1、Designation: D4587 11Standard Practice forFluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint andRelated Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in
3、fluorescent UV and condensation devices conducted accordingto Practices G151 and G154. This practice also covers thepreparation of test specimens, and the evaluation of test results.Table 1 describes commonly used test conditions.NOTE 1Previous versions of this practice referenced fluorescent UVdevi
4、ces described by Practice G53, which described very specific equip-ment designs. Practice G53 has been withdrawn and replaced by PracticeG151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices thatuse laboratory light sources, and by Practice G154, which gives require-ments for exposing
5、nonmetallic materials in fluorescent UV devices.NOTE 2ISO 11507:1997 also describes fluorescent UV-condensationexposures of paints and coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purp
6、ort to address all of thesafety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D358 Specificati
7、on for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel Surfac
8、esD659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of ExteriorPaints3D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree
9、of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry F
10、ilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
11、D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD3359 Test Methods for
12、 Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials3D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalkingof Exterior Paint FilmsD5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index ofPlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory St
13、udy toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommitt
14、ee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4587 05. DOI:10.1520/D4587-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-ExposureApparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-sure of Nonmetallic Materials3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing
17、Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Ope
18、rating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 11507:1997 Paints and VarnishesExposure of Coat-ings to Artificial WeatheringExposure to FluorescentUV and Water2.3 SAE Standard:5
19、SAE J2020 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using a Fluorescent UV Condensation Appara-tus3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physica
20、l and optical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and water can be very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notin
21、tended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biologicalattack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionsVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be
22、made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespecific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 3Additional information on sources of variabili
23、ty and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and dataanalysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from fluores-cent UV lamps is significantly different from that produced inlight and water exposure
24、devices using other light sources. Thetype and rate of degradation and the performance rankingsproduced in exposures to fluorescent UV lamps can be muchdifferent from those produced by exposures to other types oflaboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllabora
25、tories use the same design of fluorescent UV device,lamp, and exposure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.6,7Therefore, exp
26、osure of a similar4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/aerospace.sae.org.6Fische
27、r, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, ASTM, 1993.TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Fluorescent UVCondensation Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsACycle Num
28、ber Cycle Description 340 nm IrradianceB,CBlack Panel TemperatureDTypical UsesE1 8hUV4 h condensationRepeated continuously0.83 W/(m2nm)dark period70 6 2.5 C (158 6 5F)50 6 2.5 C (122 6 5F)Automotive coatingsF2 4hUV4 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark period60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2
29、.5 (122 6 5F)Industrial maintenance coatingsG3 4hUV20 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark period60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2.5 (122 6 5F)Exterior wood coatings4 8hUV4 h condensationRepeated continuously0.89 W/(m2nm)dark period60 6 2.5 (140 6 5F)50 6 2.5 (122 6 5F)General metal coatings
30、AThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications listed. Additional exposure cyclesare described in Practice G154.BThe irradiance set point given is typical for devices operated without irradiance control. Other irradia
31、nce levels may be used, but must be described in the report.CPrevious editions of Practice D4587 contained non-mandatory irradiance set points in Table 1 that were commonly used in the industry. The previous set points were0.72 and 0.77 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm for UVA 340 lamps. The measurement data use
32、d to establish these set points was inaccurate, due to an error in calibration on thepart of one manufacturer. It has been found that, for most users, the actual irradiance when running at the previous set points was 11 to 15 % higher than the indicatedset point. The set points shown in this edition
33、 of D4587 do not change the actual irradiances that have been historically used by these users. However, for users ofequipment made by another manufacturer, the irradiance control system did not have the measurement inaccuracies described above, so running at the new set pointswill represent a chang
34、e in the actual irradiance of the test. If in doubt, users should consult the manufacturer of their device for clarification.DTemperature is at equilibrium for either an uninsulated or insulated black panel, although the response of the insulated black panel might be slower than that for theuninsula
35、ted black panel. Refer to Practice G151 for more information about the construction and differences between uninsulated and insulated black panels.ETypical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use condit
36、ions.FSAE J2020 describes the test used in many automotive specifications and requires use of a FS40 fluorescent UVB lamp.GHistorical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.D4587 112material of known
37、performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according
38、to Practice G154. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of theroom in which the device operates, temperature control, andcondition and age of the lamps.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleus
39、ed.5. Apparatus5.1 Use of fluorescent UV apparatus that conform to therequirements defined in Practices G151 and G154 is required toconform to this practice.NOTE 4A fluorescent UV apparatus that complied with Practice G53also complies with Practice G154.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral p
40、ower distribu-tion of the fluorescent UV lamp shall conform to the require-ments in Practice G154 for a UVA 340 lamp.NOTE 5Fluorescent UV exposures described in SAE J2020 for auto-motive applications call for use of fluorescent UVB lamps.5.3 Test Chamber Location:5.3.1 Locate the apparatus in an are
41、a maintained between 18and 27C (65 and 80F). Measure ambient temperature at amaximum distance of 150 mm (6 in.) from the plane door ofthe apparatus. Control of ambient temperature is particularlycritical when one apparatus is stacked above another, becausethe heat generated from the lower unit can i
42、nterfere with theoperation of the units above.5.3.2 Place the apparatus at least 300 mm (12 in.) fromwalls or other apparatus. Do not place the apparatus near a heatsource such as an oven.5.3.3 Ventilate the room in which the apparatus is located toremove heat and moisture.6. Hazards6.1 WarningIn ad
43、dition to other precautions, never lookdirectly at the fluorescent UV lamp because UV radiation candamage the eye. Turn the device off before removing panels forinspection.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with the sub-strate, method of preparation, method of application,
44、 coatingsystem, film thickness, and method of drying consistent withthe anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed upon betweenthe producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D609, D1730, or SpecificationD358. Select panel sizes suita
45、ble for use with the exposureapparatus.7.2.1 For specimens coated on insulating materials, such asfoams, quickly check the specimens during the condensationperiod to verify that visible condensation is occurring on thespecimens. Perform this visual check once per week at leastone hour after the star
46、t of condensation.NOTE 6If condensation is not occurring, the most likely causeinvolves inadequate room-air cooling; (1) the laboratory temperature istoo high; (2) condensation temperature is set too low, or too close to roomtemperature; (3) thick specimens of insulating material may be preventingth
47、e room-air cooling necessary for condensation. For example, a 25 mmthick wood specimen may exhibit poor condensation with a condensationset point of 40C and a lab temperature of 30C; or (4) improper specimenmounting is allowing vapor to escape from the chamber.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with
48、 Practices D823, thenmeasure the film thickness in accordance with an appropriateprocedure selected from Test Methods D1005, D1186,orD1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred because panelsso measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23
49、6 2C (73 6 3F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon by all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimen
