1、Designation: D4505 12Standard Specification forPreformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape forExtended Service Life1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformedretroreflective pavement marking tape, that when applied to
3、 aroad surface, will provide a service life normally greater thanone year depending on wear and durability factors.1.2 The preformed retroreflective pavement tape is suitablefor longitudinal markings and transverse markings includingword/symbol markings. It is designed to be a pavementmarking with e
4、xtended service life.1.3 The values stated in inchpound units are to beregarded as the standard except where noted in the document.The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto SI units that are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1
5、ASTM Standards:2D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-ingsD6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Mat
6、e-rialsE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE1710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-ometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 CIE Publications:4No. 15.2 ColorimetryNo. 39.2 Rec
7、ommendations for Surface Colours for VisualSignaling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 extended service life or period, na minimum serviceperiod of 12 months when placed in accordance with themanufacturers recommended procedures on pavement sur-faces .3.1.1.1 DiscussionSee Section 7 for factors aff
8、ecting du-rability.3.1.2 preformed tape, ncontinuous, flexible pavementmarking material that is essentially complete and that may beaffixed to or imbedded in the road surface without fundamen-tally altering its configuration.3.1.3 retroreflection, nreflection in which radiation isreturned in directi
9、ons close to the direction from which it cameand maintained over wide variations of the direction of theincident radiation.3.1.4 surface pattern, na pattern on the surface with areasof raised surface area.4. Classification4.1 Preformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape shallbe identified as:4.1.
10、1 Reflectivity Level I; Class 1, 2 or 3; Skid ResistanceLevel A, or B.4.1.2 Reflectivity Level II; Class 1, 2 or 3; Skid ResistanceLevel A, or B.4.2 Reflectivity Levels:4.2.1 Reflectivity Level IA tape that, when new, conformsto the retroreflectance requirements for Reflectivity Level I inTable 1 wh
11、en measured in accordance with 6.4.4.2.2 Reflectivity Level IIA tape that, when new, conformsto the retroreflectance requirements for Reflectivity Level II inTable 1 when measured in accordance with 6.4.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials a
12、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012. Published July 2005. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4505 05. DOI:10.1520/D4505-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
13、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4CIE publications are av
14、ailable from USNC-CIE Publications Office, TLALighting Consultants, Inc. 7 Pond Street, Salem, MA 01970.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Classes:4.3.1 Class 1A tape without precoated adhesive, forapplication with li
15、quid contact cement.4.3.2 Class 2A tape with precoated pressure-sensitiveadhesive, for application with or without surface preparationadhesive or primer.4.3.3 Class 3A tape with precoated pressure-sensitiveadhesive protectively covered by an easily removable liner.4.4 Skid Resistance:4.4.1 Skid Resi
16、stance Level AA tape that, when new, has askid resistance value of at least 45 BPN when tested inaccordance with 6.6.4.4.2 Skid Resistance Level BA tape that, when new, hasa skid resistance value of at least 55 BPN when tested inaccordance with 6.6.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this
17、 specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation (D4505),5.1.2 Classification type for Retroreflectance (I or II; see4.2),5.1.3 Classification class for adhesive (1, 2, or 3; see 4.3),5.1.4 Classification skid resistance level (A or B; see 4.4),5.1.5 Daytime color (see 6.
18、2),5.1.6 Width and Length of rolls, and5.1.7 Any additional information.6. Requirements6.1 Physical Requirements:6.1.1 The marking tape shall be flexible and shall conformto the typical road pavement surface.6.1.2 The marking tape shall adhere to asphalt or portlandcement concrete roadway surfaces w
19、hen applied according tothe manufacturers recommended procedures on pavementsurfaces having temperatures down to 50F (10C).6.2 Color:6.2.1 The white and yellow marking tape shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D6628.6.3 DimensionsThe marking tape as supplied shall be freeof cracks, and
20、have edges true, straight and unbroken. Theactual width of rolls of preformed marking tape used forstriping shall be no less than the nominal (stated) width and nomore than18 in. (3 mm) greater than the nominal width. Thelength shall be no less than the length stated.6.4 Retroreflection:6.4.1 The ma
21、rking tape shall be retroreflective, reflectingwhite or yellow, respectively, and shall be readily visible whenviewed with automobile headlights at night and shall haveminimum initial reflective values as shown in Table 1 whenmeasured in accordance with the photometric testing proce-dures of Test Me
22、thod D4061 or E1710.NOTE 1Retroreflectance may be dependent on the direction in whichthe material is manufactured (for example, upweb RLmay differ fromdownweb RL.)The retroreflectance of the marking tape shall be measured inone roll-winding direction and then re-measured in the oppo-site direction.
