1、Designation: D 4852 88 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Practice forEvaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 3 was updated editorially in March 2009.1. Scope1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific charac-teristics of imp
3、ortance in the performance of upholstery fabricattached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted,flocked, or vinyl fabrics.1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct theupholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially usingappropriate fabric performance standards, su
4、ch as Specifica-tions D 3597 and D 3690.1.3 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part ofthe total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers orthrows used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture cover-ings are not t
5、o be evaluated using this practice.1.5 This practice shall not be construed to be a standard ofperformance but only as a standard practice for evaluation ofattached upholstery fabrics.1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement betweenpurchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specificatio
6、ns.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Reference
7、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 3597 Performance Specification for Woven UpholsteryFabricsPlain, Tufted, or FlockedD 3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated andUrethane-Coated Upholstery FabricsIndoorD 4771 Performance Specification for Knitted Upholste
8、ryFabrics for Indoor FurnitureD 7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings2.2 AATCC Method:AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1Gray Scale for ColorChange32.3 Other Documents:Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines4Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines53. Terminology3.1 For all terminol
9、ogy relating to D13.63, Home Furnish-ings, refer to Terminology D 7023.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:attached upholstery fabric, back coating, cleaning agent, fur-niture covering, furniture unit, group, overall cleaning, part,refurbish, slipcover, spot and stain removal, th
10、row, tufting, inupholstered furniture, upholstered furniture, vacuum, weltedseam.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent perfor-mance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.4.2 Loo
11、se cushions or pillows considered an inherent part ofthe total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated usingthis practice.4.3 This practice is not intended for use with outdoorfurniture nor with slipcovers or throws.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and
12、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 485288(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
13、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aat
14、cc.org.4Issued in 1982 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee, sponsored byNational Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufactur-ersAssociation, Southern Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, Southwest FurnitureManufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers
15、 Association of GrandRapids. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. BoxHP-7, High Point, NC 27261.5Reissued in 1986 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee includingAmerican Furniture Manufacturers Association, California Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, Furnit
16、ure Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids, Association ofWestern Furniture Suppliers, and Home Furnishings Manufacturers Association.Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7,High Point, NC 27261.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
17、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 Evaluation is to be done both before and after therefurbishing procedures, as directed in voluntary care labelinginstructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.4.5 The specified cleaning and maintenance proceduresherein discussed do
18、not reflect professional care designed toenhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as theapplication of soil and stain protectants. Reflected in thispractice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaningmethods used in accordance with any voluntary care labelinginstructions accompanyin
19、g the furniture.4.6 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-ment between purchaser and supplier.4.7 The significance and use of specific properties arediscussed in the appropriate test methods and performancestandards.5. Sam
20、pling, Selection, and Number of Specimens5.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in anapplicable material specification or as agreed between thepurchaser and the supplier. In the absence of an applicablematerial specification or prior agreement, randomly sample onefurniture unit of each type to
21、be tested. Treat the lot samplingunits as the laboratory sampling units.NOTE 1In many instances, only one furniture unit may be availabledue to styling, cost, size, or being a one-of-a-kind unit.5.2 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,make the number of observations as directed in the a
22、pplicabletest methods. Make the observations on the furniture units asthey would have reached the customer.CHARACTERISTICS AND TEST METHODS6. Selection of Characteristics6.1 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-ment betwe
23、en purchaser and supplier.7. Fabric Performance Characteristics7.1 Evaluate the selected upholstery fabric before it isattached to the furniture unit, using the appropriate perfor-mance specification methods as directed in SpecificationsD 3597, D 3690, D 4771 or the Knit and Woven UpholsteryFabric S
