1、Designation: D4806 10Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to b
3、e blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel covered by SpecificationD4814. The significance of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measuremen
4、t are included in thisstandard.1.3 The user is advised to check with the national regulatoryagencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfurlimit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions mayallow or require other
5、denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity
6、 of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength
7、Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro
8、leum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Sp
9、ark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Contentof Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Me
10、thod for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe
11、of Ethanol,Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7318 T
12、est Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Inorganic
13、 Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in FuelEthanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous SampleInjectionE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
14、 SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D480609. DOI:10.1520/D4806-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:Uni
17、ted States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 2133. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent t
18、he imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants
19、 under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (including water)that do not aff
20、ect the use of the product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocar-bons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitablefor use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines.D48143.2.6 gasoline-ethanol blend
21、, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35mass % oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms S
22、pecific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure
23、that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with a gasoline. (See Note2.)NOTE 2For pu
24、rposes of determining conformance with these speci-fication limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded“to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressingthe specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of PracticeE29. For a specification
25、limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero issignificant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limitexpressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This conven-tion applies to specified l
26、imits in this table (4.1) and will not be observedin the remainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corro-sion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity (acidityas acetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although t
27、he basefuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these3A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:
28、/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content,mg/100 mL, max5.0 D381Water, volume %,
29、 max 1.0 E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, massppm (mg/L), max10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acidCH3COOH),mass % (mg/L), max0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453,orD7039Total sulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D73
30、19,orD7328D4806 102additives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of your denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requirements of 4.1.4.2 Other
31、PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.5. Denaturants5.1 Denaturing FormulasFuel ethanol is rendered unfitfor beverage use by the addition of denaturants under f
32、ormulasapproved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau(TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allow thedenatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverageexcise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the prepa-rati
33、on, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanolformulas are published in the United States Code of FederalRegulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuelethanol allowed by this specification shall contain a minimumof 1.96 volume % denaturant. The United States InternalRevenue
34、 Service (IRS) established a maximum of 2.5 vol-ume % denaturant that qualifies the entire volume of denaturedfuel ethanol for full Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit(VEETC). The user is advised to consult the IRS to determinethe amount of the VEETC for denatured fuel ethanol withdenaturant levels
35、 between 2.5 and 5 volume %. The maximumdenaturant allowed by this specification is 5 volume %. Thelimits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.1.1 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTBregulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to t
36、he ethanol prior to shipping. Thedenaturant content is determined by the ratio of metereddenaturant and ethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. TheTTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements forthe denaturer. These regulations include records of the quanti-ties of ethanol and denatu
37、rant added in the denaturing process.The TTB periodically audits the denaturing facilities andassociated records for compliance with these regulations. Theregulations do not require the receiver to analytically verifythat the material added was an approved denaturant or that itwas added within the n
38、ecessary concentration range. Approvedanalytical methods or calculations do not exist to permit any ofthe following: (1) to confirm compliance with this section ofthe specification after the denaturing process, (2) to determinethat the denaturant used was approved by the TTB or allowedin this specif
39、ication, (3) to quantify the ratio of denaturantadded during the denaturing process, or (4) to distinguishbetween the hydrocarbons added as part of the denaturingprocess and those absorbed later in the distribution system.5.1.2 A buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within aspecific range (for ex
40、ample, 1.96 to 2.5 volume %). A buyermay also ask the denaturer to certify the range used for thedenaturant addition. A buyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certifi-cation of conformance with the product from that commin-gling. The blender may use
41、this certification of conformancefor the product to demonstrate compliance with the denaturantlimit in the IRS Notice 2009-06 titled, “Calculation of Volumeof Alcohol for Fuel Credits; Denaturants.” If the product isshipped directly from a denaturer to a blender, the initialcertification from the de
42、naturer may be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot bedetermined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the original denaturer.5.2 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowedfor the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specificatio
43、n arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline.Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons absorbedby the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distri-bution system is not denaturant. The fuel ethanol formulasapproved by the TTB for fuel use include denaturing materi
44、alswhich are not allowed by this ASTM specification. It is thedenaturers responsibility to consult the regulations to ensurelegal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.3 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsth
45、e use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance,promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mentionmust be made of some materials that have extremely adverseeffec
46、ts on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuel systems.These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows: metha-nol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecularweight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossil vegetablematter
47、). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuel stability orincrease the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend to corrodemetals and attack elastomers. These effects become moreserious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 part
48、s by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above; but unless a denaturant, such as ahigher aliphatic alcohol or ether, is known to have no adverseTABLE 2 Denaturant LimitsLimit, volume % Source Requirement1.96 min TTB TTB For
49、mulas require aminimum of two parts of approveddenaturant to 100 parts ofethanol with a minimum of 195proof ethanol.ASTM The minimum amount ofdenaturant allowed by thisspecification.2.5 maxAIRSAThe maximum amount ofdenaturant the IRS considers partof the denatured fuel ethanol forfull VEETC credit.5 max ASTM The maximum amount ofdenaturant allowed by thisspecification.ASee Appendix X3 for additional information on the IRS limit.D4806 103effect on a gasoline-ethanol blend or on automotive engines orfuel systems, it shall not be used.6. Workmanship6.1 The denatur
