1、Designation: D 4725 06Standard Terminology forEngine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4725; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document covers terminology relating to enginecoolants. It is intended to provide a reference for anyoneseeking information on engine coolants, and also to provi
3、de auniform set of definitions for use in preparing ASTM specifi-cations, test methods and other standard documents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
4、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3585 Specification for ASTM Reference Fluid for Cool-ant Tests3. Terminologyantifoam, na substance added to engine c
5、oolant concentrate,corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplemental coolant addi-tives to prevent or suppress foam.DISCUSSIONEliminating foam improves heat transfer.antifreeze, na term frequently used in the marketplace forengine coolant concentrate. (See engine coolant concen-trate.)antirust, nan inhi
6、bitor package, solid or liquid, intended tobe diluted with water or glycol for use in an engine coolingsystem to mitigate rust and corrosion.ash content, nthe residue from an engine coolant concen-trate, antirust, or engine coolant that remains after evapora-tion, charring, and ignition at strong he
7、at.boiling point, nthe temperature at which the vapor pressureof an engine coolant reaches atmospheric pressure underequilibrium boiling conditions.cavitation corrosion, na form of localized, acceleratedcorrosion characterized by deep pitting and caused by highmechanical forces resulting from coolan
8、t vapor bubblecollapse at the surface of the metal.cavitation erosion corrosion, nthe mechanical removal ofprotective films on metal by the formation and collapse ofvapor bubbles in a liquid,and the abrasive action of a liquid,which may contain suspended solids, moving at high veloc-ity.DISCUSSIONTh
9、e mechanical removal of the protective films exposesfresh metal to corrosive attack.coolant additive package, nthe combination of inhibitorsadded to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling systemdegradation, corrosion, scaling, and foaming, or to provideother desirable properties.corrosion inhibitor p
10、ackage, nthe combination of inhibi-tors added to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling systemcorrosion.corrosive water, na standard solution containing 100 ppmeach of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions introduced asthe sodium salts to distilled water.dye, na colorant added to an engine coolant
11、to give it adistinctive color.engine coolant, na fluid used to transfer heat from an engineto the radiator, usually containing specific amounts ofglycols, water, corrosion inhibitors, and a foam supressor.DISCUSSIONEngine coolants may also contain supplemental coolantadditives.engine coolant concent
12、rate, na formulated liquid productintended to be diluted with water for use in engine coolingsystems.DISCUSSIONFunctionally, the product provides a lower freeze pointand mitigates corrosion and foaming.engine dynamometer test, na laboratory full-scale enginetest designed to evaluate corrosion protec
13、tion and inhibitorstability of engine coolants under simulated operationalconditions.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006.
14、Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4725 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.erosion corrosion, nnonuniform, accelerated corrosioncharacterized by a smooth appearance and caused by high-velocity coolant.DISCUSSIONThe corrosive attack may be ag
16、gravated by suspendedsolids.extended life coolant, nan engine coolant for light-dutyservice vehicles with recommended change-out of the cool-ant after 160 000 km (100 000 miles), 5 years, or 4000operating hours.foaming tendencies, na laboratory test conducted in glass-ware to evaluate the tendency o
17、f an engine coolant to foamunder standard conditions of aeration and temperature.freezing point, nthe temperature at which crystallizationbegins in the absence of supercooling, or the maximumtermperature reached immediately after initial crystal forma-tion in the case of supercooling, or the tempera
18、ture at whichsolid crystals, formed on cooling, disappear when thetemperature of the specimen is allowed to rise.glassware corrosion test, na laboratory screening test forevaluating the corrosion protection properties of enginecoolants on metal test specimens under controlled conditionsof aeration a
19、nd temperature.glycol bottoms, nthe residue in the still after final distillationof most of the glycol and dimers, trimers and tetramers fromthe output stream of a glycol reactor.DISCUSSIONThe residue may include some glycol and dimers,trimers and tetramers, aldehydes, acids, and various other oxida
20、tionproducts. It is generally acidic, with a strong, offensive odor and a darkcolor. It is regarded as unsuitable for the production of engine coolant.glycol engine coolant concentrate, n an engine coolantconcentrate in which the freeze point depressant is ethyleneor propylene glycol, with inhibitor
