1、Designation: D4830/D4830M 98 (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Test Methods forCharacterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing andWaterproofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4830/D4830M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in May 2014.1. Scope1.1 These test methods c
3、over the procedures for character-izing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide,polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing andwaterproofing membranes.1.2 Procedures appear in the following order:SectionUnit Mass 3Thickness 4Breaking Load, Elongation and Work-to-Break
4、5Trapezoid Tearing Strength 6Puncture Strength 7Static Heat Stability 8Dynamic Heat Stability 91.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used inde
5、pendently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
6、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, andIndustrial F
7、ilament Yarns Made from ManufacturedOrganic-Base FibersD1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn2009)3D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD5035 Test Method for Breaking Forc
8、e and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics(Withdrawn 2008)3D5733 Test Method for Tearing Strength of NonwovenFabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure (Withdrawn 2008)3E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE18 Test Methods for Rockwe
9、ll Hardness of Metallic Ma-terials3. Unit Mass3.1 Determine the unit mass of the fabric using proceduresdescribed in Test Methods D1117. Report in g/m2or oz/yd2.4. Thickness4.1 Determine fabric thickness following procedures de-scribed in Test Method D5729.5. Breaking Load, Elongation, and Work-to-B
10、reak5.1 Determine the breaking load and elongation by the cutstrip method described in Test Method D5035 with the follow-ing exceptions:5.1.1 Test SpecimensCut each specimen 51 6 1 mm 2.06 0.05 in. wide and 203 6 1 mm 8.0 6 0.05 in. long. Thegauge length shall be 152 6 1 mm 6.0 6 0.05 in.5.1.2 Appar
11、atusThe apparatus shall be a CRE (ConstantRate of Extension) machine described in Specification D76.The machine will be set for an extension rate of 5 mm/s or 12in./min.5.2 CalculationReport textile conditions and the averagebreaking load in N/m or lbf/in. and the elongation at break inpercent.1Thes
12、e test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD08.04 on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edi
13、tion approved in 2006 as D4830 98 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D4830_D4830M-98R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Work-to-BreakThe procedure and calculation shall beas described in Test Methods D88
15、5 with the exception that theload-elongation curve will be from specimens used in deter-mining breaking load and elongation as described in 5.1 and5.2.6. Trapezoid Tearing Strength6.1 Determine trapezoid tearing strength of the fabric fol-lowing procedures described in Test Method D5733.7. Puncture
16、Strength7.1 Scope:7.1.1 This test method is used to measure the puncturestrength of thermoplastic fabrics used in roofing.7.1.2 This procedure is applicable to conditioned fabrics.7.2 Summary of Method:7.2.1 A specimen of the fabric is clamped without tensionbetween grooved, circular plates of a rin
17、g clamp attachmentsecured in a tensile testing machine. A force is exerted againstthe center of the specimen by a solid steel rod attached to theload indicator until rupture occurs.7.3 Significance and Use:7.3.1 Puncture failures are recognized in the roofing indus-try. Puncture strength is felt to
18、reflect the fabrics ability towithstand aggregate or ballast stone penetration. This testmethod is used to obtain the relative puncture resistance ofvarious fabrics.7.4 Apparatus:7.4.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the constant-rate-of exten-sion type (CRE), with autographic recorder conforming to the
19、requirements of Specification D76.7.4.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentricgrooved plates with an internal diameter of 44.45 6 0.025 mm1.750 6 0.001 in., capable of clamping fabrics withoutslippage.7.4.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a hardness in the range ofRockwell C (HRC) 50 to 60, with a di
20、ameter of 7.938 6 0.013mm 0.3125 6 0.0005 in. and a hemispherical end with aradius of 3.970 6 0.013 mm 0.1563 6 0.0005 in. forcontacting the fabric surface (see Fig. 1). The surface of thehemispherical end should be smooth and polished to a surfacesmoothness of RMS 8. (RMS is the root-mean-squaremet
