1、Designation: D4725 11D4725 13Standard Terminology forEngine Coolants and Related Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4725; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document covers terminology relating to engine coolants. It is intended to provide a reference for anyone seekinginformation on engine co
3、olants, and also to provide a uniform set of definitions for use in preparing ASTM specifications, testmethods and other standard documents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard
4、to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty ServiceD3585 Spe
5、cification for ASTM Reference Fluid for Coolant TestsD4985 Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines Requiring a Pre-Chargeof Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)D6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD
6、6471 Specification for Recycled Prediluted Aqueous Glycol Base Engine Coolant (50 Volume % Minimum) for Automobileand Light-Duty ServiceD6472 Specification for Recycled Glycol Base Engine Coolant Concentrate for Automobile and Light-Duty ServiceE1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol2.2
7、ISO Standard:ISO 22241 Diesel engines - NOx reduction agent AUS 323. Terminologyantifoam, na substance added to engine coolant concentrate, corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplemental coolant additives toprevent or suppress foam.DISCUSSIONEliminating foam improves heat transfer.antifreeze, na term
8、 frequently used in the marketplace for engine coolant concentrate. (See engine coolant concentrate.)antirust, nan inhibitor package, solid or liquid, intended to be diluted with water or glycol for use in an engine cooling systemto mitigate rust and corrosion.ash content, nthe residue from an engin
9、e coolant concentrate, antirust, or engine coolant that remains after evaporation, charring,and ignition at strong heat.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.92on Terminology.Curre
10、nt edition approved June 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published August 2011October 2013. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 asD4725 08a.D4725 11. DOI: 10.1520/D4725-11.10.1520/D4725-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cu
11、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
12、the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright
13、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1boiling point, nthe temperature at which the vapor pressure of an engine coolant reaches atmospheric pressure under equilibriumboiling conditions.cavitation corrosion, na form of localized, accel
14、erated corrosion characterized by deep pitting and caused by high mechanicalforces resulting from coolant vapor bubble collapse at the surface of the metal.cavitation erosion corrosion, nthe mechanical removal of protective films on metal by the formation and collapse of vaporbubbles in a liquid,and
15、 the abrasive action of a liquid, which may contain suspended solids, moving at high velocity.DISCUSSIONThe mechanical removal of the protective films exposes fresh metal to corrosive attack.coolant additive package, nthe combination of inhibitors added to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling syste
16、m degradation,corrosion, scaling, and foaming, or to provide other desirable properties.corrosion inhibitor package, nthe combination of inhibitors added to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling system corrosion.corrosive water, na standard solution containing 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, and
17、bicarbonate ions introduced as thesodium salts to distilled water.diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), npreparation of aqueous urea (NH2)2CO, containing 32.5 % by weight of technically pure ureain high-purity water with quality characteristics defined by ISO 22241.dye, na colorant added to an engine coolant
18、to give it a distinctive color.engine coolant, na fluid used to transfer heat from an engine to the radiator, usually containing specific amounts of glycols,water, corrosion inhibitors, and a foam supressor.DISCUSSIONEngine coolants may also contain supplemental coolant additives.engine coolant conc
19、entrate, na formulated liquid product intended to be diluted with water for use in engine cooling systems.DISCUSSIONFunctionally, the product provides a lower freeze point and mitigates corrosion and foaming.engine dynamometer test, na laboratory full-scale engine test designed to evaluate corrosion
20、 protection and inhibitor stabilityof engine coolants under simulated operational conditions.erosion corrosion, nnonuniform, accelerated corrosion characterized by a smooth appearance and caused by highvelocitycoolant.DISCUSSIONThe corrosive attack may be aggravated by suspended solids.extended life
21、 coolant, nan engine coolant for light-duty service vehicles with recommended change-out of the coolant after 160000 km (100 000 miles), 5 years, or 4000 operating hours.foaming tendencies, na laboratory test conducted in glassware to evaluate the tendency of an engine coolant to foam understandard
22、conditions of aeration and temperature.freezing point, nthe temperature at which crystallization begins in the absence of supercooling, or the maximum termperaturereached immediately after initial crystal formation in the case of supercooling, or the temperature at which solid crystals, formedon coo
23、ling, disappear when the temperature of the specimen is allowed to rise.glassware corrosion test, na laboratory screening test for evaluating the corrosion protection properties of engine coolants onmetal test specimens under controlled conditions of aeration and temperature.glycol bottoms, nthe res
24、idue in the still after final distillation of most of the glycol and dimers, trimers and tetramers from theoutput stream of a glycol reactor.DISCUSSIOND4725 132The residue may include some glycol and dimers, trimers and tetramers, aldehydes, acids, and various other oxidation products. It is general
25、ly acidic,with a strong, offensive odor and a dark color. It is regarded as unsuitable for the production of engine coolant.glycol engine coolant concentrate, n an engine coolant concentrate in which the freeze point depressant is ethylene or propyleneglycol, with inhibitors to minimize foaming and
