1、Designation: D 4585 07Standard Practice forTesting Water Resistance of Coatings Using ControlledCondensation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers basic principles and operatingprocedures for testing water resistance of coatings usingcontrolled
3、 condensation. Condensation is produced by expos-ing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated, saturatedmixture of air and water vapor, while the reverse side of thespecimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperatureair. This practice is derived from research of the ClevelandSociety fo
4、r Coatings Technology.21.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,measuring, and controlling conditions and procedures of con-trolled condensation tests. It does not specify specimen prepa-ration, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.NOTE 1Alternative practices for testin
5、g water resistance of coatingsinclude Practices D 870, D 1735, and D 2247.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
6、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Pai
7、nt, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Steel SurfacesD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Tes
8、t PanelsD 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 1735 Practice for Testing Water
9、 Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog ApparatusD 2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in100 % Relative HumidityD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3363 Test Method for Film Hardness
10、 by Pencil TestD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of CoatingsUsing Portable Adhesion TestersG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Summary of Practice3.1 Water vapor is generated by heating a pan of water at thebottom of the test cham
11、ber. The specimens form the roof orwalls of the test chamber so that the back sides of thespecimens are exposed to the cooling effects of room tempera-ture air. The resulting heat transfer causes vapor to condense onthe test specimens as liquid water saturated with air.3.2 The temperature and amount
12、 of condensate forming onthe specimens is controlled by the test temperature and theroom temperature. The test specimens are inclined so thatcondensate runs off the test surface by gravity and is replacedby fresh condensate in a continuous process during thecondensate cycle.3.3 Exposure conditions a
13、re varied by selecting: (a) thetemperature of the test, (b) the duration of the test, and (c)periodic drying of the specimens. Testing may be conducted attemperatures from 38 to 82C (100 to 180F). Any effects such1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coat
14、ings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4585 99.2Foecking, N. J., “Cleveland Condensing Type Hum
15、idity Cabinet,” OffcialDigest, December 1963, Vol 35, No. 467, pp. 13181327; and Higgins, W. A.,“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet: II,” Offcial Digest, November1965, Vol 37, No. 490, pp. 13921404.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
17、19428-2959, United States.as color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, orembrittlement are observed and reported.4. Significance and Use4.1 Water can cause degradation of coatings, so knowledgeof how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its servicelife. Failure in a condensa
18、tion test may be caused by a numberof factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contami-nation of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. Thetest is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or com-plete coating systems.4.2 Condensation tests of coatings are used for speci
19、ficationacceptance, quality control, and research and development ofcoatings and substrate treatments. These tests usually result ina pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also maybe measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there isno evidence of water-related failure after
20、 a specified period oftime.4.3 Results obtained from the use of condensation tests inaccordance with this practice should not be represented asbeing equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the naturalenvironment, until the degree of quantitative correlation hasbeen established for the coating
21、 or coating system.4.4 The test is usually conducted on metal, plastics, or woodspecimens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber.However, it is possible to test the blister resistance of housepaints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated woodsurface facing the inside of the chamber.4.
22、5 This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularlyif the specimens are periodically dried. While corrosion prod-ucts will drain into the water bath, they are not carried into thevapor that condenses on the test specimens.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Chamber (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), consisting ofin
23、sulated side walls mounted on a base, test specimen racksattached to the side walls, a heated water pan, and provisionsfor controlling and indicating the vapor temperature within thechamber. Vents, approximately 3 to 5 mm (0.10 to 0.20 in.)wide, shall be provided to admit room air at the bottom of t
24、hetest chamber. Locate the chamber away from air vents anddirect drafts.NOTE 2The apparatus described in Practice G 154 may be used if theultraviolet lamps specified in Practice G 154 are turned off.5.2 Specimens shall form the roof of the test chamber. If thespecimens cannot completely fill all the
25、 openings, blank panelsshall be used. Certain substrates may deform from the heat andmoisture. The specimens should be mounted to avoid gapsbetween specimens that allow heat and moisture to escape.Various types of tape can be used to seal the gaps that developwhen the specimen deforms. Specimens sha
26、ll be inclined from15 to 75 from the horizontal and arranged so that condensateis returned to the water pan without dripping on other speci-mens.5.3 Water Supply, with water level control. The waterquality should be agreed upon between the customer and thesupplier for running this test.5.4 Water Hea
