1、Designation: D 4860 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means fo
3、r fieldand laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter andnumerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillatefuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport t
4、o address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 11.2.3 and Ann
5、ex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent3D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-tion Fuel by Line SamplingD 2709 Test
6、Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specif
7、ic to This Standard:3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)acondition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops orparticulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.2 free waterwater in excess of that soluble in the fuelat the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel a
8、s a hazeor cloudiness, or as droplets.3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEPC however, in some instances the samplecan be transferred from the apparatus used to secure the sampleto the sample container used in the test.NOTE 4Exercise care when transferring a sample from one containerto anoth
9、er to ensure the test sample is representative of the fuel source.FIG. 1 Mark V Deluxe Micro-Separometer and Control PanelFIG. 2 Mark X Micro-Separometer and Control PanelD48600838.2 Use the following procedure when the sample is drawndirectly into the sample container from a sampling valve:8.2.1 Be
10、 sure the sampling valve is free of loose solidcontaminants. If rust or other loose encrustations are present,remove with a cloth; then flush the sampling valve beforetaking the actual sample.8.2.2 Rinse a clean sample container thoroughly with thefuel being sampled.8.2.3 Draw approximately 700 mL o
11、f fuel into the samplecontainer (at least34 full) as rapidly as possible. Use a full flushrather than permitting the fuel sample to trickle out.8.2.4 A lid must be placed on the container to prevent waterabsorption or loss from the sample to the ambient environment,especially if the test is performe
12、d under different environmen-tal conditions than those of the sample site or at a later time.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Locate the Micro-Separometer on a clean workbench inan area in which the temperature is within the operating limitsof the instrument, 0 to 50C.9.2 Open the case and remove the
13、six-pack box from the lid.Raise the right panel until completely vertical and locked inplace. When ac power is available, connect the power cord andturn the instrument on; otherwise operate using battery power.9.3 Depress the switch (push button) marked ON.NOTE 5Flickering of the power indicator lig
14、ht during any portion ofa test sequence being performed when using battery power indicates thatrecharging is necessary.9.4 Have ready a supply of syringes, syringe plugs, vials,and Clear and Bright coalescer/filters. In addition, have thecatch pan positioned under the syringe drive mechanism toaccep
15、t the spent fuel.10. Conditioning10.1 Under no circumstances is the test fuel to be prefilteredas filter media can remove the very materials, water andparticulate matter, that the test is designed to detect.10.2 The sample temperature shall not be lower than thetemperature at which the fuel will be
16、stored and used. Too lowa temperature may cause a haze to form from water previouslyin solution. When possible, perform the test with the fuelsample at a temperature representing a real-use situation.11. Procedure11.1 Visual inspection for water or particulate contamina-tion.11.1.1 Immediately upon
17、drawing a sample for field testing,check visually for evidence of water or particulate contamina-tion. Hold the sample container up to the ambient light sourceand view the fuel through the walls of the container, visuallyexamining for haze or lack of clarity. Check the same sampleby swirling the fue
18、l in the sample container to produce avortex. The bottom of the vortex is visually examined forparticulate matter. Record the visual clarity as clear-and-brightor not clear-and-bright. Record if particulate matter or waterwas or was not viewed at the bottom of the vortex. Cap thecontainer.11.2 Numer
19、ical Rating of Free Water Using Micro-Separometer:11.2.1 Select the clear-and-bright test mode. The syringedrive mechanism travels to the UP position and the propersyringe drive speed is automatically selected.11.2.2 Prepare Fuel Sample:11.2.2.1 Remove a plunger from a new 50-mL syringe,insert a plu
20、g into the tapered bottom of the syringe, and add50 6 1 mL of fuel sample into the barrel of syringe.11.2.2.2 Insert the plunger in the syringe barrel with theloop end out. (To ensure that only the entrapped air is expelledwithout fuel loss, the syringe barrel should be cocked at a slightangle.) Ins
21、ert the plunger to the 50-mL mark on the syringebarrel. Remove the plug from the syringe and replace it with aClear and Bright coalescer.11.2.3 Prepare for Coalescing/Filter ProcessPlace theentire syringe assembly into the syringe drive mechanism.Electrically bond the coalescer/filter to the instrum
22、ent by usingthe ground lead provided. Insert the end with the banana pluginto the receptacle located left of the syringe drive mechanismand attach the alligator clip to one of the coalescer/filter fins.Position a waste container beneath the coalescer/filter (see7.2.4) to collect the unwanted portion
23、 of the processed fuelsample during the coalescing/filtering period of the test (Fig.4). (WarningClear and Bright coalescer/filters should beelectrically bonded to the Micro-Separometer to preventbuildup of an electrostatic charge that could result in ignition offlammable test fluids (Fig. 4).)11.2.
24、4 Initiate the Coalescing/Filtering Process:11.2.4.1 Depress the START push button which initiates theautomatic program (see Table 1). The automatic program is aseries of timed events controlled by the instrument that beginswith the syringe drive mechanism forcing the fuel through thecoalescer/filte
25、r.AB CDEFFIG. 3 Test Supplies and AccessoryD486008411.2.4.2 Disregard the first 5 mL of expended fuel and,using a new vial, collect the next 15 mL of fuel sample beingprocessed from the coalescer/filter (Fig. 5). To lessen theamount of air introduced into the fuel during this operation,position the
26、vial at a slight angle and allow the fuel to flowdown the inner surface.11.2.4.3 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the wel
27、l.11.2.5 Adjust the meter to the 100 reference level.11.2.5.1 A short 4-s tone sounds followed by the meteractivating for 10 s. During this period, the meter is adjusted tothe 100 reference level by depressing the appropriate arrowpush buttons. At the end of the 10-s period, the meter willdeactivate
28、 for 30 s. Once the meter deactivates, furtheradjustment of the meter from this point on through the end ofthe test is not possible.11.2.6 Perform Measurement:11.2.6.1 Remove the vial from the turbidimeter well anddiscard the sample. Half fill the vial with fresh fuel sample thathas not been process
29、ed (filtered).11.2.6.2 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the well.11.2.7 Read the MSEPC free water; Micro-Separometer; mid
30、dle distillate fuels; MSEPC par-ticulate contaminationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. WARNING STATEMENTA1.1 Flammable Liquid (general)Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.Keep container closed.Use only with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged
31、or repeated contact with skin.Spillage and fire instructions will depend on nature of liquid.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 486007) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added the Mark X Micro-Separ
32、ometer instrument andinformation regarding the operation of the Mark X Micro-Separometer throughout the standard.(2) Added new Fig. 2.(3) Added new research report.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
33、standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be r
34、eviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespon
35、sible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4860086