23、Both measured values shall comply with thestated RLminimum.6.4.2 Reflective values shall be expressed as a coefficient ofretroreflected luminance (RL) in millicandelas per square metreper lux (millicandelas per square foot per footcandle).6.4.2.1 DiscussionThe values presented for the coefficientof
24、retroreflected luminance (RL) are presented in SI units,which are the accepted worldwide norm for expressing thisvalue, rather than in inch-pounds.6.5 AdhesionAsample of marking tape, 1 in. (25.4 mm) inwidth, applied according to the manufacturers recommendedprocedure and tested in accordance with T
25、est Methods D1000,shall have minimum adhesion values as shown in Table 2.6.6 Skid ResistanceSkid resistance shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method E303.NOTE 2For tapes with a surface pattern, results often are quitevariable. These tapes may be tested in a direction parallel to the flow oftraf
26、fic and 45 from the direction of traffic, and the results averaged.NOTE 3Skid resistance levels of 45BPN correspond to tapes havingexposed retroreflective glass beads. Higher levels of skid resistance areachievable with the addition of skid-resistance elements.7. Durability and Wear Resistance7.1 Fa
27、ctors affecting durability and wear resistance:7.1.1 Features of the pavement marking tape, such asthickness and wear surface material may affect durability. Ingeneral, thicker materials wear longer than thinner materials ofthe same composition. Wear surfaces composed of hardermaterials, such as ure
28、thanes, may be more durable than thosemade of softer materials like vinyl.7.1.2 Roadway characteristics affect durabilityRoughroad surfaces, porous surfaces and high traffic volumes tend todecrease service life of markings. A high percentage of largevehicles tend to decrease service life. Encroachme
29、nt or a lot ofvehicles turning on top of the marking decreases service life.Techniques and materials used for control of ice and snow alsoaffect durability.7.1.3 Tapes that are inlaid into the road surface by groovingor hot rolling generally are more durable than the same tapesoverlaid on the road s
30、urface.TABLE 1 Retroreflectivity Values for New, Dry SamplesAEntranceAngleObservationAngleRetroreflectivityLevel White Yellow88.76 1.05 Reflectivity I 500 300Reflectivity II 250 175AMinimum Retroreflectivity (RL) mcd m-2lx-1(mcd ft-2fc-1)TABLE 2 AdhesionApplicationTemperature,F (C)TestTemperature,F
31、(C)MinimumAdhesion, N50 (10) 50 (10) 4.8875 (24) 75 (24) 4.88115 (46) 114 (46) 4.88D4505 1227.2 Because no practical laboratory procedures have beendetermined to provide complete, reliable, predictive informa-tion on durability and wear resistance, the user is encouraged toseek information from alte
32、rnate sources.NOTE 4The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program,administered by AASHTO, publishes data on the durability of manypavement marking tapes gathered from various annual test decks. Thesedecks feature a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not beapplicable to the users n
33、eeds.8. Sampling8.1 Statistically based sampling plans that are appropriatefor each particular type or quantity may be used to obtainsamples for use in determining compliance with this specifi-cation in accordance with Practice D1898.8.2 For purposes of developing purchase specifications, alot size
34、generally refers to the number of rolls in a lot.Sampling units are those rolls selected at random from the lot.A unit sample is the sample of tape taken from the roll.9. Storage9.1 StorageThe marking tape as supplied shall have aminimum shelf life of one year from date of purchase whenstored at tem
35、peratures under 100F (38C).10. Packaging and Marking10.1 The marking tape shall be packaged in rolls and thereshall be no more than three splices per 164 ft (50 m) of length.10.2 The marking tape shall be packaged in accordance withaccepted commercial standards.11. Keywords11.1 pavement marking; pav
36、ement marking tape; retrore-flectance; tapeANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DISCUSSION OF “30-METRE” GEOMETRYA1.1 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)originally developed the geometry used in this standard formeasuring the retroreflectance of preformed tape (entranceangle 88.76 and observ
37、ation angle 1.05). The angles werederived using theoretically typical heights for headlamps anddrivers eyes. These heights were further simplified by assum-ing a single headlamp is mounted directly under the driverseye (see Fig. A1.1). The geometry is considered a goodapproximation for drivers viewi
38、ng preformed tape on a flatroad, 30 m ahead of a car.FIG. A1.1 CEN 30 Meter GeometryD4505 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
39、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
40、awn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
41、comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
42、 or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4505 124