21、s to minimize foamingand corrosion.DISCUSSIONSmall amounts of other glycols may be present.heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally close to the potential maxi-mums.heavy-duty engine, n in inter
22、nal combustion engine types,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically used in ( a) Class 5 to8 over-the-road trucks and buses, (b) off-highway machinery foragricultural, earthmoving, construction, and mining, (c) hig
23、h-outputstationary engine applications, and (d) locomotive and marine applica-tions.hydrometer-thermometer field tester, na device designedto indicate the freezing point of an engine coolant bymeasurement of the relative density of the coolant at aspecific temperature.inhibitor, na chemical compound
24、 added to engine coolant tomitigate cooling system degradation.DISCUSSIONExamples of inhibitors are corrosion inhibitors, foaminhibitors, and scale inhibitorslight-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are gener
25、ally much lower than the poten-tial maximums.light duty engine, n in internal combustion engine types,one that is designed to be normally operated at substantiallyless than its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically installed in (a) automo-biles, (b) pickup trucks, vans, and sport ut
26、ility vehicles, (c) small farmtractors, and (d) lawn maintenance equipment.liner pitting, ncavities that develop on the coolant side ofcast iron cylinder liners as a result of cavitation corrosion.DISCUSSIONThis predominantly occurs on the thrust side of heavy-duty diesel cylinder walls.low-silicate
27、 coolant concentrate, n an engine coolant con-centrate containing not more than 250 ppm silicon.multiphase coolant, nan engine coolant composed of im-miscible liquids or undissolved solids, or both.prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol coolant, na commer-cially prepared uniform solution (50 % by volume
28、 mini-mum) of ethylene-glycol-based engine coolant concentrateand deionized water (described in Specification D 1193,Type IV).DISCUSSIONThe prediluted coolant is intended for direct addition toan engine cooling system.recycled engine coolant, nengine coolant formulated usingother than virgin materia
29、ls.reference test fluid, na standard glycol-base test fluid,described in Specification D 3585, used by laboratories toevaluate test methods and procedures.refractometer, nan instrument used to indicate the freezingpoint of engine coolants by refractive index.relative density, nthe ratio of the mass
30、of a given volume ofliquid to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at thesame temperature.DISCUSSIONWhen reporting results, explicitly state the standardreference temperature (for example, relative density 15.56/15.56C(60/60F).reserve alkalinity, adja term applied to engine coolantconcentrates
31、and antirusts to indicate the amount of alkalineinhibitors present in the product.round-robin test, nthe practice of planning, conducting,analyzing, and interpreting the results of interlaboratory testson the chemical and physical properties of engine coolants.scale suppressant, na substance added t
32、o engine coolantconcentrates, corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplementalcoolant additives that helps prevent the formation of hardwater mineral scale.DISCUSSIONScale will insulate and reduce heat transfer.D4725062silicate gel, na jelly-like substance consisting of polymer-ized silicate and entrap
33、ped coolant.simulated service corrosion test, n evaluation of the effectsof a circulating engine coolant on metal test specimens andautomotive cooling system components under controlled,essentially isothermal laboratory conditions.soluble oil, na combination of mineral oil base and one ormore polar
34、organic materials, such as petroleum sulfonates,sulfated vegetable oils, and fatty acids or their salts.stop-leak additives, na compound containing particulatesthat is added to the cooling system for the purpose ofstopping or minimizing leaks.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) maintenance dose,nsma
35、ller periodic additions of SCA, subsequent to theprecharge dose of SCA, required to maintain protectionagainst general corrosion, cylinder liner pitting, and scalingin heavy-duty engines.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) precharge dose,ninitial concentration of SCA in engine coolant requiredto ena
36、ble the coolant to provide adequate protection againstcylinder liner pitting and scaling in heavy-duty engines plusgeneral corrosion protection when water only is used as acoolant.supercooling, nan unstable state in which an engine coolantexists as a liquid below its normal freezing point.virgin gly
37、col, nglycol that has not been used previously.4. Keywords4.1 antifreeze; engine coolant; terminologyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that det
38、ermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved o
39、r withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel th
40、at your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4725063
