1、Designation: D4960 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Traffic MarkingMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the instrumental determina-tion of color of thermoplastic traffic marking mat
3、erials usingthe CIE tristimulus color measurement system.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
4、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD7307 Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic Traffic
5、Mark-ing MaterialsD7308 Practice for Sample Preparation of ThermoplasticTraffic Marking MaterialsE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usi
6、ngthe CIE SystemE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1349 Test Me
7、thod for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)GeometryF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology D883, E284 and F412, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms
8、 Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 thermochromism, na change in color that takes placein the thermoplastic material with temperature changes.3.2.2 thermoplastic traffc marking material, na highlyfilled 100 % total solids highway marking material that whenheated to a molten state can be extruded or spr
9、ayed onto a roadsurface and when cooled forms a solid, durable delineator.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimen, representative of the material to betested, is taken from a molten sample obtained in accordancewith Practice D7307. The thermoplastic specimen is preparedby pouring into a TFE-f
10、luorocarbon coated pan, to form a pattyof approximately 7.6 cm (3 in.) in diameter. The patty isallowed to cool to room temperature before measuring thecolor. Color measurements are made on the flat side or the topside of the thermoplastic patty.NOTE 1No significant color differences are encountered
11、 in reading thetop or bottom of the patty.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for thedetermination of color of thermoplastic traffic marking mate-rials. This test method can be used in conjunction with variousthermoplastic pavement marking specifications to dete
12、rminecompliance of the material to said specification. This methodcan also be used by manufacturers of these materials todetermine the uniformity of thermoplastic traffic markingmaterials from batch to batch.5.2 There is a slight variation in color standards andcolorimeters. This test method is only
13、 applicable when resultsare reported with information listing the instrument modeldesignation and calibration standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on
14、 Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4960 08. DOI:10.1520/D4960-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 60 mL (2 oz.) Metal Ladle.6.2 Color Measuring
16、 Instrument, conforming to all require-ments of Guide E179, Practice E1164, Test Method E1347,Test Method E1349, and Practice E308 (bidirectional 45:0,capable of reporting data for the CIE D65/2, D6510 or C/2illuminant/observer conditions).6.3 TFE-fluorocarbon Baking Pans or Uncoated Pint CanLids, f
17、or forming 7.6-cm (3-in.) diameter patties.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain a representative sample of the thermoplasticpavement marking material following the guidelines of Prac-tice D7307. Prepare the sample for testing by followingPractice D7308.7.2 Prepare the thermoplastic sample obtained from step7.1. A
18、llow the material to remain at the specified temperatureand specified time, under constant agitation, as required by thegoverning specification.7.3 Remove the thermoplastic sample using a 60-mL (2 oz.)ladle and pour the thermoplastic sample into a clean, TFE-fluorocarbon-lined pan, to form a 7.6-cm
19、(3-in.) diameter patty.If a TFE-fluorocarbon pan is not available, pour the sample intoan uncoated pint tin lid to form a 3-in. diameter patty. If thesample is to be taken from a sample not under constantagitation the sample should be stirred vigorously for at least 10s prior to removing material fo
20、r preparation of the testspecimen to prevent settling of the components and to providea smooth homogeneous surface for color measurement.7.4 Allow the patty to cool to room temperature for aminimum of 30 min.NOTE 2A 30 6 5-min conditioning of the patty negates the initialeffects of thermochromism.7.
21、5 Select the largest port available and calibrate the color-measuring instrument with a white calibration color standardaccording to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.7.6 Remove the patty from the TFE-fluorocarbon pan andread the color measurement values from the flat smooth side. Ifa pi
22、nt tin lid is used then read the top of the patty. Withoutremoving the patty from the sample port immediately takethree readings. For a normal color measurement, record theaverage of two (2) each Y, x, and y readings with a 90 degreerotation between each reading.7.6.1 If there is any evidence of the
23、rmochromism (measure-ments changing with sample orientation), record the average of4 readings with a 90 degree rotation between each reading.8. Report38.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 The formula code, batch number, formula type, andcolor for each patty read,8.1.2 The type of color measuri
24、ng instrument used and theidentification of the white color calibration standard, and8.1.3 The exact cooling period and CIE Y, x and y colorvalues (D65/2, D6510 or C/2 illuminant/observer condi-tions) for each sample.8.1.4 For white thermoplastic materials, users may find itbeneficial to report Whit
25、eness Index in accordance with Prac-tice E313 in comparing lots for internal QA purposes.Similarly, for yellow thermoplastic materials, Yellowness In-dex in accordance with Practice E313 can be used to quantifysmall yellowness differences in lots. These metrics can becalculated from the same color m
26、easurement as used to reportY, x, y values for the thermoplastic color.9. Precision and Bias49.1 The precision of this test method is based on anInterlaboratory study of Test Method D4960 - 89 conducted in2005. Each of nine laboratories tested four different materials.Each “test result” was an indiv
27、idual observation of a colorproperty. Participating laboratories obtained three replicate testresults for each material and property combination. See Tables1-3.9.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the “r” value fo
28、r that materials; “r” is the intervalrepresenting the critical difference between two test results for3This method allows for reporting of color values for several CIE illuminant/observer combinations in order to facilitate color communication. For directcomparison of color values color scale, illum
29、inant, standard observer, instrumentgeometry and standardization, sample preparation and presentation must be thesame.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1136. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE
30、 1 CIE YAveragexRepeatabil-ityStandardDeviationSrReproduc-ibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabil-ityLimitrReproduc-ibilityLimitRMaterial A 81.5211 0.0985 1.1272 0.2757 3.1563Material B 78.6059 0.1365 1.4383 0.3821 4.3073Material C 54.0563 0.1334 0.8587 0.3735 2.4044Material D 47.3507 0.0743 0.4720 0.2
31、081 1.3217TABLE 2 CIE xAveragexRepeatabil-ityStandardDeviationSrReproduc-ibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabil-ityLimitrReproduc-ibilityLimitRMaterial A 0.311304 0.000547 0.001242 0.001532 0.003477Material B 0.318659 0.000549 0.000954 0.001536 0.002670Material C 0.491804 0.000463 0.001885 0.001296 0.
32、005278Material D 0.497219 0.000385 0.001385 0.001078 0.003878TABLE 3 CIE yAveragexRepeatabil-ityStandardDeviationSrReproduc-ibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabil-ityLimitrReproduc-ibilityLimitRMaterial A 0.330322 0.002556 0.005478 0.007156 0.015338Material B 0.337504 0.002493 0.004929 0.006979 0.0138
33、00Material C 0.463115 0.001074 0.003177 0.003007 0.008895Material D 0.460333 0.001096 0.002286 0.003068 0.006400D4960 08 (2013)2the same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results should be judgednot eq
34、uivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for thatmaterial; “R” is the interval representing the difference be-tween two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different labo-ratories.9.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two st
35、ate-ments would have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect.9.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.9.3 The precision and bias statements were determinedthro
36、ugh statistical examination of 48 test results, from a total ofnine laboratories, analyzing four materials.10. Keywords10.1 accepted reference value; accuracy; bias; color mea-surement; interlaboratory study; precision; precision condi-tions; repeatability; reproducibility; standard deviation; ther-
37、moplastic traffic markingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infring
38、ement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard
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