1、Designation: D 4771 02Standard Performance Specification forKnitted Upholstery Fabrics for Indoor Furniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers the performancerequirements for knitted upholstery fabrics as used in themanufactu
3、re of new indoor furniture for general domestic use.These requirements apply to both the wale and course direc-tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in contract, porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor forwove
4、n fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coatedfabrics (such as vinyls and urethanes).1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its us
5、e. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use. See Note 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 2905 Practice for Statement
6、s on Number of Specimensfor Textiles2D 4033 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at theSewn Seam in Upholstery Fabrics (Dynamic FatigueMethod)32.2 AATCC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method16 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes107 Colorfastness t
7、o Water116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumiditiesEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for StainingEvaluation Procedure No. 9Step AATCC ChromaticTransference Sc
8、ale2.3 Federal Standard:16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulations52.4 Military Standard:ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes62.5 Other Documents:Joint Industry Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guide-l
9、ines7Guides for the Household Furniture Industry8California Bulletin 1179UFAC Fabric Classification Test Method for CigaretteSmolder Resistance10NOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current edit
10、ions of each test method cited shall prevail113. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contract furniture, nfurniture manufactured for usein non-household applications.3.1.2 indoor furniture, nfurniture manufactured for use inthe interior of a building.3.1.3 upholstery fabric, nthe exterior fabric coveri
11、ngapplied to a furniture unit.3.1.4 upholstered furniture, nfurniture covered with suchmaterials as textiles or leather and generally with padding orcushions, or both.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.6
12、3 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition approved April 2002. Published July 2002. Originally publishedas D 4771 88. Last previous edition D 4771 95(2001).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.4AATCC Technical Manual, available from the American Association
13、of TextileChemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,
14、Attn: NPODS.7Issued 1980, available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association,Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.8Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis-sion, Washington, DC 20580. Promulgated by the FTC on Dec. 21, 1973, to beeffective on March 21, 1974.9Availabl
15、e from California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of HomeFurnishings, 3485 Orange Grove Ave., North Highlands, CA 95660.10Available from UFAC Central, Box 2436, High Point, NC 27261.11The carbon-arc and xenon fade-ometers available from the Atlas ElectricDevices Co., 4114 N. Ravenswood Ave.,
16、Chicago, IL 60613, have been foundsatisfactory for this test method.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D 123. Definitions found i
17、na dictionary of common terms are suitable for terms used inthis specification.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of knitted upholstery fabrics shall con-form to the specification requirements in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of the
18、requirements listed in Table 1.5.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be producedutilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-struction variables (for example, type of fibers, percentage offibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemicaland mechanical finishes.) Add
19、itionally, fashion or aestheticsdictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articlesmade from fabrics that do not conform to all of the require-ments in Table 1.5.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thise
20、nd-use.5.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest method are discussed in the approprjiate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Test Methods6.1 Resistance to Yarn SlippageDetermine the resistanceto yarn slippage (seam integrity) as directed in Test MethodD 4033.NOTE 2Yarn sli
21、ppage at the seams in knit fabrics is a relatively rareoccurrence, limited to certain types of knit fabrics, for example, coarse-gage Raschels and weft insertion knits. By a substantial majority, thefailures which occur at the seams in knit fabrics are splitting or tearingcaused by needle cutting or
22、 weak yarns, or both, and stitch line threadbreakage. All or any of these problems can be discovered in Test MethodD 4033 if they exist in any fabric or stitch line. If it is suspected that theproblem is needle cutting, seams should be sewn with progressivelysmaller needles until a “passing” result
23、is obtained. Then it is equallyimportant to specify that production on that particular fabric should besewn only with the needle size and type with which the “passing” resultwas obtained. The sewn seam shall contain a stitch density of sevenstitches per inch (25.4 mm) and a minimum of 0.5-in. (12.7-
24、mm) seamallowance. Experience has indicated that a Size 22 (or smaller) needlewith a light ball point will successfully sew most knitted upholsteryfabrics; however, if needle cutting problems do occur, simply changing tosmaller ball point needles will usually solve most problems. If productioncondit
25、ions dictate that smaller needles cannot be used because of breakageproblems, then the knit construction must be reviewed for potentialchange. Another point of equal importance is that knit upholstery fabricsshould never be sewn with regular point, sharp point (SET), or cuttingpoint needles. Knit fa
