1、Designation: D 4524 86 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forComposition of Plumage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the components found in plumage. The test method isapplicable for plumage found in b
3、ulk form or in finishedconsumer products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
4、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 4523 Terminology Relating to Feather-Filled and Down-Filled Products2.2 Other Documents:Fed Std. No. 148a1964 Method 2: Det
5、ermination of Com-position Feather Filling Materials3ABFLO: Quantitative Determination of Feather andDown in Plumage4FTC Guides for the Feather and Down Products Industry,197153. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 plumage, nthe outgrowth of fowl, consisting offeathers and down (waterfowl) or feathers
6、only (nonwater-fowl).3.2 For the definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D 123 and Terminology D 4523.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of plumage is selected from theproduct being tested. The contents of the sample are identifiedand separated into componen
7、t parts. Those component partsare measured and reported as a percentage of the whole.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of bulk plumage.Acceptance tolerancesof content must be established between the purchaser and sellerof bulk shipm
8、ents of plumage, which also must comply withstate and federal agency regulations, as appropriate.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Method D 4524 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct compa
9、rative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material o
10、f the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before the te
11、sting is begun. If a bias is found, eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret test results in the light of theknown bias.5.2 This test method may also be applicable to the accep-tance of consumer products that use plumage as a fillingmateria
12、l. Such consumer products include pillows, comforters,sleeping bags, garments, furniture, and mattresses. Acceptancetolerances of content are established by distributors, importers,state or federal regulatory agencies. See 5.1.1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Te
13、xtilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 13.61 on Apparel.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4524 86 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
14、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the General Services Administration Business Service Center,1800 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20407.4Available from Ass
15、ociation of Bedding and Law Officials, Texas Dept. ofHealth, 1100 W. 49th St., Austin, TX 78756.5Available from the Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.,Washington, DC 20580.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United St
16、ates.6. Apparatus6.1 Separating CabinetA box or cabinet for separatingand identifying the components of plumage. The box shouldhave the following approximate dimensions:Base450 by 300 mm (18 by 12 in.) wideFront150 mm (6 in.) highBack300 mm (12 in.) highThe top of the box will be glass to permit the
17、 separation tobe observed visually. The front of the box will have an opensection that will permit the operators hands to enter thecabinet. Sufficient freedom of movement must be allowed sothat the components can be examined and segregated. Thecabinet should be equipped with a light to provide suffi
18、cientillumination of its interior. The interior cabinet color must be ofdark color to provide contrast with the plumage. See Fig. 1.6.2 Weighing ContainersTen tared weighing bottles orbeakers to segregate the components and contain them duringweighing.6.3 Forceps, suitable for picking up components
19、of theplumage.6.4 Balance, having a capability adequate for weighingspecimens and containers with a sensitivity of 0.0001 g.6.5 Mixing ContainersOne large box or container ap-proximately 500 by 500 by 500 mm that is used to hold thesample plumage to be analyzed. Another smaller mixingcontainer appro
20、ximately 300 by 300 by 150 mm. The interiorof the mixing boxes shall be smooth to avoid plumageentrapment.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,select at random the number of bales, bags, or other shippingcontainers as directed in an applicable material specification orothe
21、r agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. In theabsence of such an agreement, randomly select 30 % of theshipping containers. From each of the shipping containersselected, remove a sample sufficient in mass to obtain a total lotsample of 300 g. Consider the shipping containers to be thepri
22、mary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween and within shipping containers to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level,and lim
23、iting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, randomly take portions of plumage from each lotsample submitted weighing at least 10 g each from the upper,middle, and lower portion of the sample submitted, drawingeach sample from the middle of the submitted s
24、ample. Com-bine the three portions from the lot sample into a compositesample and use it as a test specimen for that sample submitted.8. Procedure8.1 Specimen Reduction:8.1.1 Place the sample plumage in the larger mixing con-tainer and mix well by turning the plumage with the hands. Donot stir the s
25、ample with a stick.8.1.2 Draw the specimen to be analyzed from three sectionsof the mixing container (top, middle, and bottom) to weighapproximately 4 g.8.2 Preliminary Separation:8.2.1 Place the test specimen in the separating cabinet andbegin the separation into plumage components.8.2.2 With the f
26、orceps, remove all feathers from the plum-age. Brush the feathers between the thumb and index fingers ofone hand to remove any down, fiber, or residue caught therein.8.2.3 Separate the feathers into whole waterfowl feathers(Container A), damaged waterfowl feathers (Container C), andlandfowl feathers
27、 (Container B) and place each into anindividual tared weighing container.8.2.4 Place the down cluster, plumules, down fiber, andfeather fiber that are all combined in the fourth tared weighingcontainer (Container E).8.2.5 Place the quill feathers in a fifth tared weighingcontainer (Container Q).8.2.
