1、Designation: D 4860 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-DistillateFuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for
3、fieldand laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter andnumerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillatefuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to
4、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 11.2.3 and Anne
5、x A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent3D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-tion Fuel by Line SamplingD 2709 Test M
6、ethod for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specifi
7、c to This Standard:3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)acondition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops orparticulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.2 free waterwater in excess of that soluble in the fuelat the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel as
8、 a hazeor cloudiness, or as droplets.3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEPC however, in some instances the samplecan be transferred from the apparatus used to secure the sampleto the sample container used in the test.NOTE 3Exercise care when transferring a sample from one containerto anothe
9、r to ensure the test sample is representative of the fuel source.8.2 Use the following procedure when the sample is drawndirectly into the sample container from a sampling valve:8.2.1 Be sure the sampling valve is free of loose solidcontaminants. If rust or other loose encrustations are present,remo
10、ve with a cloth; then flush the sampling valve beforetaking the actual sample.8.2.2 Rinse a clean sample container thoroughly with thefuel being sampled.8.2.3 Draw approximately 700 mL of fuel into the samplecontainer (at least34 full) as rapidly as possible. Use a full flushrather than permitting t
11、he fuel sample to trickle out.AB CDEFFIG. 2 Test Supplies and AccessoryD48600738.2.4 A lid must be placed on the container to prevent waterabsorption or loss from the sample to the ambient environment,especially if the test is performed under different environmen-tal conditions than those of the sam
12、ple site or at a later time.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Locate the Micro-Separometer on a clean workbench inan area in which the temperature is within the operating limitsof the instrument, 0 to 50 (32 to 122F).9.2 Open the case and remove the six-pack box from the lid.Raise the right panel until
13、 completely vertical and locked inplace. When ac power is available, connect the power cord andturn the instrument on; otherwise operate using battery power.9.3 Depress the switch (push button) marked ON.NOTE 4Flickering of the power indicator light during any portion ofa test sequence being perform
14、ed when using battery power indicates thatrecharging is necessary.9.4 Have ready a supply of syringes, syringe plugs, vials,and Alumicel coalescer/filters. In addition, have the wire aidreadily available and the catch pan positioned under the syringedrive mechanism to accept the spent fuel.10. Condi
15、tioning10.1 Under no circumstances is the test fuel to be prefilteredas filter media can remove the very materials, water andparticulate matter, that the test is designed to detect.10.2 The sample temperature shall not be lower than thetemperature at which the fuel will be stored and used. Too lowa
16、temperature may cause a haze to form from water previouslyin solution. When possible, perform the test with the fuelsample at a temperature representing a real-use situation.11. Procedure11.1 Visual inspection for water or particulate contamina-tion.11.1.1 Immediately upon drawing a sample for field
17、 testing,check visually for evidence of water or particulate contamina-tion. Hold the sample container up to the ambient light sourceand view the fuel through the walls of the container, visuallyexamining for haze or lack of clarity. Check the same sampleby swirling the fuel in the sample container
18、to produce avortex. The bottom of the vortex is visually examined forparticulate matter. Record the visual clarity as clear-and-brightor not clear-and-bright. Record if particulate matter or waterwas or was not viewed at the bottom of the vortex. Cap thecontainer.11.2 Numerical Rating of Free Water
19、Using Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe:11.2.1 Select the clear-and-bright test mode by depressingthe push button marked C which illuminates. The syringe drivemechanism travels to the UP position and the proper syringedrive speed is automatically selected.11.2.2 Prepare Fuel Sample:11.2.2.1 Remove a p
20、lunger from a new 50-mL syringe,insert a plug into the tapered bottom of the syringe, and add50 6 1 mL of fuel sample into the barrel of syringe.11.2.2.2 Insert the plunger using the wire aid to release theentrapped air. Insert the wire aid in the syringe barrel with theloop end out. (To ensure that
21、 only the entrapped air is expelledwithout fuel loss, the syringe barrel should be cocked at a slightangle with the wire aid held against the upper portion of thebarrelFig. 3.) Insert the plunger to the 50-mL mark on thesyringe barrel. Remove the wire aid from the syringe. Removethe plug from the sy
22、ringe and replace it with an Alumicelcoalescer.11.2.3 Prepare for Coalescing/Filter ProcessPlace theentire syringe assembly into the syringe drive mechanism.Electrically bond the coalescer/filter to the instrument by usingthe ground lead provided. Insert the end with the banana pluginto the receptic
23、le located left of the syringe drive mechanismand attach the alligator clip to one of the coalescer/filter fins.Position a waste container beneath theAlumicel coalescer/filterto collect the unwanted portion of the processed fuel sampleduring the coalescing/filtering period of the test (Fig. 4).(Warn
24、ingAlumicel coalescer/filters should be electricallybonded to the Micro-Separometer to prevent buildup of anelectrostatic charge that could result in ignition of flammabletest fluids (Fig. 4).)11.2.4 Initiate the Coalescing/Filtering Process:11.2.4.1 Depress the START push button which initiates the
25、automatic program (see Table 1). The automatic program is aseries of timed events controlled by the instrument that beginswith the syringe drive mechanism forcing the fuel through theAlumicel coalescer/filter.11.2.4.2 Disregard the first 5 mL of expended fuel and,using a new vial, collect the next 1
26、5 mL of fuel sample beingprocessed from the Alumicel coalescer/filter (Fig. 5). To lessenthe amount of air introduced into the fuel during this operation,position the vial at a slight angle and allow the fuel to flowdown the inner surface.11.2.4.3 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlessw
27、iper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the well.11.2.5 Adjust the meter to the 100 reference level.11.2.5.1 A short 4-s tone sounds followed by the meteractivating for 10 s. Durin
28、g this period, the meter is adjusted toFIG. 3 Plunger InsertionD4860074the 100 reference level by depressing the appropriate AR-ROWED push buttons. At the end of the 10-s period, the meterwill deactivate for 30 s. Once the meter deactivates, furtheradjustment of the meter from this point on through
29、the end ofthe test is not possible.11.2.6 Perform Measurement:11.2.6.1 Remove the vial from the turbidimeter well anddiscard the sample. Half fill the vial with fresh fuel sample thathas not been processed (filtered).11.2.6.2 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerp
30、rints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the well.11.2.7 Read the MSEPC free water; Micro-Separometer; mid-dillate fuels; MSEPC particulatecontaminationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. WARNING STATEMENTA1
31、.1 Flammable Liquid (general)Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.Keep container closed.Use only with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.Spillage and fire instructions will depend on nature of liquid.SUMMARY OF C
32、HANGESSubcommittee D02.14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 486091(2005) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Updated the labeling of the Alumicel Coalescer/Filter in7.2.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of an
33、y patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to rev
34、ision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
35、 comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyr
36、ighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4860076
