1、Designation: D4977/D4977M 03 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forGranule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977/D4977M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in November 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the d
3、etermination of granuleadhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the ot
4、her. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
5、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Summary of Test Method2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granulesurface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. Theadhesion is assessed by weighing the amount of granules thatare displaced and become loose
6、 as a result of the abrasion test.3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality ofadhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in asample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determinecompliance with the applicable specification requirements orfor comp
7、arative analysis. This test method applies to “asmanufactured” material and may not be applicable to materialthat has had weathering exposure.4. Apparatus4.1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus2A machine de-signed to cycle a test brush back and forth horizontally acrossa specimen at a rate of 50 cycles
8、for 60 to 70 s. The brushassembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 22686 7g5lb614 oz; the stroke length is 152 6 6mm6614 in. A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.4.2 Abrasion Test Brush3Abrush with 22 holes containingbristles made of 0.305-mm 0.012-in. diameter tempered steelwire, 40 wi
9、res per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brushis shown in Fig. 2.4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensi-tivity.5. Test Specimens5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm 2 by 9-in.specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction.For shingles whose geometry does not all
10、ow a continuous 50.8by 229-mm 2 by 9-in. specimen, two-piece specimens arepermitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of anygiven piece is 101.6 mm 4 614 in. It is permitted to join thetwo pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulatedsurfaces.NOTE 1The test result shall be discarde
11、d if the specimen fails toremain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 completeabrasion cycles.5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2C73.4 6 3.6F for 30 min before testing. In case of dispute,condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.1This test method is under the juris
12、diction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4977 03 (200
13、9).DOI: 10.1520/D4977_D4977M-03R13E01.2The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding TestMachine andAbrasion Test Brushes) known to the committee at this time is 3M, 3MCenter, St. Paul, MN 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM Int
14、ernational Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.3Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
15、59. United States16. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Insert the brush in the holder with the 38.1-mm 112-in.side parallel to the stroke line.6.2 Before using a new brush, run it a minimum of 150cycles on scrap mineral surfaced roofing to condition the brush.6.3 Check the bristle length. Make certain tha
16、t all bristlesare the same length and that the plane of the bristles ends isparallel to the plane of the specimen. The maximum length is16.5 mm 2132 in. and minimum length is 14.5 mm 916 in. asmeasured with a steel rule having a resolution of at least 0.5mm 132 in.6.4 Secure the centered brush in th
17、e holder.7. Procedure7.1 Remove any loose granules from the specimen withgentle tapping.7.2 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record themass.7.3 Clean sample holder and clamp the specimen into thesample holder with the mineral granule surface side up.(Visually check and make sure the stri
18、p is centered.)7.4 Place the brush in contact with the specimen.7.5 Activate the machine so that the specimen is abraded 50complete cycles (50 forward and 50 back strokes) with thebrush travel parallel to the long axis of the specimen.7.6 Remove the specimen from the sample holder, andgently tap to
19、remove loose granules.7.7 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record themass.8. Calculation8.1 Determine the weight in grams of granules that aredisplaced in the abrasion test as follows:weight of displaced granules 5 A 2 B (1)where:A = weight of specimen before test, g, andB = weight of sp
20、ecimen after test, g.8.2 Average the specimen results to obtain a value for theweight of granules displaced from the sample during theabrasion test.9. Report9.1 Identify sample and report the average weight of gran-ules displaced from the sample, to the nearest 0.1 g.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Repea
21、tability and ReproducibilityFor materialsevaluated in the loss range of 0.22 to 0.51 g, the repeatabilitystandard deviation averaged 0.0556. The 95 % repeatabilityrange was 60.15 g (636 %) around the true average, 0.41 g.The reproducibility standard deviation averaged 0.1098. The95 % reproducibility
22、 range was 60.31 g (674 %).11. Keywords11.1 abrasion loss; asphalt shingles; granule adhesion; min-eral surfaced roofingFIG. 1 Granule Adhesion Test ApparatusD4977/D4977M 03 (2013)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
23、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi
24、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me
25、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
26、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Rub Test BrushD4977/D4977M 03 (2013)13