28、6 Place the residue in a sixth weighing container (Con-tainer D).8.2.7 Weigh the contents of the six containers to the nearest0.0001 g.8.3 Down and Fiber Separation:8.3.1 Place the contents of the container in 8.2.4 in thesmaller mixing container. Mix the contents by turning with thehands.FIG. 1 Dow
29、n and Feather Separating CabinetD 4524 86 (2005)28.3.2 Draw a sub-specimen to be analyzed that weighs aminimum of 0.200 g. Draw the plumage to be separated fromthree sections of the mixing container.8.3.3 Place the 0.200-g sub-specimen in the separatingcabinet. Separate the components as follows:8.3
30、.3.1 With forceps remove a down cluster or plumule andshake five times from an up position to a down position and upagain. Slightly flick the cluster as you go down and up again.8.3.3.2 Carefully remove the entwined feather fiber from thecluster or plumule with the forceps.8.3.3.3 Place the cluster
31、or plumule into a weighing con-tainer (Container F). Place the feather fiber into a secondcontainer (Container H). Pick up the down fiber with theforceps and place into a third weighing container (ContainerG).8.3.3.4 Do not remove entwined down fiber from theclusters. Only remove the down fiber that
32、 shakes loose.8.3.3.5 If landfowl feather, fiber is present, place it in afourth container (Container J).8.3.3.6 If residue is found in this portion of the separation,place it in a fifth container (Container K).8.3.3.7 Weigh the contents of the five containers to thenearest 0.0001 g.9. Calculations9
33、.1 Preliminary Separation:9.1.1 Obtain total contents analyzed by adding together theweight of the waterfowl feathers, landfowl feathers, fiber,damaged feathers, quill feathers, residue, and down and fibercomponents using Eq 1, as follows:T15 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 E 1 Q (1)where:T1= contents analyzed, g,A
34、 = waterfowl feathers, g,B = landfowl feathers, fiber, g,C = damaged feathers, g,Q = quill feathers, g,D = residue, g, andE = down and fiber, g.9.1.2 Obtain the total percentage for each component of thepreliminary separation using the following equations as ex-amples (Eq 2 or Eq 3):PA 5 100 A/T1! (
35、2)where:PA = waterfowl feathers, %.PE 5 100 E/T1! (3)where:PE = down and fiber, %.9.2 Down and Fiber Separation:9.2.1 Obtain total contents analyzed by adding together theweight of the down cluster and plumules, down fiber, featherfiber, landfowl feather, fiber, and residue using Eq 4.T25 F 1 G 1 H
36、1 J 1 K (4)where:T2= contents analyzed in the down and fiber separation, g,F = down clusters and plumules, g,G = down fiber, g,H = feather fiber, g,J = landfowl feather, fiber, g, andK = residue, g.9.2.2 Obtain the total percentage for each component (F, G,H, J, K) of the down and fiber separation u
37、sing the followingequations as examples (Eq 5-7):PF 5 PE 3 F/T2! (5)where:PF = down cluster and plumules, %.PJ 5 PE 3 J/T2! (6)where:PJ = landfowl feather, fiber, %.PK 5 PE 3 K/T2! (7)where:PK = residue in down and fiber separation, %.Add PJ to PB to obtain total landfowl in separation.Add PK to PD
38、to obtain total residue in separation.10. Report10.1 Report that the specimens were tested as directed inTest Method D 4524. Describe the product sampled and themethod of sampling.10.2 Report the percent of each component and list indi-vidually.11. Retest11.1 If the test specimen from a laboratory s
39、ample fails tomeet a specified minimum acceptance level, take two addi-tional lot samples as directed in 7.1 and test them. If theaverage for all three test specimens meet the requirements, thelot sample may be considered as acceptable.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedu
40、res in TestMethod D 4524 is being established.12.2 BiasThe procedures in Test Method D 4524 have noknown bias.D 4524 86 (2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
41、expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re
42、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
43、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4524 86 (2005)4