21、hod of describing surface smoothness.)47.5 Sampling, Number of Specimens, and Selection ofSamples:7.5.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the suppli
22、er, such as agreement to sample asdirected in Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units.7.5.2 Laboratory SampleTake, for the laboratory sample,a sample extending the width of the fabric and approximately1.0 m 39 in. along with the selvage from each roll in the lotsampl
23、e. The sample may be taken from the end portion of a rollprovided there is no evidence that it is distorted or differentfrom other portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take asample that will exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the rollor the inner wrap around the core.7.5.3 Unless otherwise
24、agreed upon or specified in appli-cable material specifications, test a number of specimens fromeach laboratory sample that will give a precision of 65 % at aprobability level of 90 %, not to exceed ten specimens persample.7.6 Preparation of Test Specimen:7.6.1 Each specimen shall be cut 76 by 76 mm
25、 3.0 by 3.0in. to ensure proper clamping. Specimens should be taken onthe diagonal across the sample so that no two specimens willcontain the same machine direction and cross machine direc-tion yarns or fibers. Unless otherwise specified, no specimenshould be taken within 51 mm 2.0 in. of the selvag
26、e or edge.7.7 Conditioning:7.7.1 Condition the specimens as directed in PracticeD1776.4See Machinerys Handbook, 19th ed., Industrial Press, H. L. Horton, ed.FIG. 1 Steel RodD4830/D4830M 98 (2014)127.8 Procedure:7.8.1 All testing must be conducted at standard textilelaboratory conditions as required
27、in Practice D1776.7.8.2 Select the load range of the tensile testing machinesuch that the rupture occurs between 15 and 85 % of thefull-scale load.7.8.3 Center and secure the specimen between the groovedplates, ensuring that the fabric extends beyond the outer edgesof the plates.7.8.4 Measurement of
28、 Rupturing LoadTest at a machinespeed of 5 mm/s or 12 in./min until the puncture rod com-pletely ruptures the specimen. Read the puncture strength asthe greatest force in N lbf registered on the recordinginstrument during the test.7.8.5 If the yarns or fibers fail to break due to the slippageof the
29、specimen in the ring clamp or if the rod slips between theyarns or fibers without causing yarn or fiber breakage, discardthe result and test another specimen.7.9 Calculation:7.9.1 Calculate the average of the rupturing load for allacceptable test results as read directly from the recordinginstrument
30、.7.10 Report:7.10.1 Report all of the following:7.10.1.1 Product(s) or material(s) sampled.7.10.1.2 Test method used, identifying both the type ofspecimen and type of testing machine.7.10.1.3 Sample conditioning.7.10.1.4 Average puncture strength in N lbf of the speci-mens tested and number of speci
31、mens.7.10.1.5 Variation, if any, from the described test method.7.11 Precision and Bias:7.11.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in this testfor measuring puncture strength is being determined.7.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the pro
32、cedure in this testfor puncture strength, no statement on bias is being made.8. Static Heat Stability8.1 Scope:8.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heatstability of thermoplastic fabrics at typical asphalt applicationtemperatures during manufacture of prefabricated membrane.8.2 Sum
33、mary of Method:8.2.1 Fabric specimens are placed in an oven for a fixedamount of time at a specific temperature. The change in lengthof each specimen is recorded and expressed as a percentage ofthe original length.8.2.2 This process is performed at four temperatures, and aplot can be made comparing
34、the percent change in lengthversus temperature.8.3 Significance and Use:8.3.1 This test method is used to determine the comparativeheat stability of thermoplastic fabrics, as received, at typicalasphalt application temperatures.8.4 Apparatus:8.4.1 Self-Supporting Aluminum Mounting BoardDetailson the
35、 construction and dimensions are described in AnnexA1.8.4.2 Oven, mechanical-convection type, for controlled cir-culation of air. The oven must be capable of containing themounting board, and shall be equipped with a temperature-control system designed to maintain oven temperatures at thelevels spec
