1、Designation: D 4867/D 4867M 09Standard Test Method forEffect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4867/D 4867M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing andtesting asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measur
3、-ing the effect of water on the tensile strength of the pavingmixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures suchas those appearing in the Table for Composition of BituminousPaving Mixtures in Specification D 3515. This test method canbe used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or wit
4、houtantistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solidssuch as hydrated lime or portland cement.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsin parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each syst
5、em must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
6、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD 1074 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Bitumi-nous MixturesD 1561 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture TestSpecimens by M
7、eans of California Kneading CompactorD 2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD 3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in CompactedDense a
8、nd Open Bituminous Paving MixturesD 3387 Test Method for Compaction and Shear Propertiesof Bituminous Mixtures by Means of the U.S. Corps ofEngineers Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM)D 3496 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous MixtureSpecimens for Dynamic Modulus TestingD 3515 Specification for Hot-M
9、ixed, Hot-Laid BituminousPaving Mixtures3D 3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of CompactedBituminous Paving Mixture SpecimensD 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of ConstructionMaterialsD 4013 Practice for Preparation of Test Specimens of Bitu-minous Mixtures by Means of Gyratory Shear Compacto
10、rD 4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for ResilientModulus of Bituminous Mixtures3D 6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous SpecimensUsing Marshall Apparatus3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Potential for Moisture DamageThe degree of suscep-tibility to moisture damage is determined by prepari
11、ng a set oflaboratory-compacted specimens conforming to the job-mixformula without an additive. The specimens are compacted toa void content corresponding to void levels expected in thefield, usually in the 6 to 8 % range. The set is divided into twosubsets of approximately equal void content. One s
12、ubset ismaintained dry while the other subset is partially saturated withwater and moisture conditioned. The tensile strength of eachsubset is determined by the tensile splitting test. The potentialfor moisture damage is indicated by the ratio of the tensilestrength of the wet subset to that of the
13、dry subset.3.2 Additive EffectThe effect of an antistripping additiveis determined on a set of specimens containing an additiveprepared and tested as described in 3.1. The effect of anadditive dosage may be estimated by repeating the tests on setswith different additive dosages.1This test method is
14、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.22 onEffect of Water and Other Elements on Bituminous Coated Aggregates.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1988. Last previous
15、edition approved in 2004 as D 486704.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last app
16、roved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3 Plant-Produced MixturesThe potential for moisturedamage or the effectiveness of an additive in a plant-produce
17、dmixture is determined on specimens that are laboratory com-pacted to expected field-level void content, divided into wetand dry subsets, and evaluated as described in 3.2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt concretemixtures in conjunction with mixture design test
18、ing to deter-mine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whetheror not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determinewhat dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effec-tiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixturesproduced in plants to determine the effective
19、ness of additivesunder the conditions imposed in the field.5. Apparatus5.1 To prepare and compact the specimens use apparatusfrom any one of the following: Test Methods D 1074, andD 3387, Practice D 3496, or Practices D 1561, D 4013, andD 6926.5.2 Vacuum Pump or Water Aspirator in accordance withTes