26、corrosion.DISCUSSIONSmall amounts of other glycols may be present.heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally close to the potential maximums.heavy-duty engine, n in internal combustion engine typ
27、es, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close toits peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically used in (a) Class 5 to 8 over-the-road trucks and buses, (b) off-highway machinery for agricultural, earthmoving,construction, and mining, (c) high-output stationary engi
28、ne applications, and (d) locomotive and marine applications.hydrometer-thermometer field tester, na device designed to indicate the freezing point of an engine coolant by measurementof the relative density of the coolant at a specific temperature.inhibitor, na chemical compound added to engine coola
29、nt to mitigate cooling system degradation.DISCUSSIONExamples of inhibitors are corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and scale inhibitorslight-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally much lower tha
30、n the potential maximums.light duty engine, n in internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to be normally operated at substantially less thanits peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically installed in (a) automobiles, (b) pickup trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles, (c)
31、small farm tractors, and (d) lawnmaintenance equipment.liner pitting, ncavities that develop on the coolant side of cast iron cylinder liners as a result of cavitation corrosion.DISCUSSIONThis predominantly occurs on the thrust side of heavy-duty diesel cylinder walls.low-silicate coolant concentrat
32、e, n an engine coolant concentrate containing not more than 250 ppm silicon.multiphase coolant, nan engine coolant composed of immiscible liquids or undissolved solids, or both.other glycols, nin ethylene glycol based engine coolant, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propy
33、leneglycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and 1,3 propanediol.other glycols, nin propylene glycol based engine coolant, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and 1,3 propanediol.prediluted aqueous ethylene gly
34、col coolant, na commercially prepared uniform solution (50 % by volume minimum) ofethylene-glycol-based engine coolant concentrate and deionized water (described in Specification D1193, Type IV).DISCUSSIONThe prediluted coolant is intended for direct addition to an engine cooling system.D4725 133pro
35、pylene glycol, nin engine coolants, 1,2 propanediol as referred to in Specifications D3306, D4985, D6210, D6471, D6472,and E1177.recycled engine coolant, nengine coolant formulated using other than virgin materials.redistilled glycol, nglycol that is reprocessed/recycled from used aqueous glycol bas
36、e engine coolants or glycols produced fromother sources, including industrial processes by volatilizing and condensing the glycol components within distillation equipment.DISCUSSIONEfforts are being made within D15.15 on Recycled Coolants, to produce a specification for redistilled glycol that addre
37、sses recycling used aqueousglycol base engine coolants and glycols from other sources, including industrial processes.reference test fluid, na standard glycol-base test fluid, described in Specification D3585, used by laboratories to evaluate testmethods and procedures.refractometer, nan instrument
38、used to indicate the freezing point of engine coolants by refractive index.relative density, nthe ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at the sametemperature.DISCUSSIONWhen reporting results, explicitly state the standard reference temperature (f
39、or example, relative density 15.56/15.56C (60/60F).reserve alkalinity, adja term applied to engine coolant concentrates and antirusts to indicate the amount of alkaline inhibitorspresent in the product.round-robin test, nthe practice of planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting the results o
40、f interlaboratory tests on thechemical and physical properties of engine coolants.scale suppressant, na substance added to engine coolant concentrates, corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplemental coolantadditives that helps prevent the formation of hard water mineral scale.DISCUSSIONScale will ins
41、ulate and reduce heat transfer.silicate gel, na jelly-like substance consisting of polymerized silicate and entrapped coolant.simulated service corrosion test, n evaluation of the effects of a circulating engine coolant on metal test specimens andautomotive cooling system components under controlled
42、, essentially isothermal laboratory conditions.soluble oil, na combination of mineral oil base and one or more polar organic materials, such as petroleum sulfonates, sulfatedvegetable oils, and fatty acids or their salts.stop-leak additives, na compound containing particulates that is added to the c
43、ooling system for the purpose of stopping orminimizing leaks.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) maintenance dose, nsmaller periodic additions of SCA, subsequent to the prechargedose of SCA, required to maintain protection against general corrosion, cylinder liner pitting, and scaling in heavy-duty
44、engines.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) precharge dose, ninitial concentration of SCA in engine coolant required to enable thecoolant to provide adequate protection against cylinder liner pitting and scaling in heavy-duty engines plus general corrosionprotection when water only is used as a cool
45、ant.supercooling, nan unstable state in which an engine coolant exists as a liquid below its normal freezing point.test strip, na diagnostic tool that contains chemically treated test pads that react with the sample causing the test pad to changecolor. The test pad is then compared to a calibrated t
46、est key to determine the level of a target ingredient.virgin glycol, nglycol that has not been used previously.D4725 1344. Keywords4.1 antifreeze; engine coolant; terminologyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mention
47、edin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and
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