1、Designation: D4850 081Standard Terminology Relating toFabrics and Fabric Test Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThis terminology was updated editorially in September 2011.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical termsused in the industry relat
3、ed to textile fabrics. Terms that aregenerally understood or adequately defined in other readilyavailable sources are not included. Other terminology stan-dards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D737 Test Method for Air Permeability
4、 of Textile FabricsD1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics3D1336 Test Method for Distortion ofYarn inWoven FabricsD1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation
5、of WideElastic Fabrics4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by theTongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fab-rics Having Low PowerD2646 Test
6、 Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics ofPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and LaminatedApparel FabricsD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles3D3107 Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Wo-ven from Stretch YarnsD3511 Test Method for
7、 Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush PillingTesterD3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random TumblePilling TesterD3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Text
8、ile Fabrics: Elastomeric PadD3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
9、FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD3789 Practice for Labeling Cans of Consumer SprayPaint4D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD3883 Test Method for Yarn Crimp and
10、 Yarn Take-up inWoven FabricsD3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Appar
11、atus)D3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted FabricsD3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics(Mace)D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4032 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the CircularBend Procedure1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onT
12、extilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,General.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4850 03a(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D4850-08E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
13、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org
14、.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4033 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at theSewn Seam in Upholstery Fabrics (
15、Dynamic FatigueMethod) (Discontinued 2001)3D4034 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at theSewn Seam in Woven Upholstery Fabrics (Discontinued2001)3D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(
16、Uniform Abrasion)D4390 Practice for the Evaluation of the Performance ofTerry Bathroom Products for Home Use4D4772 Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of TerryFabrics (Water Flow)D4350 Test Method for Corrosivity Index of Plastics andFillersD4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric AbrasionD4848 Termin
17、ology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD4851 Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics forArchitectural UseD4964 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of ElasticFabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Ten
18、sile TestingMachine)D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)D4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: MartindaleTesterD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics
19、(Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofManufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)D5278 Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fab-rics (Static-Load Testing)D5362 Test Method for S
20、nagging Resistance of Fabrics(Bean Bag)D5378 Performance Specification for Woven and KnittedShower Curtains for Institutional and Household Use3D5426 Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading ofFabrics Used for Inflatable RestraintsD5430 Test Methods for Visually Inspecting and GradingFabricsD5446
21、 Practice for Determining Physical Properties ofFabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in InflatableRestraintsD5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length orWidth of Pile Y
22、arn Floor CoveringsD6207 Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Fabrics toChanges in Humidity and TemperatureD6614 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics CRE MethodD6674 Guide for Proficiency Test Program for FabricsD6770 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileWebbing (Hex Ba
23、r Method)D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of FabricsConstant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:abrasion, nthe wearing away of any part of a material byrubbing against another surface. D3884, D3885, D3886,D4157, D4158, D4685, D4966abrasion cycle, none complet
24、e movement across the surfaceof a material.DISCUSSIONThe complete movement for an abrasion cycle isdependent on the action of the abrasion machine and the test methodused. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement orone circular movement, or a combination of both. D3885abrasion cy
25、cle, nfor the Martindale Abrasion Tester,16rubs required to complete a geometric shape, known as aLissajous. D4966abrasion cycle, nin abrasion testing, one or more move-ments of the abradant across a material surface, or thematerial surface across the abradant, that permits a return toits starting p
26、osition.DISCUSSIONThe abrasion cycle is dependent on the programmedmotions of the abrasion machine and the test standard used. It mayconsist of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement such as for theflexing and abrasion test method; a circular movement such as for therotary platform test method,
27、or a combination of both such as for theinflated diaphragm test method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasionmethod, an abrasion cycle consists of one double-rub. See double-rub.D13.60 D4157, D6770absorption, na process in which one material (the absor-bent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbat
28、e); as theabsorption of moisture by fibers. D13.59 D4772accuracy, nof a test method, the degree of agreementbetween the true value of the property being tested (oraccepted standard value) and the average of many observa-tions made according to the test method, preferably by manyobservers. D13.60 D29