27、ter, preferably located under the water pan,controlled by a thermostat with the sensing element located inthe water.5.5 Thermometer, with the stem extending into the air-watervapor mixture in the test chamber.5.6 Program Timer, Blower, and Air Heater, (optional) fittedto the chamber to provide perio
28、ds of drying on a fixedschedule.6. Test Specimens6.1 This practice does not cover the preparation of testspecimens. The substrate composition and surface preparation,specimen preparation, and the number of specimens should beagreed upon prior to testing.NOTE 3Applicable methods for the preparation o
29、f test panels andsubstrates are given in Practice D 609 and Practices D 1730. PracticesD 823 cover application techniques for the production of uniform films.6.2 Its recommended that a control specimen of a paintwith known durability be included with each test. Such controlspecimens can provide warn
30、ing of changes in test severity in agiven apparatus, and can indicate variations in test severitybetween different apparatuses.6.3 Its recommended that at least two replicate specimensof each different coating be used, so as to compensate forvariations between specimens and variations in test condit
31、ionswithin the apparatus.FIG. 1 Controlled Condensation ApparatusFIG. 2 Apparatus Cross SectionD45850726.4 Test specimens should be flat rigid material. Minimumsize is 76-mm (3-in.) wide and 152-mm (6-in.) tall. Maximumthickness is 8 mm (34 in.). Materials thicker than 8 mm (34 in.)insulate and the
32、condensate does not form on the tested side ofthe panel. If the test panels overshadow the upper shelf, do notput test panels on the upper shelf. Check the samples periodi-cally to make sure condensation is occurring.NOTE 4A 3 mm glass plate in place of a sample will work to monitorwhether condensat
33、ion is occurring.7. Procedure7.1 Fill the water pan to a depth of approximately 25 mm (1in.) with water. The quality of the water in the pan does notaffect the test since the evaporation and condensation processyields distilled water, but the use of tap water can result in theaccumulation of residue
34、s in the water pan.7.2 Fill all spaces in the specimen holder rack with speci-mens or corrosion-resistant blank panels. Mount coated metalpanels with the coating to be tested facing the inside of thechamber. Coated wood specimens may be mounted in the sameway.7.2.1 Blister tests to simulate the effe
35、cts of water vapormigration from inside a frame house are mounted with theuncoated side of the wood specimen facing the inside of thetest chamber.7.2.2 Close all cracks between specimens and all holes inspecimens, to prevent water vapor loss and local temperaturevariation. Condensate usually seals c
36、racks or holes smallerthan 1 mm (0.04 in.), but larger openings must be closed withtape or metal strips.7.3 Adjust the thermostat to maintain the desired tempera-ture of the saturated air and water vapor mixture. Vaportemperatures of 38, 49, or 60C (100, 120, or 140F) aresuggested. Other temperature
37、s may be used provided that thetemperature is reported in conformance with Section 8.Toensure adequate condensation, maintain at least a 11C (20F )temperature differential between the room and the vapor.7.4 Operate the chamber continuously unless otherwisespecified or agreed. The removal of specimen
38、s for inspectionsduring operation is permitted. When removing a specimen forinspection, replace it with a blank so that the test conditions arenot altered.7.5 Cyclic operation with alternating periods of condensa-tion and drying may be used. Automatic drying requires theapparatus described in 5.6. F
39、or manual drying of specimens,remove them from the apparatus. Drying periods should be atleast 4 h long.7.6 To control for variability within the apparatus, reposi-tion the specimens on a regular basis so that all specimensspend equivalent amounts of time in the various areas of theapparatus (top, b
40、ottom, left, right, and center).7.7 Conclude the test after a specified period of time or aftereffects from exposure to water are noted.7.8 Remove specimens at the conclusion of the test. Do notleave the specimens in the apparatus at the conclusion of thetest as the specimens can remain wet for hour
41、s, or even days,when the apparatus is turned off.7.9 Wipe the test specimens dry. Rate specimens forchanges in color, blistering, etc. Evaluate specimens no lessthan 5 min and no more than 10 min after removal from test,as the effects from water exposure can change within a shorttime. Remove only as
42、 many specimens as can be rated withinthe specified time.NOTE 5 Relevant procedures for evaluating water effects are de-scribed in Test Methods D 610 and D 2616, and Test Methods D 714,D 1654, D 3359, D 3363, and D 4541.7.9.1 If possible, rate the specimens again after they havebeen removed from the
43、 test for a recovery period long enoughthat moisture absorbed within the specimen dries out and thespecimens reach moisture equilibrium with room air. A recov-ery period from 12 to 24 h is generally sufficient. Thepost-recovery rating allows evaluation of the permanent effectsof the exposure as dist
44、inct from the transient effects, and isespecially important for evaluation of color and gloss.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Sample identification.8.1.2 Results of the evaluation(s).8.1.3 Reference to Practice D 4585.8.1.4 Hours of test duration.8.1.5 Description of any cyclic o
45、perations.8.1.6 Condensation temperature.8.1.7 Special conditions of test or any deviations in testprocedure.9. Keywords9.1 adhesion; blistering; condensation; humidity; resistance-water; rustD4585073SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard sin
46、ce the last issue(D 4585 - 99) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2007.)(1) The references to Practice G 53 have been changed toPractice G 154. Practice G 53 has been replaced by PracticeG 154.(2) A sentence was added to 5.1 about the location of theapparatus.(3) Asentence w
47、as added to 6.4 to check the samples regularlyfor condensation.(4) A Note 4 was added to allow the use ofa3mmpiece ofglass to check for condensation.(5) Note 4 was renumbered to Note 5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any i
48、tem mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical co
49、mmittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inte
