1、Designation: D 4682 08An American National StandardStandard Specification forMiscibility with Gasoline and Fluidity of Two-Stroke-CycleGasoline Engine Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers four categories of lubricantsintended for
3、 use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasolineengines based on their miscibility with gasoline and theirlow-temperature fluidity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat perta
4、ins only to thetest methods described in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability o
5、f regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline3D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 874 Test
6、 Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity ofLubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fluidityof two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine lubri-cants, following industry
7、 practice, this term is used to desig-nate the absolute viscosity in millipascalseconds (centipoises)of the lubricant under test. In general usage, fluidity is thereciprocal of absolute viscosity.3.1.2 miscibilityof two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine lubri-cants, an inverse function of the time requir
8、ed for a fuel andlubricant introduced into the apparatus as separate phases toproduce a single-phase mixture by agitation under controlledconditions.4. Classification4.1 The candidate oils are classified into Categories 1through 4 according to the temperature at which the tests areconducted; respect
9、ively, 0C, 10C, 25C, and 40C. Eachcategory has its own reference oil, which is the same for boththe miscibility and fluidity tests.5. Qualification Requirements5.1 MiscibilityWhen tested in accordance with Section 6,candidate oils that mix with the gasoline in not more than 110% of the number of inv
10、ersions of the apparatus required to mixthe reference oil, and that do not separate on standing, qualifyas miscible.5.2 FluidityWhen tested in accordance with Section 7,candidate oils meet the requirements for fluidity if theirviscosity is not more than 10 % higher than that of thereference oil.TEST
11、 METHODS6. Miscibility Test Method6.1 Summary of Test MethodThe candidate oil and gaso-line are placed as separate phases in a stoppered-glass cylinderand mixed by end-over-end rotation of the cylinder undercontrolled conditions at the temperature appropriate to thecategory of the oil.NOTE 1This pro
12、cedure specifies that the lubricant be mixed withgasoline. Some fuels in current use are partially or predominatelycomposed of oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, and some lubri-cants that mix readily with gasoline may not mix with such fuels.Avariantprocedure can be run to determine the ability
13、of a lubricant to mix1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 198
14、7. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 468287(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3
15、Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.satisfactorily with a fuel consisting partially or wholly of oxygenates. Inthis case, run t
16、he miscibility test using the candidate oil in the oxygenateor oxygenate-containing fuel against the reference oil in gasoline.6.2 Significance and Use:6.2.1 The lubricants used in two-stroke-cycle gasoline en-gines normally reach the surfaces to be lubricated as a mixturewith the fuel. This mixture
17、 can either be prepared in advance,usually in the engine fuel tank, or can be produced by themetered injection of oil into the fuel stream at some pointbefore its entry into the engine crankcase. In either case, thefuel and lubricant shall be readily miscible, and if the lubricantis metered into the
18、 fuel stream, it shall be readily pumpable.Asit cannot be known in advance whether a given lubricant willbe mixed with the fuel in advance or be injected into the fuelstream by a metering pump, both miscibility and fluidity shallbe determined.6.2.2 The temperature at which the miscibility and fluidi
19、tyof an oil is determined does not necessarily reflect the expectedtemperature of use. For example, outboard motor manufactur-ers normally require the use of oils of Category 3, which aretested at 25C, even though outboards are rarely used at suchtemperatures. The reason is that Category 3 oils are
20、readilypumpable and will mix quite rapidly with gasoline at tempera-tures above about 5C with little or no agitation. This is animportant consideration for boats with outboard motors using afuel-oil mix that is made up in large built-in tanks which cannotreadily be stirred or shaken.6.3 Apparatus:6.
21、3.1 RotatorThis consists of three or four standard ap-paratus clamps to carry the cylinders specified in 6.3.2mounted on a horizontal shaft of about 12- to 14-mm diameterand about 300 mm long mounted between antifriction bearings,driven by an electric motor, and provided with a revolutioncounter. Th
22、e shaft is rotated at about 10 to 14 rpm so that thecylinders are continuously being inverted as the shaft rotates.Amaximum of three candidate oils can be run against onereference oil. While it would be possible to design apparatus tohandle a greater number of samples, four appears to be apractical
23、limit for ease of operation. In Fig. 1 a photograph ofa suitable rotator is shown.6.3.2 Four (or Fewer) Graduated Cylinders, 500 mL, ca-pable of remaining securely stoppered in any attitude. Thelength-to-diameter ratio of the cylinders may be in the rangefrom 10 to 12:1, but all cylinders used in th
24、e same test shall beidentical within normal commercial glassware tolerance.6.3.3 Stoppered Flask of about 500-mL capacity for eachgraduated cylinder.6.3.4 Freezer capable of maintaining a temperature control-lable within 61C in the range from 0 to 40C. The freezershall be provided with a transparent
25、 cover and be capable ofaccommodating the complete rotator assembly while in opera-tion, together with space for the storage of additional cylindersand flasks.Acover with two panes of glass or plastic separatedby an air space of about 10 to 15 mm is advised.6.4 Reagents and Materials:6.4.1 Reference
26、 OilsA different reference oil is requiredfor each miscibility/fluidity category. These are: for Category1, ASTM reference oil VI-GG;4for Category 2, ASTMreference oil VI-FF; for Category 3, ASTM reference oilVI-D;5and for Category 4, ASTM reference oil VI-II. SeeAnnexA1 for information on the compo
27、sition and properties ofthese oils.6.4.2 Any full-boiling-range gasoline meeting the generalrequirements of Specification D 439 volatility Classes A, B, orC can be used. When this procedure is run in conjunction withan engine performance test, it is the normal practice to use thegasoline specified f
