1、Designation: D4682 13Standard Specification forMiscibility with Gasoline and Fluidity of Two-Stroke-CycleGasoline Engine Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four categories of lubricantsintended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark
3、-ignition gasolineengines based on their miscibility with gasoline and theirlow-temperature fluidity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods de
4、scribed in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
5、to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn1990)3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D874 Test Method for Sulfa
6、ted Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu-bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fluidityof two-stroke-cycle gasoline enginelubricants, following industry practice, this te
7、rm is used todesignate the absolute viscosity in millipascalseconds (centi-poises) of the lubricant under test. In general usage, fluidity isthe reciprocal of absolute viscosity.3.1.2 miscibilityof two-stroke-cycle gasoline enginelubricants, an inverse function of the time required for a fueland lub
8、ricant introduced into the apparatus as separate phasesto produce a single-phase mixture by agitation under controlledconditions.4. Classification4.1 The candidate oils are classified into Categories 1through 4 according to the temperature at which the tests areconducted; respectively, 0 C, 10 C, 25
9、 C, and 40 C.Each category has its own reference oil that is the same forboth the miscibility and fluidity tests.5. Qualification Requirements5.1 MiscibilityWhen tested in accordance with Section 6,candidate oils that mix with the gasoline in not more than110 % of the number of inversions of the app
10、aratus required tomix the reference oil, and that do not separate on standing,qualify as miscible.5.2 FluidityWhen tested in accordance with Section 7,candidate oils meet the requirements for fluidity if theirviscosity is not more than 10 % higher than that of thereference oil.TEST METHODS6. Miscibi
11、lity Test Method6.1 Summary of Test MethodThe candidate oil and gaso-line are placed as separate phases in a stoppered-glass cylinderand mixed by end-over-end rotation of the cylinder undercontrolled conditions at the temperature appropriate to thecategory of the oil.NOTE 1This procedure specifies t
12、hat the lubricant be mixed withgasoline. Some fuels in current use are partially or predominatelycomposed of oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, and some lubri-cants that mix readily with gasoline may not mix with such fuels.Avariantprocedure can be run to determine the ability of a lubricant to
13、mix1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edi
14、tion approved in 2008 as D4682 08. DOI:10.1520/D4682-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The
15、last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1satisfactorily with a fuel consisting part
16、ially or wholly of oxygenates. Inthis case, run the miscibility test using the candidate oil in the oxygenateor oxygenate-containing fuel against the reference oil in gasoline.6.2 Significance and Use:6.2.1 The lubricants used in two-stroke-cycle gasoline en-gines normally reach the surfaces to be l
17、ubricated as a mixturewith the fuel. This mixture can either be prepared in advance,usually in the engine fuel tank, or can be produced by themetered injection of oil into the fuel stream at some pointbefore its entry into the engine crankcase. In either case, thefuel and lubricant shall be readily
18、miscible, and if the lubricantis metered into the fuel stream, it shall be readily pumpable.Asit cannot be known in advance whether a given lubricant willbe mixed with the fuel in advance or be injected into the fuelstream by a metering pump, both miscibility and fluidity shallbe determined.6.2.2 Th
19、e temperature at which the miscibility and fluidityof an oil is determined does not necessarily reflect the expectedtemperature of use. For example, outboard motor manufactur-ers normally require the use of oils of Category 3 that are testedat 25 C, even though outboards are rarely used at suchtempe
20、ratures. The reason is that Category 3 oils are readilypumpable and will mix quite rapidly with gasoline at tempera-tures above about 5 C with little or no agitation. This is animportant consideration for boats with outboard motors using afuel-oil mix that is made up in large built-in tanks that can
21、notreadily be stirred or shaken.6.3 Apparatus:6.3.1 RotatorThis consists of three or four standard appa-ratus clamps to carry the cylinders specified in 6.3.2 mountedon a horizontal shaft of about (12 to 14) mm diameter andabout 300 mm long mounted between antifriction bearings,driven by an electric
22、 motor, and provided with a revolutioncounter. The shaft is rotated at about (10 to 14) rpm so that thecylinders are continuously being inverted as the shaft rotates.Amaximum of three candidate oils can be run against onereference oil. While it would be possible to design apparatus tohandle a greate
23、r number of samples, four appears to be apractical limit for ease of operation. In Fig. 1 a photograph ofa suitable rotator is shown.6.3.2 Four (or Fewer) Graduated Cylinders, 500 mL, ca-pable of remaining securely stoppered in any attitude. Thelength-to-diameter ratio of the cylinders may be in the
24、 rangefrom 10 to 12:1, but all cylinders used in the same test shall beidentical within normal commercial glassware tolerance.6.3.3 Stoppered Flask of about 500 mL capacity for eachgraduated cylinder.6.3.4 Freezer capable of maintaining a temperature control-lable within 61 C in the range from (0 to
25、 40) C. Provide thefreezer with a transparent cover and be capable of accommo-dating the complete rotator assembly while in operation,together with space for the storage of additional cylinders andflasks. A cover with two panes of glass or plastic separated byan air space of about (10 to 15) mm is a
26、dvised.6.4 Reagents and Materials:6.4.1 Reference OilsA different reference oil is requiredfor each miscibility/fluidity category. These are: for Category1, ASTM reference oil VI-GG;4for Category 2, ASTMreference oil VI-FF; for Category 3, ASTM reference oilVI-D;5and for Category 4, ASTM reference o
27、il VI-II. SeeAnnexA1 for information on the composition and properties ofthese oils.6.4.2 Any full-boiling-range gasoline meeting the generalrequirements of Specification D439 volatility Classes A, B, orC can be used. When this procedure is run in conjunction withan engine performance test, it is th
