1、Designation: D 4551 96 (Reapproved 2008)e1An American National StandardStandard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in April 20081. S
3、cope*1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, orcoating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costlysecondary damage from water leakage and very long-termreliable
4、performance is essential. Examples are fountains,pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wetinstallations where the membrane is inaccessible once theconstruction is complete. Included are requirements for mate-rials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, andmethods of
5、 marking.1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product inaccordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performanceand are not intended for design purposes. Tests have beenselected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulatethe environmen
6、t to which the membrane will be subjectedduring actual use.1.4 This specification does not cover water-containmentmembranes exposed to ultraviolet light.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 There is n
7、o known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this
8、standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic
9、ElastomersTensionD 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) ofPlastic Film and SheetingD 1203 Test Methods for Volatile Los
10、s From Plastics UsingActivated Carbon MethodsD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of VinylChloride PolymersD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4968 Guide for A
11、nnual Review of Test Methods andSpecifications for PlasticsD 7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery,and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials2.2 ANSI Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
12、ommittee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4551 96(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
13、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
14、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Z 26.1 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for Glaz-ing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes43. Terminology3.1 Definiti
15、ons:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology D 883 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 water-containment membranea non-porous mem-brane impervious to water and resistant to permeatio
16、n by watervapor to an extent that it provides a high degree of certaintythat secondary damage from leakage shall not occur.3.2.2 homogeneous sheetingsheeting that is of uniformcomposition throughout its thickness.4. Classification4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based onthickness:4.1.1
17、Grade 300.03 in. (0.765 mm).4.1.2 Grade 400.04 in. (1.02 mm).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)water-containment membrane formulated from PVC materialsmeeting the following requirements:5.1.1 A PVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmicviscosi
18、ty number) of not less than 0.92 as determined by TestMethod D 1243.5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm3.5.2 Recycle materials, as defined in Guide D 7209, may beused in this product if all the requirements in Sections 3, 5, 6,and 9 are met by the recycle material.5.3 The use of water-sol
19、uble compounding ingredients shallbe prohibited.5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, andbacterial degradation shall be used.6. Physical Properties6.1 The sheeting shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 17 (Table 2).6.2 Sheeting sh
20、all be compounded so that bonds betweensheets used in fabrication of large water-containment mem-branes can be accomplished in the field without reducing theoverall resistance of the membrane to permeation or leakage orsignificantly reducing the sheetings physical strength. Themanufacturer shall spe
21、cify recommended bonding proceduresin its product literature.6.3 The sheeting shall be colored as agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.7. Dimensions7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall b
22、e asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.1.1 Sheeting width tolerance shall be +0.5, 0.0 in.(+12.7, 0.0 mm).7.1.2 The length of the sheeting after unrolling and relaxingfor 10 min at 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) shall be no less than thatspecified in the purchase order.7.2 Minimum thickness of
23、Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.03in. (0.765 mm) and minimum thickness of Grade 40 sheetingshall be 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).8. Workmanship8.1 If not monitored continuously, a minimum of every hourproduction shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall b
24、e freeof pin holes, foreign inclusions, undispersed materials, or otherdefects that could affect serviceability.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4
25、 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.TABLE 1 Qualification TestsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30 Grade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minTensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), minTensile stress at 100 % elongati
26、on lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), minElongation at break % 300, min 300, minTear resistance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), minPinholes number none noneMicro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 passPuncture resistance specimen, pass/f
27、ail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 passIndentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passFolding resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passChemical resistanceDistilled H2O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, maxSoapy H2O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, maxAlkali specimen, pass/fail 3 of
28、3 pass 3 of 3 passHydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passShrinkage % original 5 %, max 5 %, maxVolatile loss at 158F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 maxD 4551 96 (2008)e129. Qualification Tests9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification testsprescribed in Section 11 and Ta
