the oven-dryaggregate,Ptac= asphalt content as percent by mass of the total mix inthe sample of oven-dry asphalt mixture,Gac= apparent
25、 specific gravity of the asphalt in the mixturesample,Gag= weighted average oven-dry bulk specific gravity ofthe total aggregate in the mixture sample, andGtm= theoretical maximum specific gravity of the sample ofthe oven-dry mixture sample.7.2 Asphalt Mixtures for Which Asphalt Content is Ex-presse
26、d as Percent of the Mass of the Oven-Dry Total Aggre-gate in a Sample of Oven-Dry Asphalt Mixture:7.2.1 When the values for the various items in 6.1 becomeavailable, calculate the asphalt absorption as percent of theoven-dry mass of the aggregate in the sample of oven-dryasphalt mixture by substitut
27、ing the relevant values in thefollowing equation:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag21001Paac!Gac!100 GtmG(2)where:Paac= asphalt content as percent of the mass of the oven-drytotal aggregate in a sample of oven-dry asphaltmixture.The other symbols have the significance designated for themin 7.1.1.NOTE 2The cal
28、culated percent asphalt absorption increases with anincrease in theoretical maximum specific gravity of an asphalt mixture,increases with an increase in its asphalt content, decreases with anincrease in the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt, and decreases withan increase in the total aggregat
29、es weighted average oven-dry bulkspecific gravity.8. Report8.1 Report asphalt absorption as percent of the oven-drymass of the total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry asphaltmixture to the nearest 0.1 %. The precision of the reportedvalue for percent asphalt absorption depends on the accuracy ofth
30、e value measured for each of the four variables that areincluded in either Eq 1 or Eq 2. Errors in these measured valuescan have a major influence on the value for percent asphaltabsorption. The influence of these errors on the calculatedvalue for percent asphalt absorption is illustrated by the dat
31、a inX1.2.1 in Appendix X1.8.2 Report the value for each of the four variables that areincluded either in Eq 1 or Eq 2 as follows:8.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of the oven-dryasphalt mixture sample.8.2.2 Asphalt content as percent of the mass of the oven-dryasphalt mixture sample, Eq 1,
32、or asphalt content as percent ofthe mass of the oven-dry total aggregate in the asphalt mixturesample, Eq 2.8.2.3 Apparent specific gravity of the asphalt in the asphaltmixture sample.8.2.4 Weighted average oven-dry bulk specific gravity forthe total aggregate in the asphalt mixture sample.9. Keywor
33、ds9.1 aggregate-asphalt absorption; asphalt absorption; as-phalt mixtureD4469 172APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLE CALCULATIONSX1.1 Sample Calculations for Percent Asphalt Absorp-tionX1.1.1 The usefulness and bias of Eq 1 and Eq 2 fordetermining the percent asphalt absorption by the aggre
34、gate ina sample of asphalt mixture is illustrated by the followingsample calculations:X1.1.2 Numerical CalculationAssume the following:X1.1.2.1 Theoretical maximum specific gravity of an oven-dry sample of paving mixture = 2.501.X1.1.2.2 Asphalt content of oven-dry asphalt mixturesample expressed as
35、 percent by mass of total mix = 7.2 (for usewith Eq 1).X1.1.2.3 Corresponding asphalt content of oven-dry pavingmixture sample expressed as percent by mass of the oven-drytotal aggregate in the sample56.293.83100 5 6.61 for use withEq. 2!X1.1.2.4 Apparent specific gravity of asphalt in asphaltmixtur
36、e sample = 1.015.X1.1.2.5 Weighted average oven-dry bulk specific gravityof the total aggregate in the asphalt mixture sample = 2.673.X1.1.2.6 Basis of calculation100 cc of asphalt mixture atits theoretical maximum specific gravity.X1.1.2.7 Mass of 100 cc of asphalt mixture = 250.1 gX1.1.2.8 Mass of
37、 asphalt =6.2100 250.1 = 15.51 gX1.1.2.9 Volume of asphalt =15.511.015 = 15.28 ccX1.1.2.10 Mass of aggregate =93.8100 250.1 = 234.59 gX1.1.2.11 Volume of aggregate =234.592.673 = 87.76 ccX1.1.2.12 Volume of asphalt plus volume of aggre-gate = 15.28 + 87.76 = 103.04 ccThe difference between 103.04 cc
38、 and the original 100 ccrepresents the volume of asphalt absorbed into the pores of theindividual aggregate particles.Consequently:Volume of absorbed asphalt 5 103.04 2 100 5 3.04ccMass of absorbed asphalt 5 3.04 31.015 5 3.09gPercent asphalt absorption 53.09234.593100 5 1.32NOTE X1.1The above sampl
39、e calculation employed asphalt contentexpressed as percent of mass of oven-dry total mix. An identical percentasphalt absorption value is obtained when the calculations are based onasphalt content expressed as percent by mass of the total oven-dryaggregate in the oven-dry asphalt mixture sample.X1.1
40、.3 Substitution in Eq 1:Aac 5 100FPtac100 2 Ptac1GacGag2100Gac100 2 Ptac!GtmGAac 5 100F6.293.811.0152.6732100!1.015!93.8!2.501!G51000.06610.380 2 0.433!51000.446 2 0.433!51000.013! 5 1.3%X1.1.4 Substitution in Eq 2:Aac 5 100FPaac1001GacGag21001Paac!100GtmGac!G5F6.6110011.0152.6732106.61!1.015!100!2.
41、501!G51000.06610.380 2 0.433!51000.446 2 0.433!51000.013! 5 1.3%Therefore, by means of either Eq 1 or Eq 2, the percentasphalt absorption into the pores of the aggregate particles in asample of asphalt mixture can be determined as soon as each ofthe four variables that are included in these equation
42、s havebeen evaluated.X1.2 Influence of Errors in Each of the Four VariablesIncluded in Either Eq 1 or Eq 2 on Percent AsphaltAbsorptionX1.2.1 The influence of errors in the measurement of eachof the four variables, (a) the theoretical maximum specificgravity of an oven-dry asphalt mixture, (b) its a
43、sphalt contentexpressed either as percent of the mass of the sample ofoven-dry asphalt mixture, Eq 1, or as percent of the mass ofoven-dry total aggregate in the sample of oven-dry asphaltmixture, Eq 2, (c) the apparent specific gravity of the asphalt inthe asphalt mixture, and (d) the weighted aver
44、age bulk specificgravity of the oven-dry total aggregate in the asphalt mixture,is illustrated for each variable in turn in the following table, forwhich it is assumed that the correct value for each of these fourvariables for a typical asphalt mixture is listed in the first row(previously used for
45、the sample calculations in X1.1.2). Itshould be particularly noted that the relatively small range oferrors recorded for each variable in the table that follows, iswithin the limits of the ASTM precision statement for repro-ducibility for that variable. In Table X1.1, the effect on asphaltabsorption
46、 of these limited errors in each of the four variables,is shown for each variable in turn while the other threevariables are held constant. Each variable being changed inturn within its range of reproducibility is marked by the symbol(a).X1.2.2 The minimum and maximum values or percentasphalt absorp
47、tion that could occur on the basis of the data inTable X1.1 due to the most fortuitous combination of errorslisted for the determination of the four variables are shown inTable X1.2.D4469 173X1.2.3 Consequently, even when errors in each variable inEq 1 or Eq 2 for asphalt absorption are within the A
48、STMreproducibility precision limits for that variable, in the case ofthe sample calculations illustrated in X1.1.2, X1.1.3, andX1.1.4, the reported value for percent asphalt absorption couldrange from 0.38 to 3.05 as extreme limits.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
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