28、e normal practice to use thegasoline specified for the performance test. Do not use oxy-genate blends and other fuels containing non-hydrocarbonblending components.6.5 Calibration and Standardization As a reference oil istested simultaneously with each set of candidate oils, no otherstandardization
29、procedure is required.6.6 Procedure:6.6.1 Approximately 25 mL of the oil to be tested and450 mL of gasoline shall be available for each sample to berun, including the reference oil.6.6.2 Pour (19 to 21) mLeach of the reference oil and of thecandidate oil(s) into separate 500 mL mixing cylinders andi
30、nsert their stoppers.6.6.3 It is preferred, but not mandatory, to purge thecylinders with nitrogen before inserting the stoppers.6.6.4 Prepare one (395 to 405) mL sample of gasoline in astoppered flask for each oil sample to be tested, including thereference oil.6.6.5 Place the cylinders and the gas
31、oline samples with therotator into a freezer at the required test temperature for aminimum of 16 h. The cylinders may be attached to the rotatoror may be stored separately in the freezer at this time.6.6.6 At the end of the soak period (if this has not alreadybeen done), mount the mixing cylinders o
32、nto the rotator atabout 30 to the vertical, clamping them at about the 350 mLmark.6.6.7 Remove the stopper and empty one of the gasolinesamples into each cylinder in turn, pouring carefully down theside so as to minimize mixing. Replace and secure the stopperof each cylinder as soon as it has been f
33、illed.6.6.8 When all cylinders are charged with gasoline, replacethe freezer cover and start the rotator.6.6.9 Watch the cylinders, and record for each the number ofrevolutions required for complete mixing of the gasoline andoil (no unmixed oil visible on the bottom with the cylinderupside down). If
34、 difficulty is experienced with fogging of thetransparent freezer cover, proprietary antifogging compoundsare usually effective.4The sole source of supply of the reference oil known to the committee at thistime is Lubrizol Corp., 29400 Lakeland Blvd,Wickliffe, OH 44092. If you are awareof alternativ
35、e suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the reference oil known to the committee at thistime is Citgo No. 93
36、734 from Citgo Petroleum Corp., 555 E. Butterfield Rd.,Lombard, IL 60148. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, whichyou may at
37、tend.D4682 1326.6.10 After the test is completed, leave the cylinders in thefreezer in the upright position for a 48 h minimum and checkfor phase separation. The cylinders may be left in place or maybe removed from the rotator during this portion of the test.6.6.11 Any candidate oil that requires ov
38、er 10 % morerevolutions to mix than is required by the reference oil or thatseparates from the gasoline on standing fails. Otherwise pass.6.7 ReportReport the temperature at which the test wasconducted and the number of inversions (complete rotations ofthe rotator shaft) required to produce mixing o
39、f the candidateoil and of the reference oil used (identify the reference oil).Note the category assigned. If separation is observed, report thedegree of separation and the number of hours standing.FIG. 1 RotatorD4682 1336.8 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or the bias
40、 of the miscibility test, as no acceptedmethod is available to determine these in the case of pass-failresults.7. Fluidity Test Method7.1 Summary of Test MethodThe viscosity of the candi-date oil is determined by Test Method D2983 (Brookfieldviscometer) at the same temperature as used for the miscib
41、ilitytest, and compared with that of the reference oil. See 3.1.1regarding the use of the word fluidity in this context.NOTE 2The fluidity test is quite frequently used as a screen or as acontrol check for miscibility. Determine the miscibility-fluidity relation-ship experimentally for any specific
42、lubricant, but in most cases it hasbeen found that a candidate oil does not qualify in a miscibility categoryif it does not meet the fluidity requirements of that category. For mixturesinvolving oxygenate-containing fuels or nonhydrocarbon lubricants suchas esters or polyglycols, the low-temperature
43、 viscosity cannot be usedsafely to predict miscibility, but can be used as a control after the abilityof the components to mix satisfactorily has been established.7.2 Significance and UseSee 6.2.7.3 ApparatusThe Brookfield viscometer and its associ-ated equipment are described in Section 6 of Test M
44、ethodD2983.7.4 Reagents and MaterialsSee 6.4.7.5 Calibration and StandardizationAs the results ob-tained from the Brookfield viscometer are critically dependenton its correct setup and functioning, run the reference oilappropriate to the temperature of the test immediately before orafter, preferably
45、 both before and after, any candidate oilstested. If the viscometer is being used on a continuing basis forcontrol purposes, make a reference oil check at frequent andregular intervals.7.6 Procedure:7.6.1 About 50 mL of oil is required for each test.7.6.2 Use the procedure of Test Method D2983 to de
46、terminethe viscosity of the oil under test at the temperature appropriateto the category desired, or at the lowest standard test tempera-ture above the pour point of the oil if the category of thecandidate is unknown. The revolutions per minute of theBrookfield viscometer shall be reported, and shal
47、l be set inaccordance with Section 8 of Test Method D2983.7.6.3 Compare the viscosity of the candidate oil with that ofthe reference oil for the category run at the appropriatetemperature immediately before or after the candidate oil testunder essentially identical conditions, preferably in the same
48、viscometer. If the reference oil viscosity is determined bothbefore and after that of the candidate oil and the values arewithin the repeatability range of Test Method D2983 (Section13), either may be used. The reference oil viscosities given inAnnex A1 are approximate and for information only.7.7 R
49、eportReport the Brookfield viscosity of the candi-date oil and of the reference oil, the temperature(s) at whichthey were determined, one of which shall be the same as thatat which the miscibility test was run, and the revolutions perminute used for each determination.7.8 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of this testmethod are as specified for Test Method D2983.8. Keywords8.1 gasoline; low-temperature fluidity; miscibilityANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. REFERENCE OILSA1.1 Information on the composition and typical physicalproperties of the
