1、Designation: D4806 16aStandard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to
3、be blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 % to 15 % by volume for use as automo-tive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814as well as other fuel applications involving ethanol. Thesignificance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check wi
4、th the national regulatoryagencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfurlimit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions mayallow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI
5、units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to themethod modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with it
6、s use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at A
7、tmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Pa
8、int, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lomet
9、ryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum an
10、dPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engin
11、e Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol andMethanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatics
12、 in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of DenaturedFuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercr
13、itical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetr
14、oleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4806 16. DOI:10.1520/D4806-
15、16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
16、standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chlorid
17、e in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and
18、 RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric K
19、arl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Ter
20、minology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definiti
21、ons:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;an
22、y materials absorbed later are not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemic
23、al compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (including water)that do not affect the use of the product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally
24、 containing small amounts ofadditives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon compo-nent suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.6.1 DiscussionExamples of gasoline blendstock in-clude natural gasolin
25、e, raffinate, reformate, conventional gaso-line blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB), and reformu-lated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.7 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 %by mass oxygen) of dena
26、tured fuel ethanol.3.2.8 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.4. Performance Req
27、uirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these speci-fication limits, an observed value
28、or a calculated value shall be rounded“to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressingthe specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of PracticeE29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero issignificant only if the decimal point
29、 is specified. For a specified limitexpressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This conven-tion applies to specified limits in Table 1 and will not be observed in theremainder of this specification.3A pri
30、nted copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp
31、:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, % by volume, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, % by volume, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, % by volume (% by mass), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mg/kg (mg
32、/L), max 6.7 (5) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mg/kg, (% by mass) mg/L, max 70 (0.0070) 56 (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5to9.0 D6423Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453,orD7039Existent sulfate, mg/kg, max 4 D7318, D7319,orD7328D4806 16a2NOTE 3Denatu
33、red fuel ethanol may contain additives, such ascorrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity(acidity as acetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol.Although thebase fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an appa
34、rent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thoses
35、pecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.5. Denaturants5.1 General Requirements:5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants al-lowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specifica-tion are natur
36、al gasoline, gasoline blendstocks, or unleadedgasoline. Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbonsabsorbed by the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through thedistribution system is not denaturant. A jurisdiction can main-tain approved formulas to denature alcohol for fuel use. Thisspecifica
37、tion is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denatur-ants that could provide satisfactory performance for other usescould cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanolformulas approved by the alcohol regulatory agency for fueluse could include denaturing materials which are not allowed
38、by this ASTM specification. It is the denaturers responsibilityto consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuelethanol and to ensure compliance with this specification withregard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of hydrocarbons w
39、ith an end boiling point higher than225 C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance,promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mentionmust be made of some materials that have extremely adverseeffects on fuel stability,
40、automotive engines, and fuel systems.These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows:methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossilvegetable matter). Ketone denaturants t
41、end to degrade fuelstability or increase the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend tocorrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects becomemore serious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel eth
42、anol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer todenature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 % to 2.5 %by vol
43、ume). A buyer may also ask the denaturer to certify therange used for the denaturant addition. A buyer or distributormay commingle receipts certified within the same range andprovide a certification of conformance with the product fromthat commingling. The blender may use this certification ofconfor
44、mance for the product to demonstrate compliance withthe denaturant limits. If the product is shipped directly from adenaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the dena-turer may be used to demonstrate compliance. Compliancewith the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically.Compl
45、iance must be based on the information from the originaldenaturer. The limits for the denaturant addition are shown inTable 2.5.2 United States Denaturant Regulations:5.2.1 Denaturing FormulasIn the United States, ethanol isrendered unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturantsunder formulas
46、 approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax andTrade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department thatallow the denatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free ofbeverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuelcomponent without TTB permits. TTB regulations concerningthe preparation, hand
47、ling, distribution and use of denaturedethanol formulas are published in the United States Code ofFederal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. Thedenatured fuel ethanol allowed by this specification shallcontain a minimum of 1.96 % by volume denaturant. The U. S.Environmental Protection Agen
48、cy regulations stipulate thatdenaturant added in excess of 2 % by volume shall not beconsidered when determining volumes for the purposes ofcompliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard. This absolutelimitation includes volumes for Renewable IdentificationNumber (RIN) generation and volumes for retiri
49、ng RINs. Thelimits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2.2 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTBregulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol prior to shipping. Thedenaturant content is determined by the ratio of metereddenaturant and ethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. TheTTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements forthe denaturer. These regulations include records of the quanti-ties of ethanol and denaturant added in the denaturing process.The TTB pe