28、or the performance test. Oxygenate blendsand other fuels containing nonhydrocarbon blending compo-nents shall not be used.6.5 Calibration and StandardizationAs a reference oil istested simultaneously with each set of candidate oils, no otherstandardization procedure is required.6.6 Procedure:6.6.1 A
29、pproximately 25 mL of the oil to be tested and 450mL of gasoline shall be available for each sample to be run,including the reference oil.6.6.2 Pour 19 to 21 mL each of the reference oil and of thecandidate oil(s) into separate 500-mL mixing cylinders andinsert their stoppers.6.6.3 It is preferred,
30、but not mandatory, to purge thecylinders with nitrogen before inserting the stoppers.6.6.4 Prepare one 395- to 405-mL sample of gasoline in astoppered flask for each oil sample to be tested, including thereference oil.6.6.5 Place the cylinders and the gasoline samples with therotator into a freezer
31、at the required test temperature for aminimum of 16 h. The cylinders may be attached to the rotatoror may be stored separately in the freezer at this time.6.6.6 At the end of the soak period (if this has not alreadybeen done), mount the mixing cylinders onto the rotator atabout 30 to the vertical, c
32、lamping them at about the 350-mLmark.6.6.7 Remove the stopper and empty one of the gasolinesamples into each cylinder in turn, pouring carefully down theside so as to minimize mixing. Replace and secure the stopperof each cylinder as soon as it has been filled.6.6.8 When all cylinders are charged wi
33、th gasoline, replacethe freezer cover and start the rotator.6.6.9 Watch the cylinders, and record for each the number ofrevolutions required for complete mixing of the gasoline andoil (no unmixed oil visible on the bottom with the cylinder4The sole source of supply of the reference oil known to the
34、committee at thistime is Lubrizol Corp., 29400 Lakeland Blvd,Wickliffe, OH 44092. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which yo
35、u may attend.5The sole source of supply of the reference oil known to the committee at thistime is Citgo No. 93734 from Citgo Petroleum Corp., 555 E. Butterfield Rd.,Lombard, IL 60148. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
36、comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, whichyou may attend.D4682082upside down). If difficulty is experienced with fogging of thetransparent freezer cover, proprietary antifogging compoundsare usually effective.6.6.10 After the test is complet
37、ed, leave the cylinders in thefreezer in the upright position for a 48 h minimum and checkfor phase separation. The cylinders may be left in place or maybe removed from the rotator during this portion of the test.6.6.11 Any candidate oil that requires over 10 % morerevolutions to mix than is require
38、d by the reference oil or thatseparates from the gasoline on standing fails. Otherwise pass.6.7 ReportReport the temperature at which the test wasconducted and the number of inversions (complete rotations ofthe rotator shaft) required to produce mixing of the candidateoil and of the reference oil us
39、ed, which shall be identified. NoteFIG. 1 RotatorD4682083the category assigned. If separation is observed, report thedegree of separation and the number of hours standing.6.8 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or the bias of the miscibility test, as no acceptedmethod is
40、 available to determine these in the case of pass-failresults.7. Fluidity Test Method7.1 Summary of Test MethodThe viscosity of the candi-date oil is determined by Test Method D 2983 (Brookfieldviscometer) at the same temperature as used for the miscibilitytest, and compared with that of the referen
41、ce oil. See 3.1.1regarding the use of the word fluidity in this context.NOTE 2The fluidity test is quite frequently used as a screen or as acontrol check for miscibility. Determine the miscibility-fluidity relation-ship experimentally for any specific lubricant, but in most cases it will befound tha
42、t a candidate oil will not qualify in a miscibility category if itdoes not meet the fluidity requirements of that category. For mixturesinvolving oxygenate-containing fuels or nonhydrocarbon lubricants suchas esters or polyglycols, the low-temperature viscosity cannot be usedsafely to predict miscib
43、ility, but can be used as a control after the abilityof the components to mix satisfactorily has been established.7.2 Significance and UseSee 6.2.7.3 ApparatusThe Brookfield viscometer and its associ-ated equipment are described in Section 6 of Test MethodD 2983.7.4 Reagents and MaterialsSee 6.4.7.5
44、 Calibration and StandardizationAs the results ob-tained from the Brookfield viscometer are critically dependenton its correct setup and functioning, the reference oil appro-priate to the temperature of the test shall be run immediatelybefore or after, preferably both before and after, any candidate
45、oils tested. If the viscometer is being used on a continuing basisfor control purposes, a reference oil check shall be made atfrequent and regular intervals.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 About 50 mL of oil is required for each test.7.6.2 Use the procedure of Test Method D 2983 to deter-mine the viscosity of t
46、he oil under test at the temperatureappropriate to the category desired, or at the lowest standardtest temperature above the pour point of the oil if the categoryof the candidate is unknown. The revolutions per minute of theBrookfield viscometer shall be reported, and shall be set inaccordance with
47、Section 8 of Test Method D 2983.7.6.3 The viscosity of the candidate oil shall be comparedwith that of the reference oil for the category run at theappropriate temperature immediately before or after the can-didate oil test under essentially identical conditions, preferablyin the same viscometer. If
48、 the reference oil viscosity isdetermined both before and after that of the candidate oil andthe values are within the repeatability range of Test MethodD 2983 (Section 13), either may be used. The reference oilviscosities given in Annex A1 are approximate and for infor-mation only.7.7 ReportReport
49、the Brookfield viscosity of the candi-date oil and of the reference oil, the temperature(s) at whichthey were determined, one of which shall be the same as thatat which the miscibility test was run, and the revolutions perminute used for each determination.7.8 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of this testmethod are as specified for Test Method D 2983.8. Keywords8.1 gasoline; low-temperature fluidity; miscibilityANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. REFERENCE OILSA1.1 Information on the composition and typical physicalproperties of the reference oil
