1、Designation: D 4985 05Standard Specification forLow Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for HeavyDuty Engines Requiring a Pre-Charge of SupplementalCoolant Additive (SCA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4985; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the D
3、epartment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for lowsilicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for coolingsystems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at40 to 60 % concentration by volume in water, or whenprediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volum
4、e % mini-mum) are used without further dilution, they will functioneffectively to provide protection against corrosion, freezing toat least 37C (34F), and boiling to at least 108C (226F).NOTE 1This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-mance of engine coolants prepared from new or vi
5、rgin ingredients. Aseparate specification exists (D 6210) for heavy-duty engine coolantswhich may be prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant orreprocessed industrial-source ethylene glycol.1.2 Coolants meeting this specification require an initialcharge of a supplemental coolant additive
6、(SCA) and requireregular maintenance doses of an SCA to continue the protec-tion in certain operating heavy-duty engine cooling systems,particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design.TheSCAadditions are defined by and are the primary responsibilityof the engine manufacturer or vehicle
7、manufacturer. If theyprovide no instructions, follow the SCA suppliers recom-mended instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
8、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in WaterD 516
9、Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of EngineCoolants and AntirustsD 1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine CoolantsD 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of EngineCoolants and AntirustsD 1122 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofEngine C
10、oolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants by theHydrometerD 1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD 1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD 1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous EngineCoolantsD 1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants a
11、nd Anti-rustsD 1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD 1384 Test Method for CorrosionTest for Engine Coolantsin GlasswareD 1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of EngineCoolants in GlasswareD 1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System ChemicalSolutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive Vehicles1Th
12、is specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07 on Specifications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4985 03.
13、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
14、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1888 Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter,Solids, or Residue in WaterD 2570 Test Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Test-ing of Engine CoolantsD 2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of
15、 Aluminum Pumps With En-gine CoolantsD 3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD 3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in EngineCoolantsD 4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD 5827 Test Method for Determinatio
16、n of Chloride inEngine Coolant by Ion ChromatographyD 5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density MeterD 6129 Test Method for Silicon in Engine Coolant Concen-trates by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD 6130 Test Metho
17、d for the Determination of Silicon andOther Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD 6210 Specification for Fully Formulated Glycol BaseEngine Coolant for Heavy Duty EnginesD 6660 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Ethyl-ene Glycol Base Engine Cool
18、ants by Automatic PhaseTransition MethodE 394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the1,10-Phenanthroline MethodE 1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heavy duty enginea diesel, gasoline, or similarlyfueled
19、 internal combustion engine, having operating character-istics of a long duty cycle at or near maximum rated conditions.Such engines are typically used in off-highway machinery foragriculture, mining, earth-moving, and construction; Class 5 to8 over the road trucks and buses; high output stationary
20、engineinstallations; and locomotive and marine installations. (SeeSpecification D 3306 for coolant requirements for automobiles,vans, and pickup class trucks.)3.1.2 supplemental coolant additive (SCA)a materialadded to the cooling system of a heavy-duty engine to provideadditional cavitation protect
21、ion and corrosion inhibition and tominimize deposits on heat transfer surfaces.4. General Requirements4.1 Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrates orprediluted ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall beformulated with ethylene glycol meeting Specification E 1177,water, and shall contain s
22、uitable corrosion inhibitors, dye, anda foam suppressor. Other glycols, such as propylene anddiethylene, may be included in concentrates up to a maximumof 15 % (7.5 % for prediluted coolants) if the physical andchemical properties in Table 1 are met.4.2 All ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall
23、 conformto the general requirements in Table 2.4.3 Prediluted coolants shall be prepared using deionizedwater that meets the following requirements:Property Specific Values ASTM Test MethodChlorides, ppm (grains/gal) 25 (1.5) max D 512, D 4327Sulfate, ppm (grains/gal) 50 (3.0) max D 516, D 4327Hardn
24、ess, as CaCO3, ppm (grains/gal) 20 (1.2) max D 1126pH 5.5 to 8.5 D 1293Iron, ppm (grains/gal) 1.0 (0.06) max E 394NOTE 2Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to anengine cooling system with no further dilution.This practice minimizes the formation of hard water scaleand avoids the int
25、roduction of mineral components, such aschlorides and sulfates, which can increase the corrosion rate ofaluminum and iron. The use of Type IV reagent water alsominimizes interferences that may cause coolant instability orSCA compatibility problems.4.4 When diluting engine coolant concentrates for ac
26、tualservice, municipal (treated) or a low-mineral content wellwater should be used (see Appendix X1, Table X1.1).TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical RequirementsSpecific ValuesProperty Concentrate PrediluteASTM TestMethodRelative density, 15.5/15.5C(60/60F)1.110 to 1.145 1.065 min D 1122, D 5931Freezing p
27、oint, C (F): D 1177, D 666050 vol % in DI water 37 (34) maxUndiluted 37 (34) maxBoiling point,AC (F): D 1120Undiluted 163 (325) min 108 (226) min50 vol % in DI water 108 (226) minAsh content, mass % 5 max 2.5 max D 1119pH: D 128750 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11Undiluted 7.5 to 11Reserve alkalinity, mL
