1、Designation: D4851 07 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forCoated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated andlaminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof sys-tems.
3、 These coated and laminated fabrics are generally in eitheran air supported or tension supported construction of fabricroof systems.1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coatedand laminated architectural fabrics.1.3 This standard includes the following sections that pro-vide test proce
4、dures for coated and laminated architecturalfabrics:SectionFabric Count 8Mass per Unit Area 9Fabric Thickness 10Fabric Width 11Fabric Length 12Fabric Bow 13Adhesion of Coating to Fabric 14Uniaxial Elongation Under Static Load 15Fabric Breaking Force 16Breaking Strength After Crease Fold 17Elongation
5、 at Break 18Fabric Trapezoid Tear Force 19Resistance to Accelerated Weathering 20Solar Optical Properties 21Fabric Flame Resistance 22Noise Reduction Coefficient 231.4 These test methods include only testing procedures anddo not include specifications or tolerances. They are intendedas a guide for s
6、pecifications. Any of these methods may beused in material specifications to evaluate requirements for aspecific end use as related to a particular job.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are toregarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in
7、parentheses. The values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to est
8、ablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD123 Terminology Relating to Tex
9、tilesD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produce
10、s Normally Distributed DataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles3D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Wei
11、ght) ofFabricD3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureE84 Test M
12、ethod for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE424 Test Methods for Solar Energy Transmittance andReflectance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials1These test meth
13、ods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D485197(2007).DOI:
14、10.1520/D4851-07R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of
15、this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (D
16、iscontinued 2001)3G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials
17、 (Discontinued 2001)32.2 Federal Standards:Federal Test Method Standard 191b, Method 5903, VerticalFlame Resistance of Cloth4NFPA 701 National Fire Protection Standards701 Stan-dard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textilesand Films53. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59,
18、Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:air-supported roof, architectural-use, coated fabric, fabric roof-system, laminated fabric, tension-supported roof.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D1
19、23.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determi-nation of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sectionsof specific methods or in the referenced test methods.5. Significance and Use5.1 The procedures in this standard can be used for accep-tance testi
20、ng of commercial shipments of coated and laminatedfabrics for architectural use since these test methods have beenused extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Caution isadvised, however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabricand breaking strength after crease fold because betweenlaborat
21、ory precision is known to be poor (see 24.2). For thesecases, comparative tests conducted, as directed in 5.1.1, may beadvisable.5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Methods D4851 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
22、the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible an
23、d from alot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using appropriate statisticalanalysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability le
24、velchosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration of the known bias.5.2 The uses and significance of specific properties arediscussed
25、 in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SizeThe size of an acceptance sampling lot offabric for architectural use shall be the number of fabric rollsin a shipment or consignment of a single fabric style unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.6
26、.2 Lot SampleUnless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable order or contract, take as a lot samplethe number of rolls in a shipment or consignment of fabric.Specify the number of rolls of fabric in the lot sample for eachproperty of interest. Consider rolls of fabric to be the prim
27、arysampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenrolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch or roll of fabric toprovide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk,
28、acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.6.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take thefollowing samples:6.3.1 For fabric width, fabric bow, and fabric length, therolls in the lot sample serve as the laboratory sample.6.3.2 For noise reduction coefficient, flame resistance otherth
29、an small scale NFPA 701, solar optical properties, andresistance to accelerated weathering, take as a laboratorysample a full-width swatch 12 m (12 yd) long from the end ofeach randomly selected roll in the lot sample as determined byagreement between the purchaser and supplier.NOTE 2Properties such
30、 as noise reduction coefficient, some flameresistance tests, solar optical, and resistance to weathering are dependentupon fabric style and manufacturing processes. The extent of the samplingfor these properties is usually defined in the applicable order or contract.Among the options available to th
