1、Designation: D 4587 05Standard Practice forFluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint andRelated Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products
3、 influorescent UV and condensation devices conducted accordingto Practices G 151 and G 154. This practice also covers thepreparation of test specimens, and the evaluation of test results.Table 1 describes commonly used test conditions.NOTE 1Previous versions of this practice referenced fluorescent U
4、Vdevices described by Practice G53, which described very specificequipment designs. Practice G53has been withdrawn and replaced byPractice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposuredevices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 154, whichgives requirements for exposin
5、g nonmetallic materials in fluorescent UVdevices.NOTE 2ISO 11507:1997 also describes fluorescent UV-condensationexposures of paints and coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not pur
6、port to address all of thesafety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 358 Specifica
7、tion for Wood to Be Used As Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Stee
8、l SurfacesD 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-rior Paints3D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Eva
9、luating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive
10、Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous BaseD 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal BaseD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminat
11、ed Opaque MaterialsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color-Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray Scale
12、D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials3D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking ofExterior Paint FilmsD 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Indexof PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conductin
13、g an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colormetry1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the di
14、rect responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4587 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
15、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G53 Practice for Operating Lig
16、ht- and Water-ExposureApparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-sure of Nonmetallic Materials3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingon Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Co
17、nditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Material
18、sG 169 Guide forApplication of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 11507:1997 Paints and VarnishesExposure of Coat-ings to Artificial WeatheringExposure to FluorescentUV and Water2.3 SAE Standard:5SAE J2020 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Fl
19、uorescent UV Condensation Appara-tus3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and water can b
20、e very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena
21、such as atmospheric pollution, biologicalattack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionsVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that d
22、escribes thespecific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 3Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution a
23、nd dataanalysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from fluores-cent UV lamps is significantly different from that produced inlight and water exposure devices using other light sources. Thetype and rate of degradation and t
24、he performance rankingsproduced in exposures to fluorescent UV lamps can be muchdifferent from those produced by exposures to other types oflaboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same design of fluorescent UV device,lamp, and exposure c
25、onditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.6,7Therefore, exposure of a similar4Available from International Organization for Standar
26、dization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.6Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoo
27、r Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, ASTM, 1993.TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Fluorescent UVCondensation Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsACycle Number Cycle Description 340 nm IrradianceB,CBlack Panel TemperatureDTypical UsesE1 8hUV4 h condensationRepeated
28、continuously0.83 W/(m2nm)dark period70 6 2.5 C (158 6 5F)50 6 2.5 C (122 6 5F)Automotive coatingsF2 4hUV4 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark period60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2.5 (122 6 5F)Industrial maintenance coatingsG3 4hUV20 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark per
29、iod60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2.5 (122 6 5F)Exterior wood coatings4 8hUV4 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark period60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2.5 (122 6 5F)General metal coatingsAThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended f
30、or the applications listed. Additional exposure cyclesare described in Practice G 154.BThe irradiance set point given is typical for devices operated without irradiance control. Other irradiance levels may be used, but must be described in the report.CPrevious editions of Practice D 4587 contained n
31、on-mandatory irradiance set points in Table 1 that were commonly used in the industry. The previous set points were0.72 and 0.77 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm for UVA 340 lamps. The measurement data used to establish these set points was inaccurate, due to an error in calibration on thepart of one manufacture
32、r. It has been found that, for most users, the actual irradiance when running at the previous set points was 11 to 15 % higher than the indicatedset point. The set points shown in this edition of D 4587 do not change the actual irradiances that have been historically used by these users. However, fo
33、r users ofequipment made by another manufacturer, the irradiance control system did not have the measurement inaccuracies described above, so running at the new set pointswill represent a change in the actual irradiance of the test. If in doubt, users should consult the manufacturer of their device
34、for clarification.DTemperature is at equilibrium for either an uninsulated or insulated black panel, although the response of the insulated black panel might be slower than that for theuninsulated black panel. Refer to Practice G 151 for more information about the construction and differences betwee
35、n uninsulated and insulated black panels.ETypical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.FSAE J2020 describes the test used in many automotive specifications and requires use of a FS40 fluor
36、escent UVB lamp.GHistorical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.D4587052material of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedtha
37、t at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G 154. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of theroom in which t
38、he device operates, temperature control, andcondition and age of the lamps.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Apparatus5.1 Use of fluorescent UV apparatus that conform to therequirements defined in Practices G
39、151 and G 154 is requiredto conform to this practice.NOTE 4A fluorescent UV apparatus that complied with Practice G53also complies with Practice G 154.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion of the fluorescent UV lamp shall conform to the require-ments in Practice G 154 for
40、a UVA 340 lamp.NOTE 5Fluorescent UV exposures described in SAE J2020 for auto-motive applications call for use of fluorescent UVB lamps.5.3 Test Chamber Location:5.3.1 Locate the apparatus in an area maintained between 18and 27C (65 and 80F). Measure ambient temperature at amaximum distance of 150 m
41、m (6 in.) from the plane door ofthe apparatus. Control of ambient temperature is particularlycritical when one apparatus is stacked above another, becausethe heat generated from the lower unit can interfere with theoperation of the units above.5.3.2 Place the apparatus at least 300 mm (12 in.) fromw
42、alls or other apparatus. Do not place the apparatus near a heatsource such as an oven.5.3.3 Ventilate the room in which the apparatus is located toremove heat and moisture.6. Hazards6.1 WarningIn addition to other precautions, never lookdirectly at the fluorescent UV lamp because UV radiation candam
43、age the eye. Turn the device off before removing panels forinspection.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with the sub-strate, method of preparation, method of application, coatingsystem, film thickness, and method of drying consistent withthe anticipated end use, or as mut
44、ually agreed upon betweenthe producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D 609, D 1730, or SpecificationD 358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposureapparatus.7.2.1 For specimens coated on insulating materials, such asf
45、oams, maximum specimen thickness is 20 mm in order toallow for adequate heat transfer for condensation.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Practices D 823,then measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-priate procedure selected from Test Methods D 1005, D 1186,or D 1400. Nondestruct
46、ive methods are preferred becausepanels so measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23 6 2C (73 6 3F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured
47、coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon by all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is covered.Do not use this covered area of the sp
48、ecimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G 147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimens oftest, control, and reference materials prio
49、r to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of allmaterials evaluated.7.9.1 When destructive tests are run, it is recommended thata sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that theproperty of interest can be determine