29、ble 1.9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require thatthe sheeting be retested for conformance to this specification.In addition, retesting shall be done every 3 years whether thecompound has been modified or not to assess cumulativeeffects of switching suppliers, grades of raw materials,
30、orprocessing changes.10. Sampling10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random fromproduction stock. In each roll selected, units comprising therequired number of specimens shall be taken from a portion notincluding the first or last foot of the roll or portions within 6 in.of the edge of the roll
31、.11. Test Methods11.1 ThicknessTest five specimens obtained from loca-tions equidistant across the width of the sheet in accordancewith Method C of Test Methods D 374. Report thickness ofeach specimen and location in sheet.11.2 Stress-Strain PropertiesDetermine tensile stress at100 % elongation (mod
32、ulus), tensile strength, and ultimateelongation in accordance with Method A of Test MethodsD 412, using a dumbbell specimen (Die C). Report physicalproperties as the average value from testing of 6 specimens.11.3 PinholesExamine sheeting for pinholes by viewingthe surface of the sheeting while held
33、under slight-handtension. Position a bright light source behind the film so as toclearly illuminate the surface without producing glare in theobservers eyes. A pinhole is defined as any opening observedin the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in.(305-mm) strip from the entire width
34、of the sheet and report thepresence or absence of pinholes.11.4 Resistance to Chemical ReagentsConduct this test inaccordance with Test Method D 543, Procedure 1.11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1 % soapy watersolution
35、at 120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.3 Alkali Resistance TestThis test indicates the effectof hot alkali solutions on the plastic membrane materials.11.4.3.1 SpecimensEach test unit shall consist of threespecimens of flat material 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm) selected inaccordance with 12.1.11.4.3.2 ProcedureMak
36、e a solution by dissolving 5.0 g ofreagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-gradepotassium hydroxide in 1 L of distilled water in a beaker. Thesolution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individualbeaker of solution in accordance w
37、ith 11.4.3.2. Immerse thespecimen for 72 h, and completely change the solution every24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the new solution, thesolution shall be at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accor-dance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test.11.5
38、 Microorganism Resistance TestDetermine the resis-tance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance withAnnex A1.11.6 Strength and Toughness Tests:11.6.1 Puncture Resistance TestDetermine the resistanceof the material to mechanical damage which might occurduring the installation of the water-contai
39、nment membrane inaccordance with the procedure described in Annex A2.11.6.2 Indentational Resistance TestDetermine the abilityof the material to withstand nail-head indentation withoutimpairing waterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance withthe procedure detailed in Annex A3.11.6.3 Folding Resis
40、tance TestDetermine the ability ofthe material to withstand corner folding without impairingwaterproofness in accordance with the procedure outlined inAnnex A4.11.7 ShrinkageTestfor1hat158F (70C) in accordancewith Test Method D 1204.11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDetermine the ability ofplastic membr
41、ane material to withstand water pressure withoutleaking in accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.11.9 Tear ResistanceDetermine the average value for sixspecimens in accordance with Test Method D 1004.11.10 Volatile LossDetermine volatile loss in accordancewith Test Methods D 1203, Method A,
42、 at 158F (70C) withgrade AC (614 mesh) activated carbon. Test specimens shall benominal thickness sheeting.NOTE 1Requirement for WaterVapor Transmission of Materials inSheet Form (Procedure E of Test Methods E 96) has been deleted until thetest method is improved to the extent that it can be reprodu
43、cibly run bycommercial laboratories.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all qualification test specimens at 736 3.6F(23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of MethodsD 618.12.2 In-plant quality control specimens shall be conditionedat 7
44、3 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) for2hinair.13. Inspection13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchasecontract.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, themanufacturers or the suppliers certification shall b
45、e furnishedto the purchaser stating that samples representing each lot havebeen manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance withthis specification and the requirements have been met. WhenTABLE 2 Quality Assurance RequirementsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30SpecificationGrade 40Thickness in.
46、 (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minPinholes number none noneShrinkage at 158F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, maxWidth in. (cm) +0.5 (1.27), 0.0 +0.5 (1.27), 0.0D 4551 96 (2008)e13specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Product Marking15.1 M
47、aterial complying with this specification shall becontinuously marked and shall include the following spacedout at intervals of not more than 2 ft (610 mm).15.1.1 Manufacturers name (or brand name or trademark).15.1.2 Material designation.15.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which thesheet
48、 complies.15.1.4 Designation, “ASTM D 4551”, with which the sheetcomplies.15.1.5 The production code shall be included inside the coreof all shipping units.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in standard commercial containers, so const
49、ructed asto ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for safetransportation to the point of delivery, unless otherwise speci-fied in the contract or order.16.2 Shipping containers shall be marked as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.16.3 Packaging provisions for government/military procure-ment.16.4 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.17. Quality Assurance17.1 Sheeting manufactured from compound qualified bySection 9 shall pass the quality assuran