20、t Method D 2041.5.3 Manometer or Vacuum Gage in accordance with TestMethod D 2041.5.4 Container, preferably Type F, of Test Method D 2041.5.5 Balance in accordance with Test Method D 2726.5.6 Water Baths Three:5.6.1 One waterbath in accordance with Test MethodD 2726.5.6.2 One bath capable of maintai
21、ning a temperature of 606 1.0C (140 6 1.8F) for 24 h, and5.6.3 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 256 1.0C (77 6 1.8F).5.7 Mechanical or Hydraulic Testing Machine capable ofmaintaining the required strain rate and measuring load withequal or better precision.5.8 Loading Strips in accor
22、dance with Test MethodD 4123.6. Preparation of Laboratory Test Specimens6.1 Make at least six specimens for each test, three to betested dry and three to be tested after partial saturation andmoisture conditioning.6.2 Use specimens 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter and 62.5 mm(2.5 in.) high, in general, bu
23、t specimens of other dimensionsmay be used if desired. When using aggregate larger than 25mm (1 in.), use specimens at least 150 mm (6 in.) in diameter.NOTE 1The user is cautioned that the specimen diameter has beendetermined to influence both the tensile strength and the tensile strengthratio. The
24、tensile strength and the tensile strength ratio values may bedifferent for 150mm specimens compared to 100mm specimens.6.3 Prepare mixtures in batches large enough to make atleast 3 specimens or, as an alternative, prepare a batch justlarge enough for 1 specimen. If theoretical maximum specificgravi
25、ty is to be determined, use a batch large enough or preparea separate batch to provide a specimen for this purpose.6.4 When a liquid antistripping additive is used, heat asufficient quantity of asphalt cement for one batch to 150 66C (300 6 10F) in a closed 1 L (1-qt) can in an oven. Addthe required
26、 quantity of additive and immediately mix, forapproximately 2 min, with a mechanical stirrer approximately25 mm (1 in.) from the bottom of the container. Maintain thetreated asphalt cement at 150 6 6C (300 6 10F) in theclosed can until it is used. Discard the treated asphalt cement ifnot used the sa
27、me day it is prepared, or if allowed to cool sothat it requires reheating.6.5 When using a pulverulent solid antistripping additive ,use the addition procedure simulating the procedure expectedin the field. Follow the procedure specified in either 6.5.1,6.5.2,or6.5.3.6.5.1 When dry powder is added t
28、o dry aggregate, dry,batch, and heat the mineral aggregate to 150 6 6C (300 610F). Add the required quantity of additive to the aggregate,and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distributionof additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss ofadditive to the atmosphere in the form of
29、 dust. After mixing,maintain the treated aggregate at the required mixing tempera-ture until it is used.6.5.2 When dry powder is added to damp aggregate, batchthe damp mineral aggregate, and adjust the moisture content ofthe combined aggregate to the expected field moisture level.Add the required qu
30、antity of additive to the damp aggregate,and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distributionof additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss ofadditive to the atmosphere in the form of dust. After mixing,dry the treated aggregate, heat to the required mixing tempera-ture, and main
31、tain at that temperature until it is used.6.5.3 When powder slurry is used, add the required quantityof additive to water using the powder to water ratio expected inthe field. Take care to minimize the loss of additive to theatmosphere in the form of dust. To prevent settling, continu-ously mix the
32、resulting slurry until it is used. Batch the dampmineral aggregate, adjust the moisture content as required in6.5.2, add the required quantity of slurry, and thoroughly mixthe entire mass until a uniform distribution of slurry isachieved. After mixing, dry the treated aggregate, heat to therequired
33、mixing temperature, and maintain at that temperatureuntil used.6.6 Proportion, mix, and compact specimens in accordancewith one of the following: Test Methods D 1074, D 3387,Practice D 3496, Practices D 1561, D 4013,orD 6926, and6.6.1 and 6.6.2.6.6.1 After mixing, stabilize the mixture temperature o
34、feach specimen at the required compaction temperature, in aclosed container, in an oven for 1 to 2 h. If preparing amulti-specimen batch, split the batch into single-specimenquantities before placing into the oven.6.6.2 Compact the specimens to 7 6 1 % air voids, or a voidlevel expected in the field