24、tandards, as agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.8. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric Prior toRefurbishing8.1 GeneralThe attached furniture covering characteris-tics to be evaluated prior to refurbishing may include, but arenot limited to: matching (such as pattern and pile direction);unifo
25、rmity of shade (part to part); visual appearance offurniture unit (seams, welting, tufting); compatibility of furni-ture units within a group; and any obvious defects.8.1.1 For all visual evaluations use a light source as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.8.2 MatchingEvaluate matching of suc
26、h items as patternand pile direction, and shade uniformity (part to part) followingthe procedures in “Pattern Repeat, Color and Shade” of theWoven Upholstery Fabric or Knit Upholstery Fabric Standardsand Guidelines.8.3 Visual AppearanceEvaluate the appearance of thefurniture unit including seams, we
27、lting, and tufting, as mutu-ally agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.8.4 Compatibility Within a GroupEvaluate visually thecompatibility of furniture units within a group, as mutuallyagreed upon between purchaser and supplier.8.5 Other DefectsExamine the attached textile furniturecovering for any o
28、ther obvious defects.9. Refurbishing Conditions9.1 The refurbishing of attached upholstery fabric mayinvolve either overall cleaning, spot cleaning, or vacuuming, asdirected by instructions on voluntary care labeling or as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.9.1.1 Voluntary care instructions s
29、hould be one of thosedescribed in the Cleanability Codes of the Woven or KnitUpholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines, where:WClean only with water based shampoo or foam upholsterycleaner. Do not overwet. Do not use solvents to spot clean. Pilefabrics may require brushing to restore appearance. Cu
30、shioncovers should not be removed and laundered.SClean only with dry cleaning solvent. Do not saturate. Donot use water. Pile fabric may require brushing to restoreappearance. Cushion covers should not be removed and drycleaned.WSClean with shampoo, foam, or dry cleaning solvents asdesired. Do not s
31、aturate with liquid. Pile fabrics may requirebrushing to restore appearance. Cushion covers should not beremoved and dry cleaned.XDo not clean with either water base or solvent basecleaners. Use vacuuming and light brushing only.9.1.2 Furniture cushion covers having zippers or otherclosures should n
32、ever be removed for the refurbishing process.9.1.3 If vacuuming is the selected refurbishing method,report the equipment and details of the procedures used.9.1.4 If overall cleaning or spot cleaning are the selectedrefurbishing methods, choose an appropriate type of cleaningagent (solvent based or w
33、ater based) as directed by thevoluntary care instructions.9.1.4.1 The specific cleaning product used shall be a domes-tically available upholstery cleaning product, used as recom-mended by the manufacturer.9.1.5 Complete the refurbishing treatment once, or as manytimes as specified.9.2 After the ref
34、urbishing treatment, allow the furniture unitto stand 24 h or until dry, and evaluate using the test methodsas directed in Section 10.10. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric AfterRefurbishing10.1 The characteristics of attached upholstery fabric to beevaluated after refurbishing may include, bu
35、t are not limited to:color change; visual appearance of the furniture units; compat-ibility of furniture units within a group; and other characteris-tics as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.D 4852 88 (2009)1210.1.1 Determine color change caused by the refurbishingprocess by using the AATCC
36、 Gray Scale, when appropriate.10.2 Evaluate the appearance of the furniture unit by notingcolor change, seams, welting, tufting, yarn appearance andslippage, as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.10.3 Evaluate compatibility of furniture units within a groupby noting changes in appearance, co
37、lor and texture, as agreedupon between purchaser, and supplier.10.4 Examine upholstery fabric for any other obviouschanges.REPORT, CONFORMANCE, AND INDEXING11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inPractice D 4852.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Objective of the
38、test.11.2.2 Description and identification of furniture units andupholstery fabric coverings.11.2.3 Number of furniture units tested.11.2.4 Description of refurbishing products and proceduresused.11.2.5 Specific details of each test, where there is an optionin procedures, or when purchaser and suppl
39、ier have reached amutual agreement on procedure.11.2.6 List of performance characteristics evaluated and theresults of each evaluation.11.2.7 Conclusions, if appropriate.12. Conformance12.1 When the purchaser and the supplier have agreed uponspecific requirements for the characteristics that are to
40、beconsidered, the upholstered furniture that fails to meet theserequirements may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe supplier in writing. In case of disagreement with the resultsof the tests, the supplier may make claim for a retest.13. Keywords13.1 furniture; upholsteryASTM Internationa
41、l takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their o
42、wn responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be a
43、ddressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,
44、at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4852 88 (2009)13
