1、Designation: D4889 04 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forPolyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity ofCrude or Modified Isocyanates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity ofcrude or modified isocya
3、nates. They are applicable to productsderived from toluene diisocyanate, methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate), and polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates(see Note 1).NOTE 1Test method A includes a procedure for measuring dynamicviscosity using a rotational Brookfield instrument. Test method B issimply a
4、reference to a general procedure for measuring kinematicviscosity using a Cannon-Fenske instrument, D445.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o
5、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardsstatements see Warnings at the end of 5.1 and 10.5.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Docu
6、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods s
7、eeTerminology D883.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods can be used for research or forquality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethaneproducts.4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformcontinuous flow without turbulence or other forces.4.3 Some isocyanates
8、exhibit non-Newtonian behavior un-der certain conditions. Whenever possible, generate results forcomparison under the same conditions, that is, the samespindle/speed combination for Brookfield viscosity and thesame tube size for Cannon-Fenske viscosity.5. Sampling5.1 Since organic isocyanates react
9、with atmospheric mois-ture, special precautions must be taken in sampling (seeWarning at the end of this paragraph). Usual sampling methods(for example, sampling an open drum with a thief), even whencarried out rapidly, can cause contamination of the sample withinsoluble urea. Therefore, the sample
10、must be blanketed withdry air or nitrogen at all times. (WarningOrganic isocyanates are harmful when they are absorbed through the skin,or when the vapors are breathed. Provide adequate ventilationand protective gloves and wear eyeglasses.)6. Test Conditions6.1 Since isocyanates react with moisture,
11、 keep laboratoryhumidity low, preferably about 50 % relative humidity.TEST METHOD ABROOKFIELD VISCOSITY7. Summary of Test Method7.1 The viscosity is measured at 25 6 0.3C with a Brook-field viscometer, either Model LVF, LVT, RVF, or RVT.38. Interferences8.1 The temperature and container size are imp
12、ortant factorsin measuring Brookfield viscosity accurately. Deviation fromthe prescribed conditions will affect the accuracy of the results.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials -
13、Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4889 - 04. DOI:10.1520/D4889-04R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv
14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, 240 Cushing St., Stough-ton, MA 02072.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
15、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Apparatus9.1 Brookfield Synchro-lectric Viscometers,3Model LVF,LVT, RVF, or RVT is to be used. Calibrate the instrumentperiodically with Brookfield Engineering Laboratories 10 mPas (cP) or 100 mPa s (cP) Viscosity Standard Fluids.9.2 Spindle No. 1, The No. 1 Sp
16、indles for the LV and RVinstruments are different and, therefore, it is important to usethe correct spindle type.9.3 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining atemperature of 25 6 0.3C.9.4 Bath and Sample Thermometers, graduated in 0.1Csubdivisions and standardized for the range of use to th
17、enearest 0.01C. An ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometerhaving a range of 1927C and conforming to the requirementsfor Thermometer 17C in Specification E1 is recommended.69.5 Wide-Mouth 1-Quart Paint CanAlternatively, a1-quart jar or a 600-mL beaker can be used.10. Procedure10.1 Place sufficient sample
18、in a 1-quart paint can to coverthe immersion mark on the viscometer spindle. Equilibrate thesample in the 25C constant-temperature bath.10.2 Attach the No. 1 spindle to the viscometer followingthe directions supplied with the instrument. Set the speed usingthe guidelines in Table 1 (see Note 3). If
19、the viscosity range ofthe sample is unknown, selection is accomplished by trial anderror.NOTE 3The No. 1 spindle is suitable for the majority of crude ormodified isocyanates. If it is necessary to use a different spindle and speedcombination, conversion factors for spindle number versus spindle spee
20、dare given in Table 2. A dial reading as close to the center of the scale aspossible is recommended. When there is a choice between two combina-tions with the same conversion factor, choose the combination with thelower speed.10.3 Immerse the viscometer spindle and guard into thesample to the immers
21、ion line marked on the spindle. Avoidforming air bubbles under the spindle during immersion. Ifbubbles are observed, detach the spindle, keeping it in thesample, and stir until the bubbles are released, then reattach thespindle. Center the spindle in the test material.10.4 Press down the viscometer
22、clutch lever and start themotor. Release the clutch lever after the spindle has made 8 to10 revolutions. Depress the clutch lever, stop the motor, andread the scale. If the pointer is not in view or if it is below 10 %torque when the dial comes to rest, rapidly throw the motorswitch on and off (with
23、 the clutch lever still depressed) until thepointer is in view and is above 10 % torque.10.5 Repeat the procedure until the readings (after each 8 to10 revolutions) agree to within one scale division. (WarningAlways release the clutch lever when the spindle is stillimmersed in the liquid so that poi
24、nter will float back rather thansnap back to zero.)11. Calculation11.1 Viscosity, mPa s (cP)=A 3 F.11.1.1 A = dial reading on the 100 scale.11.1.2 F = conversion factor (see Table 2).12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionAttempts to develop a precision and biasstatement for this test method have not b
25、een successful;however, the precision is expected to be equivalent to thatreported by the instrument manufacturer. For this reason, dataon precision and bias cannot be given. Because this test methoddoes not contain a numerical precision and bias statement, itshall not be used as a referee test meth
26、od in case of dispute.Anyone wishing to participate in the development of precisionand bias data should contact the Chairman, SubcommitteeD 20.22 (Section D 20.22.01), ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken, PA 19428.12.2 BiasThe bias of this test method has not yet beendetermined.TEST METHOD
27、 BCANNON-FENSKE13. General:13.1 A general test method for Cannon-Fenske viscositywhich applies to isocyanates as well as other materials ispublished in Test Method D445.414. Keywords14.1 Brookfield; Cannon-Fenske; isocyanates; polyurethaneraw materials; viscosity4Supporting data are available from A
28、STM Headquarters. Request RR:D01-1132.TABLE 1 Guide to Selecting the Rotational Speed Using the Number 1 SpindleViscosity range of samplein mPa s (cP)LVFRotational speed (rpm)LVTRotational speed (rpm)RVFRotational speed (rpm)RVTRotational speed (rpm)10-80 60 60 20 10080-160 30 30 20 50160-400 12 12
29、20 20D4889 04 (2011)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
30、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or f
31、or additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views know
32、n to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM
33、 at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Conversion Factors for Various Combinat
34、ions of Spindles and Rotational SpeedsSpindle Number Conversion FactorsLVF Rotational speed, rpm 6 12 30 601105212521053 200 100 40 204 1000 500 200 100RVF Rotational speed, rpm 2 4 10 2015025 52 200 100 40 203 500 250 100 504 1000 500 200 1005 2000 1000 400 2006 5000 2500 1000 5007 20 000 10 000 40
35、00 2000LVT Rotational speed, rpm 0.3 0.69 1.5 3 6 12 30 601 200 100 40 20 10 5 2 12 1000 500 200 100 50 25 10 53 4000 2000 800 400 200 100 40 204 20 000 10 000 4000 2000 1000 500 200 100RVT Rotational speed, rpm 0.5 1 2 2.5 4 5 10 20 50 1001 200 100 50 40 25 20 10 5 2 12 800 400 200 160 100 80 40 20 8 43 2000 1000 500 400 250 200 100 50 20 104 4000 2000 1000 800 500 400 200 100 40 205 8000 4000 2000 1600 1000 800 400 200 80 406 20 000 10 000 5000 4000 2500 2000 1000 500 200 1007 80 000 40 000 20 000 1600 10 000 8000 4000 2000 800 400D4889 04 (2011)3