26、brics should also never be sewn with medium orheavy ball point needles, that is nothing but the light ball point (SES)needle should be used.6.2 Dimensional ChangeDetermine dimensional changeas directed in the Joint-Industry Knit Upholstery Fabric Stan-dards and Guidelines.6.3 Colorfastness to Water:
27、6.3.1 Determine colorfastness to water as directed inAATCC 107.6.3.2 This method provides a procedure to evaluate colorchange within the cleaned area under standardized conditions.Although not directly related to consumer cleansing withwater-base or solvent-base cleansing agents, it will givereliabl
28、e information on the fastness of the fabric coloration towater and solvent, which are the principal agents that wouldcause color migration or bleeding, or both. In this context, thecolor change occurring in these tests denotes any change due tocolor loss or bleeding and migration of one color to ano
29、therwithin the cleaned area.6.3.3 In the evaluation of the test results, the fabric tested iscompared against the original to establish color change.6.3.4 Those fabrics that are not fast to water or solventmedia, or both, and show a color change, should be so labeled.6.4 Colorfastness to SolventDete
30、rmine the colorfastnessto solvent as directed in AATCC Method 107 using themodifications presented in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.6.4.1 Use technical grade perchloroethylene for the testsolution.NOTE 3Warning: Perchloroethylene is toxic, and the usual precau-tions for handling chlorinated solvents should be tak
31、en. Use only underwell-ventilated conditions. The solvent is nonflammable.NOTE 4The rollers in the wringer used should be such that they willnot be affected by the solvent.6.4.2 After loading the specimens in the Perspiration Tester,Perspirometer, or similar device, allow them to stand for2hinthe pr
32、evailing room atmosphere. Do not press or iron thespecimens.6.4.3 See 6.3.2-6.3.4.6.4.4 The precision and bias for the modified procedure fordetermining colorfastness to solvent has not been established.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristics Requirements SectionResistance to yarn slippage
33、18in. max at 7000 cycles 6.1Dimensional change:Wale or course 5.0 % shrinkage max, to 2.0 %gain max6.2Colorfastness to:AWater, Color Change Grade 4Bmin 6.3Solvent, Color Change Grade 4Bmin 6.4Crocking:Dry Grade 4Cmin 6.5Wet Grade 3Cmin 6.5Burnt gas fumes2 cycles Grade 4Bmin 6.6Light40 AATCC Fading U
34、nits Grade 4Bmin 6.7Ozone 1 cycle Grade 4Bmin 6.8Retention of hand, character,and appearanceShall not change more thanlimitations set by prior agree-ment between the buyer and theseller6.9Durability of back coating No peeling or cracking of thebackcoating shall occur; durabil-ity shall be compatible
35、 with clean-ing code6.10Flammability:California Bulletin 117 pass 6.11.1UFAC Fabric Classification Class Ivertical char length isequal to or less than 1.75 in.6.11.2Class IIvertical char length isgreater than 1.75 in.FTC Requirements pass 6.12AThe grade rating in the colorfastness requirements is ba
36、sed on a numericalscale of 5 for negligible for no color change or color transfer to 1 for very severecolor change or color transfer.BAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.CAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.D 47712The method is accordingly not recommended for acceptancetesting unless preceded by an int
37、erlaboratory check test in thelaboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplierusing randomized replicate specimens of the material(s) to beevaluated.6.5 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to wet and dry crocking as directed in AATCC Method 8for solid shades and AATCC
38、 Method 116 for prints, or asagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.6.6 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas FumesDetermine thecolorfastness to burnt gas fumes as directed in AATCC Method23. Do not wash or dry-clean these fabric specimens eitherbefore or after testing.6.7 Colorfastness to LightDet
39、ermine the colorfastness tolight as directed in AATCC Method 16.NOTE 5There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC Method 16, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case
40、of controversy, results obtained with the water-cooled xenon-arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.6.8 Colorfastness to OzoneDetermine the colorfastness toozone as directed in AATCC Method 129.6.9 Retention of Hand, Character, and AppearanceAfterthe fabric has been tested as directed in 6.3-6
41、.5, it should beevaluated for any change in hand, character, or appearance.NOTE 6Water tests would not apply, if labeled “Solvent Clean Only.”6.10 Durability of Back CoatingAfter the fabric has beentested as directed in 6.3-6.5, it should be evaluated for crackingor peeling of the back coating.6.11
42、Flammability The flammability requirements shallbe as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier,provided they meet or exceed those of Part 1610 of theFlammable Fabric Act Regulations.6.11.1 Fabrics sold and used in California must be tested asdirected in California Bulletin 117.6.11.2 All u
43、pholstery fabrics shall be evaluated for cigaretteignition resistance by the UFAC Fabric Classification TestMethod.6.12 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) RequirementsTheFTC promulgated the Guides for the Household FurnitureIndustry5. Although the Textile Fiber Products IdentificationAct specifically ex
44、empts outer coverings of furniture from theapplication of the act, the FTC has very specific regulationscovered in detail in Guide 5 of the Guides for the HouseholdFurniture Industry. In brief, this rule covers the following:6.12.1 False or deceptive representation as to fiber content.6.12.2 How to
45、identify fibers properly in advertising.6.12.3 How to identify fibers properly on tags or labels.6.12.4 Restrictions concerning representation of fabric tests.6.12.5 Restrictions concerning representation of perfor-mance characteristics of upholstery fabrics.7. Keywords7.1 indoor furniture; knitted
46、upholstery fabricASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
47、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
48、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
49、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 47713
