1、Designation: D4948 89 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Upper Layer Separated from a ViscousLiquid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof liquid separated as an upper layer in a 24-h
3、period fromviscous solutions or dispersions that contain dispersed solidssuch as paints, enamels, pigmented lacquers, adhesives, pol-ishes, and other similar materials.NOTE 1The amount of clear liquid that separates during this test isone of the criteria in the United Nations Recommendations on theT
4、ransportation of Dangerous Goods2for the placement of flammableviscous liquids into packing groups related to flash points (See 4.1).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
5、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D3925 Practice
6、 for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented Coatings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Ameasured amount of the material to be tested is placedin a graduated cylinder and allowed to stand undisturbed for 24h. The volume percent of the separated top layer is thendetermined.4. Significance and Use4.1 Th
7、e United Nations Committee of Experts on theTransport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regula-tions place materials having a flash point below 23C (73.5F)in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such aspaint and related coatings, adhesives, polishes, etc., meetcertain requirements,
8、 they can be placed in Group III alongwith materials having a flash point between 23 and 60.5C(73.5 and 140F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 %of clear liquid separates from the bulk of the material whensubjected to this test method.4.2 At the present time most international regulatory
9、bodiessuch as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) use theU.N. Recommendations. It is anticipated that most nationaltransportation regulatory bodies will adopt the U.N. Recom-mendations as their regulations for control of transportatio
10、n ofhazardous materials. At present the United States permits thetransshipment of hazardous materials through the United Statesto other countries under regulations of the IMO and ICAO.5. Apparatus5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL, TC, glass-stoppered,295-mm total height and 29-mm inside diameter.5.2 Co
11、nstant Temperature Cabinet or Room, at 23 6 2C(73.5 6 3.5F).6. Sampling6.1 Obtain a uniform quart sample of the material usingstandard methods for sampling in accordance with PracticeD3925.7. Conditioning7.1 Store the sample or a representative portion at a constanttemperature of 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5
12、F) until the samplereaches a uniform temperature of 23C (73.5F).8. Procedure8.1 Thoroughly stir the sample to obtain uniform consis-tency and, in the case of materials containing particles, uniformdispersion of these particles.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Pain
13、tand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4948 - 89 (2
14、006) DOI:10.1520/D4948-89R12.2Transport of Dangerous Goods: Recommendations of the Committee of Expertson the Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations; 3rd ed., New York, 1984.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
15、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.2 Immediately pour 100 mL of the sample into thegraduated cylinde
16、r. Insert a stopper, then leave the cylinderundisturbed at 23C (73.5 6 3.5F) for 24 h.8.3 After 24 h, measure the volume of any upper separatedlayer and determine the percent of the separated layer com-pared to the total volume of the specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the volume percent of the cl
17、ear upper liquidlayer Pcas follows:Pc5 Vc/Vm! 3100 (1)where:Vc= volume of the clear upper liquid layer, mL, andVm= total volume of the 100-mL specimen, mL.10. Report10.1 Report the volume percent of the separated clear liquidto within 0.5 %.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test metho
18、d will be determined.11.2 Bias cannot be determined since no standards areavailable.12. Keywords12.1 upper layer; viscous liquidASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
19、 expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not r
20、evised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
21、 may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
22、States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4948 89 (2012)2