28、 reportBreportBD 1121Water, mass % 5 max not applicable D 1123Chloride ion, ppm 25 max 25 max D 3634,D 5827CSilicon, ppm 250 max 125 max D 6129, D 6130Effect on engine or vehicle finish no effect no effect D 1882DASome precipitate may be observed at the end of the test method. This shouldnot be caus
29、e for rejection.BValue as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.CIn case of dispute, D 3634 shall be the preferred test method.DCurrently, many heavy-duty engine manufacturers and vehicle manufacturersthat use these engines prepare test panels using the specific paint finishesemployed on
30、 their actual products. Coolant suppliers and equipment buildersshould agree on the exact test procedures and acceptance criteria on an individualcase basis.TABLE 2 General RequirementsProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodColor distinctive . . .Effect on nonmetals no adverse effect under conside
31、rationD49850524.5 Diluted coolant concentrates or prediluted coolants,when mixed with SCA in accordance with the engine manu-facturers recommendations and those on the product label,shall be suitable for use in a properly maintained coolingsystem in normal service for a minimum of one year (seeAppen
32、dix X1).5. Detailed Requirements5.1 Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrate shallconform to the physical and chemical requirements in Table 1and the performance requirements in Table 3.5.2 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolants(50 volume % minimum) shall conform to the physi
33、cal andchemical property requirements in Table 1. The requirementslisted in Table 1 for prediluted coolants are prescribed for thecoolant as packaged, without further dilution or adjustment.5.3 The freezing point of prediluted aqueous ethylene glycolbase engine coolants, as packaged, shall be 37C (3
34、4F) orlower.5.4 If necessary, adjust the freezing point of the predilutedaqueous coolant to 37C (34F) with deionized water beforeproceeding with performance testing.5.5 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolantsshall conform to the performance requirements prescribed inTable 3, after an
35、y needed concentration adjustment.6. Keywords6.1 coolant requiring SCA pre-charge; engine coolant; eth-ylene glycol; heavy duty engine coolant; heavy duty engineservice; low silicate engine coolant; predilutedTABLE 3 Performance RequirementsAPropertySpecificValuesASTMTestMethodTest SolutionConcentra
36、tion,vol % GlycolCorrosion in glassware D 1384B33Weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 10 maxsolder 30 maxbrass 10 maxsteel 10 maxcast iron 10 maxaluminum 30 maxSimulated service test D 2570C44weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 20 maxsolder 60 maxbrass 20 maxsteel 20 maxcast iron 20 maxaluminum 60 maxFoaming
37、: D 1881D33Volume, mL 150 maxBreak time, s 5 maxCavitation-Erosion 8 min D 2809E17Rating for pitting, cavitation, anderosion of the water pumpAFor engine coolant concentrates, test solutions shall be prepared in accor-dance with the directions provided in the individual ASTM test methods. Forpredilu
38、ted engine coolants, prepare the test solutions using the directions providedin Footnotes B through E.BFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 99 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 mg
39、of sodium chloride, and 92 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.CFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 88 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 12 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 83 mg of sodium sulfate, 92 mg of sodium chloride, and 7
40、7 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.DFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type II reagentwater.EFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 33 volume % of theadjust
41、ed (see 4.5) prediluted product with 67 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 123 mg of sodium sulfate, 137 mg of sodium chloride, and 115 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.D4985053APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COOLANT MAINTENANCE FOR HEAVY DUTY ENGINESX1.1 Engine CoolantC
42、ooling system fill for a heavy-dutyengine consists either of water, coolant concentrate (antifreeze)and supplemental coolant additive (SCA), or prediluted enginecoolant and SCA.X1.1.1 Water:X1.1.1.1 Water quality affects the efficiency of coolantadditives. When untreated, all water is corrosive. Wat
43、er havinga high mineral content or corrosive materials is unfit forcooling system use.X1.1.1.2 When preparing solutions for actual service, thewater should be of such quality that it does not containexcessive solids, hardness, salts, sulfates, or chlorides. Contactyour local water department, respon
44、sible government agency,or submit a water sample for analysis if there is any questionabout water quality. Follow the specific water quality recom-mendations of the engine or vehicle manufacturer or respon-sible servicing organization. In the absence of such recommen-dations, see Table X1.1.X1.1.2 C
45、oolant ConcentrateEthylene glycol-base con-centrate meeting this specification is recommended for freeze,boil-over, and corrosion protection. Maintain coolant concen-trate (anti-freeze) concentration between 40 % (freeze protec-tion to 24C (12F) and 60 % (freeze protection to 52C(62F), depending on
46、operating environment.X1.1.3 Prediluted Engine CoolantPrediluted ethyleneglycol base coolant (50 volume % antifreeze minimum)meeting this specification is recommended for freeze, boil-over, and corrosion protection. This product, as packaged, willprovide freeze protection to 37C (34F). Further dilut
47、ion isnot recommended. However, if circumstances require additionand prediluted aqueous engine coolant is not available, use anethylene glycol base coolant concentrate diluted to 50 volume% with water of at least the quality outlined in Table X1.1X1.1.4 Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)The SCAsare
48、 used to provide additional protection against deposits,corrosion, and pitting which may not be provided by theadditives in coolant concentrates or prediluted engine coolants.The SCAs also extend the life of the coolant by adding to andreplenishing the additives that deplete during normal operation.
49、SCAs, however, do not extend the freeze protection providedby the coolant concentrate or the prediluted coolant.X1.1.5 Nonvirgin Coolants:X1.1.5.1 Current coolant product specifications are basedon performance experience developed when these products areprepared from new or virgin ingredients. Therefore, thisspecification does not take into account the effect(s), if any, ofany elements or chemical compounds that may have beenadded or may be residual, if the coolant product is preparedfrom recycled or reprocessed used coolant, or reproce
