1、Designation: D4806 12D4806 13Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intend
3、ed to be blended with unleaded or leadedgasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814. The significanceof this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethano
4、l is denatured and used. The sulfur limitand denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow orrequire other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units
5、 of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the method modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of t
6、his standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels b
7、y Jet EvaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods fo
8、r Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gra
9、vity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Co
10、ntainers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Det
11、ermination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practi
12、ce for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition appro
13、ved Dec. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published February 2013May 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asD4806D4806 12.11a. DOI: 10.1520/D4806-12.10.1520/D4806-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version
15、. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section
16、 appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olef
17、in Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Dete
18、rmination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by DirectInjection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample In
19、jectionD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Tes
20、t Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variou
21、s industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable f
22、or beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel eth
23、anol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethano
24、l with other components common to its production (including water) thatdo not affect the use of the product as a component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel
25、 in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass% oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or e
26、ther, which may be used as a fuelor fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denatured fuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is denatured as specified in Section 5,
27、it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to thenearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in e
28、xpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. Fora specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer,and the right-most digit is non-zero, the
29、right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limitsin Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can aff
30、ect the titratable acidity (acidity as acetic3 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Cod
31、e of Federal Regulations may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.D4806 132acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although the base fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these additives can producean apparent high titratable acidity of the finis
32、hed product. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding the titratable acidity of the denaturedfuel ethanol to verify that the base fuel ethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification o
33、f additional properties such ascolor, may be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0
34、(1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453, or D7039Existent sulfate, mass ppm,
35、max 4 D7318, D7319, or D7328D4806 1335. Denaturants5.1 General Requirements:5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline. Small amounts of the same or similar hydroc
36、arbons absorbed by thedenatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distribution system is not denaturant.Ajurisdiction can maintain approved formulasto denature alcohol for fuel use. This specification is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturants that could providesatisfactory performanc
37、e for other uses could cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanol formulas approved by thealcohol regulatory agency for fuel use could include denaturing materials which are not allowed by this ASTM specification. Itis the denaturers responsibility to consult the regulations to ensure
38、legal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibits the use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than 225Cas determined by Test Method D86, although they may be pe
39、rmitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance, promotepiston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mention must be made of some materials that have extremely adverse effects on fuelstability, automotive engines, and fuel systems. These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuel e
40、thanol under anycircumstances. They are as follows: methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis productsof fossil or nonfossil vegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuel stability or increase the tendency of agasoline-ethanol blend to corrode me
41、tals and attack elastomers. These effects become more serious if the concentration of a ketonesuch as 4-methyl pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part by volume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. Thereis no information available on the effects of denaturants other than those mentio
42、ned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5 volume%).Abuyer may also ask the denaturer to certify the range used for the denaturant addition.Ab
43、uyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certification of conformance with the product from that commingling. Theblender may use this certification of conformance for the product to demonstrate compliance with the denaturant limits. If theproduct is shi
44、pped directly from a denaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the denaturer may be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the original denaturer. The limits for the denaturan
45、t addition are shown in Table 2.5.2 Denaturing FormulasUnited States Denaturant Regulations: Fuel ethanol is rendered unfit for beverage use by theaddition of denaturants under formulas approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S. TreasuryDepartment that allow the dena
46、tured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverage excise tax and to be distributed and usedas a fuel component without TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the preparation, handling, distribution and use of denaturedethanol formulas are published in the United States Code of Federal Regul
47、ations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuelethanol allowed by this specification shall contain a minimum of 1.96 volume % denaturant. The United States Internal RevenueService (IRS) established a maximum of 2.5 volume % denaturant that qualifies the entire volume of denatured fuel eth
48、anol forfull Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC). The user is advised to consult the IRS to determine the amount of the VEETCfor denatured fuel ethanol with denaturant levels between 2.5 and 5 volume %. The maximum denaturant allowed by thisspecification is 5 volume %. The limits for the de
49、naturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2.1 Denaturing FormulasIn the United States, ethanol is rendered unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturantsunder formulas approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allowthe denatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the preparation, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanol formulasare published in the United