35、 at the time of construction. This voidlevel can be obtained by adjusting the following: the static loadin double-plunger compaction; the number of blows in amarshall hammer compaction; the foot pressure, number oftamps, leveling load, or some combination in kneading com-paction; or the number of re
36、volutions in gyratory compaction.Determine the exact procedure by trial for each mixture.D 4867/D 4867M 0926.6.3 Cool specimens in the mold to room temperature asrapidly as possible in a stream of moving air, extract frommolds, then follow the procedure outlined in Section 8 within24 h.7. Preparatio
37、n of Field Specimens7.1 Select a truck to be sampled in accordance with PracticeD 3665.7.2 Secure a sample from the truck at the plant in accor-dance with Practice D 979.7.3 Stabilize the mixture temperature to approximately thetemperature found in the field when rolling begins. Maintainthis tempera
38、ture in a closed container, in an oven if necessary,for approximately the time lapse between mixing and the startof actual rolling.7.4 Compact the specimens in accordance with 6.6.2, andcool and extract from the molds in accordance with 6.6.3.7.5 If specimens are not to be compacted in the fieldlabo
39、ratory, place the samples in a sealed container, transport tothe laboratory, and reheat to the temperature required in 7.3.Proceed with the steps in 7.4.NOTE 2Specimens made from plant-produced mixtures in accordancewith Section 7 may yield different results from specimens made fromlaboratory-produc
40、ed mixtures of the same job mix made in accordancewith Section 6.8. ProcedureNOTE 3A data sheet that is convenient for use with this procedureappears in Appendix X1.8.1 Determine the theoretical maximum specific gravity inaccordance with Test Method D 2041.8.2 Determine the specimen height in accord
41、ance with TestMethod D 3549.8.3 Determine the bulk specific gravity in accordance withTest Method D 2726, and express the volume of the specimenin cubic centimeters. The term (B-C) in Test Method D 2726 isthe volume of the specimen in cubic centimeters.8.4 Calculate the percent air voids in accordan
42、ce with TestMethod D 3203, and express the volume of air in cubiccentimeters. The volume of air is the volume of the specimenin 8.3 multiplied by the percent air voids.8.5 Sort the specimens into two subsets so that the averageair voids of the two subsets are approximately equal. Store thesubset to
43、be tested dry at room temperature.8.6 Partially saturate the subset to be moisture conditionedwith distilled water at room temperature using a vacuumchamber. If it is difficult to reach the minimum degree ofsaturation required in 8.6.3, the water used to saturate may beheated up to 60C (140F).8.6.1
44、Partially saturate, to the degree specified in 8.6.3,byapplying a partial vacuum such as 70 kPa or 525 mm Hg (20in. Hg) for a short time such as five min.NOTE 4Experiments with partial vacuum at room temperature indi-cate that the degree of saturation is very sensitive to the magnitude of thevacuum
45、and practically independent of the duration. The level of vacuumneeded appears to be different for different mixtures.8.6.2 Determine the volume of the partially saturated speci-men in accordance with Test Method D 2726. Determine thevolume of the absorbed water by subtracting the air-dry massof the
46、 specimen in 8.3 from the saturated surface-dry mass ofthe partially saturated specimen.8.6.3 Determine the degree of saturation by dividing thevolume of the absorbed water in 8.6.2 by the volume of airvoids in 8.4 and express the result as a percentage. If thevolume of water is between 55 and 80 %
47、of the volume of air,proceed to 8.7. If the volume of water is less than 55 %, repeatthe procedure beginning with 8.6.1 using a slightly higherpartial vacuum. If the volume of water is more than 80 %, thespecimen has been damaged and is discarded.NOTE 5If the average air voids of the saturated subse
48、t is less than6.5 %, a degree of saturation of at least 70 % is recommended.8.7 Moisture condition the partially saturated specimens bysoaking in distilled water at 60 6 1.0C (140 6 1.8F) for 24h.NOTE 6If a freeze-thaw conditioning cycle is desired, the followingprocedure is suggested instead of the
49、 procedure in 8.7. Wrap each of thepartially saturated specimens tightly with two layers of plastic film usingmasking tape to hold the wrapping if necessary. Place each wrappedspecimen into a leak-proof plastic bag containing approximately 3 mL ofdistilled water, and seal the bag with a tie or tape. Place the wrapped andbagged specimens into an air bath freezer at 18 6 2.0C (0.4 6 3.6F).After at least 15 h in the freezer, remove the specimens and immerse themin a water bath at 60 6 1.0C (140 6 1.8F) for 24 h. After 3 min ofimmersion, after specimen surf
