1、Designation: D4948 89 (Reapproved 2012)D4948 89 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Upper Layer Separated from a ViscousLiquid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of liquid separated a
3、s an upper layer in a 24-h period from viscoussolutions or dispersions that contain dispersed solids such as paints, enamels, pigmented lacquers, adhesives, polishes, and othersimilar materials.NOTE 1The amount of clear liquid that separates during this test is one of the criteria in the United Nati
4、ons Recommendations on the Transportationof Dangerous Goods2 for the placement of flammable viscous liquids into packing groups related to flash points (See 4.1).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This st
5、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
6、STM Standards:3D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A measured amount of the material to be tested is placed in a graduated cylinder and allowed to stand undisturbed for 24h. The volume percent of the separated top layer is then determi
7、ned.4. Significance and Use4.1 The United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regulations placematerials having a flash point below 23C (73.5F) in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such as paint and relatedcoatings, adhesives, polishes
8、, etc., meet certain requirements, they can be placed in Group III along with materials having a flashpoint between 23 and 60.5C (73.5 and 140F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 % of clear liquid separates from thebulk of the material when subjected to this test method.4.2 At the present
9、 time most international regulatory bodies such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) andthe International Maritime Organization (IMO) use the U.N. Recommendations. It is anticipated that most national transportationregulatory bodies will adopt the U.N. Recommendations as their reg
10、ulations for control of transportation of hazardous materials.At present the United States permits the transshipment of hazardous materials through the United States to other countries underregulations of the IMO and ICAO.5. Apparatus5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL, TC, glass-stoppered, 295-mm total
11、height and 29-mm inside diameter.5.2 Constant Temperature Cabinet or Room, at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F).1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysi
12、s of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asD4948 - 89 (2006)D4948 89 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D4948-89R12.10.1520/D4948-89R16.2 Transport of Dangerous Goods
13、: Recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations; 33rdrd ed., New York, 1984.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information,
14、refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately d
15、epict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、19428-2959. United States16. Sampling6.1 Obtain a uniform quart sample of the material using standard methods for sampling in accordance with Practice D3925.7. Conditioning7.1 Store the sample or a representative portion at a constant temperature of 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) until the sample reachesa un
17、iform temperature of 23C (73.5F).8. Procedure8.1 Thoroughly stir the sample to obtain uniform consistency and, in the case of materials containing particles, uniformdispersion of these particles.8.2 Immediately pour 100 mL of the sample into the graduated cylinder. Insert a stopper, then leave the c
18、ylinder undisturbedat 23C (73.5 6 3.5F) for 24 h.8.3 After 24 h, measure the volume of any upper separated layer and determine the percent of the separated layer compared tothe total volume of the specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the volume percent of the clear upper liquid layer Pc as follows:P
19、c5Vc/Vm!3100 (1)where:Vc = volume of the clear upper liquid layer, mL, andVm = total volume of the 100-mL specimen, mL.where:Vc = volume of the clear upper liquid layer, mL, andVm = total volume of the 100-mL specimen, mL.10. Report10.1 Report the volume percent of the separated clear liquid to with
20、in 0.5 %.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method will be determined.11.2 Bias cannot be determined since no standards are available.12. Keywords12.1 upper layer; viscous liquidASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
21、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
22、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful conside
23、ration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
24、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 89 (2016)2