29、06, D6674air permeability, nthe rate of air flow passing perpendicularthrough a known area under a prescribed air pressuredifferential between the two surfaces of a material.DISCUSSIONAir permeability of fabric at a stated pressure differen-tial between two surfaces of the fabric is generally expres
30、sed in SI unitsas cm3/s/cm2and in inch-pound units as ft3/min/ft2calculated inoperating conditions. (See permeability, porosity.) D737air-supported roof, na fabric roof-system that is properlysecured and primarily supported and held in place by airpressure. D4851architectural-use, nin the building t
31、rade, a descriptive termfor fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industrialapplications. (See also fabric roof-system.) D4851D4850 0812bagging, nany material, such as fabric or other suitablematerial used to protect commodities during shipment and/orstorage.DISCUSSIONFabrics may be of the
32、woven, knitted, or non-woventype, and are typically produced with cotton, jute, polyethylene, orpolypropylene fibers. D4850batch sample, nthe material(s) used for the proficiency teststudy taken from a common roll or garment lot and distrib-uted to the participants. D13.60 D6674bending length, n(1)
33、generala measure of the interactionbetween fabric weight and fabric stiffness as shown by theway in which a fabric bends under its own weight. It reflectsthe stiffness of a fabric when bent in one plane under theforce of gravity, and is one component of drape; (2)specificthe cube root of the ratio o
34、f the flexural rigidity tothe weight per unit area. D1388bias, nin statistics, a constant or systematic error in testresults. D13.60 D6674blister, nin bonded, fused, or laminated fabrics, a bulge,swelling, or similar surface condition on either the facefabric or the backing fabric characterized by t
35、he fabric beingraised from the plane of the underlying component over alimited area to give a puffy appearance. D2724bond strength, nof bonded, fused, or laminated fabrics, thetensile force expressed in ounces per 25 mm (1 in.) of width,required to separate the component layers under specifiedcondit
36、ions. D2724bonded fabric, na layered fabric structure wherein a face orshell fabric is joined to a backing fabric, such as tricot, withan adhesive that does not significantly add to the thickness ofthe combined fabrics. (See also laminated fabric, coatedfabric.) D2724book fold, na fabric doubled sel
37、vage to selvage, then foldedback and forth upon itself in predetermined lengths. (Seealso shoe fold.)DISCUSSIONWhen the piece is completed, the fold-edges on eachside are folded once more upon themselves so that the fold-edges areinside, forming a compact package as long as one half the width of the
38、fabric. D4850bow, na fabric condition resulting when filling yarns orknitted courses are displaced from a line perpendicular to theselvages and form one or more arcs across the width of thefabric. (See also double bow.) D3882, D3990braided fabric, na structure produced by interlacing three ormore en
39、ds of yarns in a manner such that the paths of theyarns are diagonal to the vertical axis of the fabric. D4850breaking force, nthe maximum force applied to a materialcarried to rupture (compare breaking point, breakingstrength). D13.60 D3884, D3885, D4157, D4848,D5034, D5035, D6770breaking load, nde
40、precated term. Use breaking force.D13.60 D4848, D5034broken end, nin woven fabrics, a void in the warp directiondue to yarn breakage. D3990bubbleSee preferred term blister. D13.59 D2724burlap, na coarse, heavy, plain weave fabric of yarns, suchas bast or cotton fiber yarn. D4850bursting strength, nt
41、he force or pressure required to rupturea textile by distending it with a force, applied at right anglesto the plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.DISCUSSIONThe angle of application of force, and the area of thefabric upon which the force is applied varies continuously as the fabricstret
42、ches when it is tested as directed in this method. D6797bursting strength, nthe force or pressure required to rupturea fabric by distending it with a force, applied at right anglesto the plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.D3786, D3787, D3887calibrate, nto determine and record the relati
43、onship betweena set of standard units of measure and the output of aninstrument or test procedure. D13.60 D6674circular bend, nsimultaneous, multidirectional deformationof a fabric in which one face of a flat specimen becomesconcave and the other becomes convex. D4032coated fabric, na flexible mater
44、ial composed of a fabric andany adherent polymeric material applied to one or bothsurfaces. (See also laminated fabric.) D4850, D4851,D5446color contrast, nin textiles, a general term for a visible colordifference between two adjacent areas.DISCUSSIONFor the purpose of Test Methods D3939 and D5362,a
45、color contrast is a visible color difference between a snag and theimmediate surrounding area of the fabric that has no defects. Colorcontrasts often occur when printed fabrics are snagged. D3939,D5362constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine (CRE),na testing machine in which the rate of in
46、crease of thespecimen length is uniform with time. D6797constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testingmachinea testing machine in which the rate of increase ofspecimen length is uniform with time. D13.60 D5035constant-rate-of-extension type tensile testing machine(CRE), nin tensile testing, an app
47、aratus in which thepulling clamp moves at a uniform rate, and the force-measuring mechanism moves a negligible distance withincreasing force, less than 0.13 mm (0.005 in.). D3787constant-rate-of-load (CRL) tensile testing machinea test-ing machine in which the rate of increase of the load beingappli
48、ed to the specimen is uniform with time after the first 3s. D13.60 D4964, D5035, D5034constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machineatesting machine in which the pulling clamp moves at auniform rate and the load is applied through the other clampwhich moves appreciably to actuate a weighing
49、 mechanism,so that the rate of increase of load or elongation is dependentupon the extension characteristics of the specimen.D13.60 D3787, D5035, D5034corduroy, na filling cut-pile fabric in which the cut fibersform a surface of wales (rounded cords or ribs) whichusually run warpwise. D4685, D4850count, nin woven fabric, the number of warp yarns (ends)and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted whilethe fabric is held under zero tension, and is free of folds andwrinkles. D3775D4850 0813count,
