ASTM D4533-2004 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles《土工织物的梯形抗扯裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4533-2004 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles《土工织物的梯形抗扯裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4533-2004 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles《土工织物的梯形抗扯裂强度的标准试验方法》.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4533 04Standard Test Method forTrapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure theforce
3、required to continue or propagate a tear in woven ornon-woven geotextiles by the trapezoid method. While usefulfor quality control and acceptance testing, the trapezoid teartest does not provide all the information needed for all designapplications and other test methods should be used.1.2 This test
4、 method is applicable to most geotextiles thatinclude woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, layered fabrics, knitfabrics, and felts that are used for geotextile applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
5、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testi
6、ng Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for TestingD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor TextilesD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 4439 Terminology for Relating to Geosynthetics3. Terminology3
7、.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, nair maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.2 geotextile, nany permeable textile material usedwith foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnicalengineering related material as an integ
8、ral part of a man-madeproduct, structure, or system.3.1.3 tearing strength, nthe force required to either (1)start, or (2) continue or propagate a tear in a fabric underspecified conditions.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis test method uses the maximumvalue of the tearing force as the tearing strength.3.1.4 Fo
9、r definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D 123 or Terminology D 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on arectangular specimen cut for the determination of tearingstrength (see Fig. 1), and the nonparallel sides of the trap
10、ezoidmarked on the specimen are clamped in parallel jaws of atensile testing machine. The separation of the jaws is continu-ously increased so the tear propagates across the specimen. Atthe same time, the force developed is recorded. The tearingstrength, which is the maximum value of the tearing for
11、ce, isobtained from the autographic force extension curve (see Fig.2).5. Significance and Use5.1 The trapezoid tear method is a test that produces tensionalong a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagatesacross the width of the specimen. The trapezoid tearingstrength for woven fabrics i
12、s determined primarily by theproperties of the yarns that are gripped in the clamps. Innonwoven fabrics, because the individual fibers are more orless randomly oriented and capable of some reorientation in thedirection of the applied load, the maximum trapezoid tearingstrength is reached when the re
13、sistance to further reorientationis greater than the force required to rupture one or more fiberssimultaneously.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10.0 on .Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Publi
14、shed December 2004. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 453391(1996).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
15、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The trapezoid tearing strength method is useful forestimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics ordifferent directions in
16、 the same fabric.5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments; however, caution is advised sinceinformation about between-laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative tests as directed in 5.3.1 may be advisable.5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences i
17、nreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investiga
18、tion of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the
19、twolaboratories should be compared using the appropriate Stu-dents t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results
20、 in the light ofthe known bias.5.4 Most geotextile fabrics can be tested by this test method.Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessaryfor a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Specialadaptation may be necessary with strong fabrics, or fabricsmade from glass fibers, to prevent
21、 them from slipping in theclamps or being damaged as a result of being gripped in theclamps.5.5 This test method may be used with constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) or constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type ten-sion machines. However, there may be no overall correlationbetween the results obtained with
22、the CRT machine and theCRE machine. Consequently, these two tension testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CREmachine shall prevail.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type withautographic rec
23、order conforming to the requirements of Speci-fication D76.6.2 Clamps, having all gripping surfaces parallel, flat, andcapable of preventing slipping of the specimen during a test,and measuring 50.8 by no less than 76.2 mm (2 by no less than3 in.), with the longer dimension perpendicular to the dire
24、ctionof application of the load.6.3 Trapezoidal Template, optional, having the dimensionsshown in Fig. 1.7. Sampling and Selection7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betwe
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