1、Designation: D4806 16aD4806 17Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol inten
3、ded to be blended with unleaded or leadedgasolines at 1 % to 15 % by volume for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814 as well asother fuel applications or specifications involving ethanol. The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The us
4、er is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfur limitand denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow orrequire other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.Jur
5、isdictions may vary in their regulatory requirements for the allowable orprohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature theethanol. The user is advised to check with the national and regional regulatory agencies where the eth
6、anol is denatured and used.1.2.1 Specific regulatory requirements for denatured fuel ethanol and acceptable denaturants from various jurisdictions aregiven in Appendixes for information.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in th
7、is standard.1.3.1 ExceptionValues given in parentheses are provided for information only. Non-SI units are shown in theAppendix if theyare in a direct quotation from government regulations. In most cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains
8、only to the method modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabilit
9、y of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Tr
10、ade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative D
11、ensity, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum
12、 Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for
13、 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid
14、 Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016July 1, 2017. Published February 2016August 2017. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asD4806 16.D4806 16a. DOI: 10
15、.1520/D4806-16A.10.1520/D4806-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM
16、 standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all
17、 cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4306 Pract
18、ice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluore
19、scenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
20、 Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromat
21、ographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319
22、 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chrom
23、atography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7347 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content in Denatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD7576 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Total Aromatics in Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD7757 Test Method for Silicon in G
24、asoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits i
25、n Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:Government Regulations:Unit
26、ed States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 213United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 80California Code of Regulations, CCR Title 13, 2260 229843. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitio
27、ns used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to mak
28、e it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants.3.2.2 d
29、enatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of u
30、ndenatured ethanol with other components common to its production (including water) thatdo not affect the use of the product as a component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable
31、 for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/b
32、ookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.4 California regulations are available online at http:/.D4806 1723.2.6 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon component suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.6.1 Discu
33、ssionExamples of gasoline blendstock include natural gasoline, raffinate, reformate, conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygenateblending (CBOB), and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.7 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a s
34、ubstantial amount (more than 0.35 % bymass oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.8 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuelor fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of th
35、e acid strength of denatured fuel ethanol.3.4 Abbreviations:3.4.1 CCRCalifornia Code of Regulations3.4.2 CFRU.S. Code of Federal Regulations3.4.3 DFEDenatured Fuel Ethanol3.4.4 EPAThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3.4.5 IRSU.S. Internal Revenue Service3.4.6 RBOBreformulated blendstock for oxyg
36、enate blending3.4.7 RINRenewable Identification Number3.4.8 TTBThe Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the U.S Department of Treasury4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is denatured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequ
37、irements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to thenearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in
38、 accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. Fora specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer,and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant witho
39、ut a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limitsin Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.NOTE 2Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity (acidity a
40、s aceticacid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although the base fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these additives can producean apparent high titratable acidity of the finished product. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding the titratable
41、acidity of the denaturedfuel ethanol to verify that the base fuel ethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification of additional properties such ascolor, may be agreed upon between the supplier and the purc
42、haser.4.3 For purposes of determining conformance with the specified limits in Table 1, an observed value or a calculated value shallbe rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last righthand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with therounding method of Practice E29, unless
43、otherwise specified.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, % by volume, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, % by volume, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, % by volume (% by mass), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Water, % by volume (% by mass), max 1.0 (1.2
44、6) E203, E1064, or D7923Inorganic Chloride, mg/kg (mg/L), max 6.7 (5) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mg/kg, (% by mass) mg/L, max 70 (0.0070) 56 (Note 3) D1613 or D7795Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mg/kg, (% by mass) mg/L, max 70 (0.0070) 56 (Note 2) D1
45、613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453, or D7039Existent sulfate, mg/kg, max 4 D7318, D7319, or D7328D4806 1735. Denaturants Denaturant and Regulatory Information5.1 General Requirements: RequirementsThis specification provides general information for the denatura
46、nts to be used indenatured fuel ethanol and the concentration of denaturant to be added. Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirements forthe allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed todenature the ethanol.5.
47、1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks, or unleaded gasoline. Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons absorbed by thedenatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distribu
48、tion system is not denaturant.Ajurisdiction can maintain approved formulasto denature alcohol for fuel use. This specification is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturants that could providesatisfactory performance for other uses could cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethan
49、ol formulas approved by thealcohol regulatory agency for fuel use could include denaturing materials which are not allowed by this ASTM specification. Itis the denaturers responsibility to consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.1.1.1 This specification is specific to denatured fuel ethanol as a blendstock in spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturants thatcould provide satisfactory performance for othe