31、e purchaser and the supplier is for thepurchaser to accept a certification by the manufacturer that the material inquestion meets the specification agreed upon by the two parties and whatthe basis for the certification is, such as, historical data generated frommaterial manufactured under the same c
32、onditions.6.3.3 For other properties take as a laboratory sample afull-width swatch1m(1yd)long from the end of each roll inthe lot sample.NOTE 3The sample swatch, as in the laboratory sample, may be takenfrom the end of a roll if there is no visual evidence that the fabric isdistorted or different f
33、rom the fabric in other parts of the roll. In cases ofdispute or if by visual evidence the outside fabric is not typical, take asample swatch after excluding fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or theinner wrap of the core.6.4 Test SpecimensFor fabric width, fabric bow, andfabric length, the roll
34、s in the lot sample serve as test specimens.For other properties, take test specimens from the swatches inthe laboratory sample as directed in the respective test methodsin this standard.6.4.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of themachine direction properties from different positions across t
35、hefabric width and the specimens for the measurement of thecross-machine direction properties from different positions4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, North Capital and H Streets,NW, Washington, DC 20401.5Although discontinued by the National Fire Protection Association, thisstandard
36、 continues to be used by the industry.D4851 07 (2011)2along the length of the fabric. Take no specimens nearer theselvage or edge of the fabric than110 the width of the fabric or125 mm (5 in.) whichever is smaller.7. Conditioning7.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in one ofthe following
37、atmospheres:7.1.1 Option 1Atemperature of 21 6 2C (70 6 4F) andrelative humidity of 65 6 5%.7.1.2 Option 2Atemperature of 23 6 2C (73 6 4F) andrelative humidity of 50 6 5%.NOTE 4The intent of the two options for testing atmospheres is toallow testing of architectural fabrics in respective laboratori
38、es whereproducts generally manufactured are related to a fabric laminating orcoating discipline. In any event, the test atmosphere option shall be agreedupon by the contractural parties and stated in the report.7.2 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached whenthe increase in mass of the specim
39、en in successive weighingsmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe mass of the specimen. In general practice, the industryapproaches equilibrium from the “As Received” side.NOTE 5It is recognized that in practice, coated and laminated fabricsare frequently not weighed to de
40、termine when moisture equilibrium hasbeen reached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases ofdispute, it may be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to thestandard atmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. A time of at least 24
41、h has been found acceptable inmost cases. However, certain fibers and coatings may exhibit slowmoisture equalization rates from the “As Received” wet side. When this isknown, a preconditioning cycle, as described in Practice D1776 may beagreed upon between contractual parties.8. Fabric Count8.1 Dete
42、rmine the fabric count as directed in Test MethodD3775 making five counts in the machine direction and fivecounts in the cross-machine direction on each of the swatchesfrom the rolls in the laboratory sample.9. Mass Per Unit Area9.1 Determine the mass per unit area of the fabric asdirected in Test M
43、ethods D3776, Option C, using each of therolls in the laboratory sample.10. Thickness10.1 Determine the thickness of the fabric as directed inMethod D1777 using ten test specimens from each roll in thelaboratory sample and using the gage with a presser foot witha diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm (0.375 6
44、0.001 in.) that isweighted to apply a total force of 1.70 6 0.03 N (6 6 0.1 ozf)equivalent in pressure of 23.4 kPa (3.4 psi), unless otherwisespecified.11. Width11.1 Determine the width of the fabric as directed in TestMethod D3774, Option A (full roll), using the tension freeprocedure, except make
45、five measurements on each of the rollsin the lot sample.12. Length12.1 Measure the length of each roll in the lot sample asdirected in Test Method D3773 using Option B (Drum Method)or Option C (Clock Method). Verify that each sample roll doesnot contain more than one piece. Total the lengths of the
46、rollsmeasured. Compare the length for each of the rolls tested to thelength specified on the corresponding identification label.13. Fabric Bow13.1 Measure the fabric bow of each roll in the lot sample asdirected in Test Method D3882 in three places spaced aswidely as possible along the roll length.
47、Make no measurementcloser to the ends of the roll than1m(1yd).14. Adhesion of Coating to FabricNOTE 6Precaution: In addition to other precautions, when flam-mable or toxic adhesives are used for sealing, they should be cured in awell-ventilated area, for example, under a hood, to prevent accumulatio
48、nof vapors. This is also applicable when sealing techniques that do notrequire adhesives are used.14.1 Determine the coating adhesion in both machine direc-tion and cross-machine direction as directed in Test MethodsD751, using two sets of specimens in both the machinedirection and the cross-machine
49、 direction. Use a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine operated at 506 3 mm/min (2.0 6 0.1 in./min) and report the rate used.14.2 The use of hydraulic-pneumatic clamping systems witha minimum of 50 by 75 mm (2 by 3 in.) serrated jaw faces isrecommended. Manual clamping is permitted if no slippage ofthe specimen is observed.14.3 Run the test with the following exception: Prepare testspecimens by sealing two material strips face to back.14.4 Use the sealing method for seams typical to thematerial under test as defined in the Annexes or by a