36、ified in 8.7.1 with a precision of 61C 62F. Theoven should also be equipped with a visible thermometerwhich measures the inside oven temperature.8.4.3 Ruler, graduated at 1.0 mm or132 in. and at least 25mm 1.0 in. wide.8.4.4 Clips, noninsulated alligator clips weighing no morethan 1.4 g 0.05 oz each
37、.8.4.5 Timing Device, reading in minutes with an audiblealarm.8.4.6 Marking Pen, indelible ink or felt-tip marker, capableof marking specimens.8.5 Preparation of Specimens:8.5.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of the staticheat stability for the machine direction from different positionsacros
38、s the fabric and for the cross machine direction fromdifferent positions along the length of the fabric.8.5.2 Test specimens should be cut no closer than 51 mm2.0 in. from the selvage and no closer than 1 m 39 in. fromthe end of the roll.8.5.3 Each specimen should be 267 6 3 mm 10.5 618 in.long and
39、25 6 3mm1618 in. wide.8.5.4 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their longdimension parallel to the machine direction. Label each speci-men as a machine direction specimen.8.5.5 Cut twelve specimens from the sample with their longdimension parallel to the cross machine direction. Label eachspe
40、cimen as a cross machine direction specimen.8.5.6 Marking the Specimens:8.5.6.1 Lay out a specimen fully extended on a flat, hori-zontal surface. Draw a line on the specimen 6 mm 14 in. fromthe end, parallel to the short dimension (width). Draw a similarline on the other end of the specimen.8.5.6.2
41、Prepare the other specimens as in 8.5.6.1.8.6 Conditioning:8.6.1 Condition the specimens as directed in PracticeD1776.8.7 Procedure:8.7.1 Perform 8.7.1.1 8.7.1.9 at the following suggestedtemperatures: 177, 191, 204, and 218 6 1C 350, 375, 400,and 425 6 2F.8.7.1.1 Set the oven to the desired test te
42、mperature andallow to stabilize a minimum of12 h.8.7.1.2 Select three machine direction specimens and threecross machine direction specimens. Measure and record thedistance between the two scribed lines to the nearest 1.0 mm or132 in., numbering the specimens as necessary.8.7.1.3 Place the mounting
43、board in a horizontal positionand secure the tops of the six specimens in the clamps up to thetop 6-mm 14-in. line.D4830/D4830M 98 (2014)138.7.1.4 Attach an alligator clip at the center of the loweredge of each specimen. Do not place the clip higher than thelower 6-mm 14-in. line.8.7.1.5 When the ov
44、en temperature has stabilized, put themounting board in its vertical position (as shown in Fig. A1.1)in the oven.8.7.1.6 Check the oven temperature. Once the oven tem-perature has returned to the desired test temperature, set thetiming device for 5 min. Do not allow the oven temperature toexceed the
45、 test temperature.8.7.1.7 When timing is completed, remove the assemblyfrom the oven and place it vertically at room temperature.Leave the specimens on the mounting board for 15 min withalligator clips still attached.8.7.1.8 Remove the alligator clips and release the specimensfrom the board. Lay the
46、 specimens on a flat surface and allowthem to condition an additional 15 min before any measure-ments are made.8.7.1.9 To measure the specimen length, cover the specimenwith the ruler. Measure the length of the specimen between thetwo lines while the specimen is being pressed flat by the ruler.Recor
47、d this length for each specimen to the nearest 1.0 mm or132 in.8.8 Calculations:8.8.1 Calculate the average length between the scribed linesfor the machine direction specimens and for the cross machinedirection specimens at each test temperature, before and afterexposure to the oven.8.8.2 Calculate
48、the percentage change in length for themachine direction and cross machine direction specimens ateach test temperature as follows:Percent Change in Length 5 A 2 B!/B# 3100 (1)where:A = average length between lines after exposure, andB = average length between lines before exposure.8.8.2.1 A positive
49、 sign for the percent change in lengthindicates an increase in specimen length upon heating. Anegative sign indicates a decrease in specimen length uponheating.8.9 Report:8.9.1 State that the tests were carried out as directed in thistest method and report the static heat stability as the percentchange in length for both the machine and cross machinedirections at each specific temperature. Describe the product(s)or material(s) sampled, the number of specimens and themethod of sampling used.8.9.2 The d
