1、Designation: D4485 11bStandard Specification forPerformance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification covers all the currently ac
3、tive American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oilperformance categories that have been defined in accordance with theASTM consensus process.Thereare organizations with specifications not subject to the ASTM consensus process, such as theInternational Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee
4、 (ILSAC), American PetroleumInstitute (API SM, SN Specifications), and the Association des Constructeurs Europeans dAutomobiles (ACEA). Certain of these specifications, which have been defined primarily by the useof current ASTM test methods, have also been included in the Appendixes for information
5、.In the ASTM system, a specific API designation is assigned to each category. The system isopen-ended, that is, new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oilperformance characteristics are defined. Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders inmaking lubric
6、ant recommendations, and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifyingproducts for specific applications. Where applicable, candidate oil programs are conducted inaccordance with theAmerican Chemistry Council (ACC) PetroleumAdditives ProductApproval Codeof Practice.Other service categorie
7、s not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engineoil performance (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH and CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4,CG-4) (see 3.1.2). SA is not included because it does not have specified engine performancerequirements. SH is not included because
8、 it was a category that could not be licensed for gasolineengine oil use in the API Service Symbol after Dec. 2, 2010. (NoteThe SH category has beenincluded in Appendix X8 as relevant information in combination with “C” categories.) The others arenot included because they are based on test methods f
9、or which engine parts, test fuel, or reference oils,or a combination thereof, are no longer available.Also, theASTM 5-Car and Sequence VI Proceduresare obsolete and have been deleted from the category Energy Conserving and Energy Conserving II(defined by Sequence VI). Information on excluded older c
10、ategories and obsolete test requirementscan be found in SAE J183.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty andheavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety ofoperating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, andoff-highway farm, industrial, and constructi
11、on equipment.1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oilapplications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawnmowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoingvessels.1.3 This specification is based on engine test results thatgenerally have been correlated with results obtaine
12、d on refer-ence oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline ordiesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, itis based on engine test results that generally have beencorrelated with results obtained on reference oils run ingasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engin
13、e oil catego-ries prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspectsof engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests inthis specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance,it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operatingconditions.1.4 This specification
14、 includes bench and chemical tests thathelp evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance notcovered by the engine tests in this specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02
15、.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D448511a. DOI:10.1520/D4485-11B.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
16、ed States.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5.1 ExceptionsThe roller follower shaft wear in TestMethod D5966 is in mils. Some of the appendixes are verbatimfrom other sources, and non-SI units are included.2.
17、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized
18、Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD2622 Test Method
19、 for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to DetermineConformance with SpecificationsD4171 Specification for Fuel Sys
20、tem Icing InhibitorsD4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New andUsed Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Tempera-ture by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 CD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD4951 Test Meth
21、od for Determination of Additive Ele-ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine3D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,Viscosity/Temperature Dependen
22、ce of Lubricating OilsUsing a Temperature-Scanning TechniqueD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5293 T
23、est Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oilsand Base Stocks Between 5 and 35C Using Cold-Cranking SimulatorD5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under L
24、ow-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions3D5480 Test Method for Engine Oil Volatility by Gas Chro-matography3D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity atHigh-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Cap-illary ViscometerD5533 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequen
25、ce IIIE, Spark-Ignition Engine3D5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingOils by the Noack MethodD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)3D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils forRoller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel
26、EngineD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Char-acteristics of Lubricating OilsD6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in theSequence VIA Spark Ignition
27、Engine3D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector ApparatusD6335 Test Method for Determination of High TemperatureDeposits byThermo-Oxidation Engine Oil SimulationTestD6417 Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatilityby Capillary Gas C
28、hromatographyD6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-9 Diesel Engine3D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust PreventiveCharacteristics of Automotive Engine OilsD6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Intern
29、al Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasolineand Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Con-ditionsD6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness ofDiesel Engine Oil at 135CD6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a HighSpeed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1PTest ProcedureD67
30、09 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR OilTest Engine)D6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in aHigh-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine1K Proce-dure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % FuelSulfur)D6794 Test Method
31、for Measuring the Effect on Filterabil-ity of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amountsof Water and a Long (6-h) Heating TimeD6795 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterabil-ity of Engine OilsAfter Treatment with Water and Dry Iceand a Short (30-min) Heating Time2For referenced ASTM s
32、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon w
33、ww.astm.org.D4485 11b2D6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Auto-motive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Carsand Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark IgnitionEngineD6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot TestD6891 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Se
34、quence IVA Spark-Ignition EngineD6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistanceof Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automo-tive Diesel EngineD6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD6922 Test Method for Determ
35、ination of Homogeneity andMiscibility in Automotive Engine OilsD6923 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a HighSpeed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1RTest ProcedureD6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR TestD6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence
36、IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineD6987/D6987M Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel En-gine Oils in T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineD7097 Test Method for Determination of Moderately HighTemperature Piston Deposits byThermo-Oxidation EngineOil Simulation TestTEOST MHTD7109 Test Method for Shear
37、Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at30 and 90 CyclesD7156 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inthe T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineD7216 Test Method for Determining Automotive EngineOil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastom
38、ersD7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition EngineD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineD7468 Test Method for Cummins ISM TestD7484 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils
39、 for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISBMedium-Duty Diesel EngineD7528 Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils byROBO ApparatusD7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty EngineOils under High Output ConditionsCaterpillar C13 TestProcedureD7563 Test Method for Evaluation of the Abi
40、lity of EngineOil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 FuelD7589 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Auto-motive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Carsand Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark IgnitionEngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance
41、 with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassificationSAE J300 Engine Oil ClassificationSAE J1423 Passenger Car and Light-Duty Truck Energy-Conserving Engine Oil Classific
42、ationSAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE) for Char-acterizing the Effects on Vulcanized Rubber2.3 American Petroleum Institute Publication:5API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System(EOLCS)2.4 Government Standard:6DOD CID A-A-52039A (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, and 15W-40)2.5 American Ch
43、emical Council Code:7ACC Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code ofPractice3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines.3.1.2 category, nin engine oils, a designation such
44、as SJ,SL, SM, SN, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4, Energy Conserving, ResourceConserving, and so forth, for a given level of performance inspecified engine and bench tests.3.1.3 classification, nin engine oils, the systematic ar-rangement into categories in accordance with different levels ofperformance in specifi
45、ed engine and bench tests.3.1.4 heavy duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are generally close to the potentialmaximums.3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to all
46、ow operation continuous at orclose to its peak output.3.1.6 light-duty, adjin internal combustion engine opera-tion, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are generally much lower than thepotential maximums.3.1.7 light-duty engine, nin internal combustion engin
47、etypes, one that is designed to be normally operated at substan-tially less than its peak output.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis type of engine is typically in-stalled in automobiles and small trucks, vans, and buses.3.1.8 lugging, adjin internal combustion engine opera-tion, characterized by a combined mode
48、 of relatively low-speed and high-power output.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 150960001.5Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http
49、:/www.api.org.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.7Available fromAmerican Chemical Council, 1300 Wilson Blvd.,Arlington, VA22209.D4485 11b33.2.1 C category, nthe group of engine oils that areintended primarily for use in diesel and certain gasoline-powered vehicles.3.2.2 Energy Conserving category, nthe group of engineoils that have demonstrated fuel economy benefits and areintended primarily for use in automotive gasoline engineapplications, such as p
