1、Designation: D4806 13aD4806 14Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol inten
3、ded to be blended with unleaded or leadedgasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814. The significanceof this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethan
4、ol is denatured and used. The sulfur limitand denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow orrequire other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other unit
5、s of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the method modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
6、this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels
7、by Jet EvaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods f
8、or Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gr
9、avity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample C
10、ontainers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for De
11、termination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Pract
12、ice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Compone
13、nts.Current edition approved June 15, 2013June 1, 2014. Published July 2013July 2014. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asD4806 13.D4806 13a. DOI: 10.1520/D4806-13A.10.1520/D4806-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM
14、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made t
15、o the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summ
16、ary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for
17、 Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7318 Test Metho
18、d for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potentia
19、l Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol
20、Blends by TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fi
21、scher Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ fr
22、om those specific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agen
23、cy to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addit
24、ion of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol with other components common to its production (including
25、water) thatdo not affect the use of the product as a component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.6
26、gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass% oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuelor fuel supplement. D48143.
27、3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denatured fuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is denatured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of
28、 blending with gasoline. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to thenearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the ro
29、unding method of Practice E29. Fora specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer,and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point bein
30、g specified. This convention applies to specified limits3 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.go
31、v/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.D4806 142in Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the
32、 titratable acidity (acidity as aceticacid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although the base fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these additives can producean apparent high titratable acidity of the finished product. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a ques
33、tion regarding the titratable acidity of the denaturedfuel ethanol to verify that the base fuel ethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification of additional properties such ascolor, may be agreed upon bet
34、ween the supplier and the purchaser.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max
35、 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613 or D7795Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L) mg/kg, max0.007 (56) 70 (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120,Existent s
36、ulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319, orD7328D4806 1435. Denaturants5.1 General Requirements:5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline. Small amounts of the same
37、or similar hydrocarbons absorbed by thedenatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distribution system is not denaturant.Ajurisdiction can maintain approved formulasto denature alcohol for fuel use. This specification is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturants that could providesatisf
38、actory performance for other uses could cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanol formulas approved by thealcohol regulatory agency for fuel use could include denaturing materials which are not allowed by this ASTM specification. Itis the denaturers responsibility to consult the regul
39、ations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibits the use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than 225Cas determined by Test Method D86, althou
40、gh they may be permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance, promotepiston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mention must be made of some materials that have extremely adverse effects on fuelstability, automotive engines, and fuel systems. These materials shall not be used as denat
41、urants for fuel ethanol under anycircumstances. They are as follows: methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis productsof fossil or nonfossil vegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuel stability or increase the tendency of agasoline-ethanol bl
42、end to corrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects become more serious if the concentration of a ketonesuch as 4-methyl pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part by volume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. Thereis no information available on the effects of denaturants other
43、than those mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5 volume%).Abuyer may also ask the denaturer to certify the range used for the denat
44、urant addition.Abuyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certification of conformance with the product from that commingling. Theblender may use this certification of conformance for the product to demonstrate compliance with the denaturant limits. If
45、theproduct is shipped directly from a denaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the denaturer may be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the original denaturer. The limits
46、for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2 United States Denaturant Regulations:5.2.1 Denaturing FormulasIn the United States, ethanol is rendered unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturantsunder formulas approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S.
47、 Treasury Department that allowthe denatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the preparation, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanol formulasare published in
48、the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuel ethanol allowedby this specification shall contain a minimum of 1.96 volume % denaturant. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agencyregulations stipulate that denaturant added in excess of 2 volume % sha
49、ll not be considered when determining volumes for thepurposes of compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard. This absolute limitation includes volumes for Renewable IdentificationNumber (RIN) generation and volumes for retiring RINs. The limits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2.2 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTB regulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol prior to shipping. The denaturant content is determined by the ratio of metered denaturant andethanol vo
