1、Designation: D 4985 09Standard Specification forLow Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for HeavyDuty Engines Requiring a Pre-Charge of SupplementalCoolant Additive (SCA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4985; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the De
3、partment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for lowsilicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for coolingsystems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at40 to 60 % concentration by volume in water, or whenprediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volum
4、e % mini-mum) are used without further dilution, they will functioneffectively to provide protection against corrosion, freezing toat least 36.4C (33.5F), and boiling to at least 108C(226F).NOTE 1This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-mance of engine coolants prepared from new or
5、 virgin ingredients. Aseparate specification exists (D 6210) for heavy-duty engine coolantswhich may be prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant orreprocessed industrial-source ethylene glycol.1.2 Coolants meeting this specification require an initialcharge of a supplemental coolant additi
6、ve (SCA) and requireregular maintenance doses of an SCA to continue the protec-tion in certain operating heavy-duty engine cooling systems,particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design.TheSCAadditions are defined by and are the primary responsibilityof the engine manufacturer or vehic
7、le manufacturer. If theyprovide no instructions, follow the SCA suppliers recom-mended instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
8、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 5
9、16 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of EngineCoolantsD 1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine CoolantsD 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of EngineCoolants and AntirustsD 1122 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Conce
10、ntrates and Engine Coolants By TheHydrometerD 1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD 1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD 1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous EngineCoolantsD 1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Anti-rust
11、sD 1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD 1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolantsin GlasswareD 1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of EngineCoolants in GlasswareD 1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System ChemicalSolutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive VehiclesD 1888 Method
12、ofTest for Particulate and Dissolved Matterin Water3D 2570 Test Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Test-ing of Engine Coolants1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07 on Specifications.Current edi
13、tion approved March 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 4985 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
14、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
15、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-gine CoolantsD 3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD 3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in En
16、gineCoolantsD 4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD 4725 Terminology for Engine CoolantsD 5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant forChloride and Other Anions by Ion ChromatographyD 5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofEngine Coolant
17、Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density MeterD 6129 Test Method for Silicon in Engine Coolant Concen-trates by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD 6130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and OtherElements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission Spectrosc
18、opyD 6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol BaseEngine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD 6660 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Ethyl-ene Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic PhaseTransition MethodE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with S
19、pecificationsE 394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the1,10-Phenanthroline MethodE 1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heavy duty enginea diesel, gasoline, or similarlyfueled internal combustion engine
20、, having operating character-istics of a long duty cycle at or near maximum rated conditions.Such engines are typically used in off-highway machinery foragriculture, mining, earth-moving, and construction; Class 5 to8 over the road trucks and buses; high output stationary engineinstallations; and lo
21、comotive and marine installations. (SeeSpecification D 3306 for coolant requirements for automobiles,vans, and pickup class trucks.)3.1.2 supplemental coolant additive (SCA)a materialadded to the cooling system of a heavy-duty engine to provideadditional cavitation protection and corrosion inhibitio
22、n and tominimize deposits on heat transfer surfaces.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 other glycols, nin ethylene glycol base enginecoolant, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropyleneglycol, and 1,3-propanediol.3.2.2 For definitions of other te
23、rms used in this specifica-tion, refer to Terminology D 4725.4. General Requirements4.1 Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrates orprediluted ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall beformulated with ethylene glycol meeting Specification E 1177,water, and shall contain suitable corrosion
24、inhibitors, dye, anda foam suppressor. Other glycols, such as propylene anddiethylene, may be included in concentrates up to a maximumof 15 % (7.5 % for prediluted coolants) if the physical andchemical properties in Table 1 are met.4.2 All ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall conformto the gen
25、eral requirements in Table 2.TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical RequirementsSpecific ValuesProperty Concentrate PrediluteASTM TestMethodRelative density, 15.5/15.5C(60/60F)1.110 to 1.145 1.065 min D 1122, D 5931Freezing point,AC (F): D 1177, D 666050 vol % in DI water 36.4 (33.5)maxUndiluted 36.4 (33.5)m
26、axBoiling point,BC (F): D 1120Undiluted 163 (325) min 108 (226) min50 vol % in DI water 108 (226) minAsh content, mass % 5 max 2.5 max D 1119pH: D 128750 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11Undiluted 7.5 to 11Reserve alkalinity, mL reportCreportCD 1121Water, mass % 5 max not applicable D 1123Chloride ion, g/
27、g 25 max 25 max D 3634,D 5827DSilicon, g/g 250 max 125 max D 6129, D 6130Effect on engine or vehicle finish no effect no effect D 1882EAFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpress
28、ing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method ofPractice E29.BSome precipitate may be observed at the end of the test method. This shouldnot be cause for rejection.CValue as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.DIn case of dispute, D 3634 shall be the preferred tes
29、t method.ECurrently, many heavy-duty engine manufacturers and vehicle manufacturersthat use these engines prepare test panels using the specific paint finishesemployed on their actual products. Coolant suppliers and equipment buildersshould agree on the exact test procedures and acceptance criteria
30、on an individualcase basis.D49850924.3 Prediluted coolants shall be prepared using deionizedwater that meets the following requirements:Property Specific Values ASTM Test MethodChlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 25 (1.5) max D 5827, D 512, D 4327Sulfate, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 50 (3.0) max D 5827, D 51
31、6, D 4327Hardness, as CaCO3,g/g (ppm (grains/gal)20 (1.2) max D 6130, D 1126pH 5.5 to 8.5 D 1287, D 1293Iron, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 1.0 (0.06) max D 6130, E 394NOTE 2Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to anengine cooling system with no further dilution.This practice minimizes the f
32、ormation of hard water scaleand avoids the introduction of mineral components, such aschlorides and sulfates, which can increase the corrosion rate ofaluminum and iron. The use of Type IV reagent water alsominimizes interferences that may cause coolant instability orSCA compatibility problems.4.4 Wh
33、en diluting engine coolant concentrates for actualservice, municipal (treated) or a low-mineral content wellwater should be used (see Appendix X1, Table X1.1).4.5 Diluted coolant concentrates or prediluted coolants,when mixed with SCA in accordance with the engine manu-facturers recommendations and
34、those on the product label,shall be suitable for use in a properly maintained coolingsystem in normal service for a minimum of one year (seeAppendix X1).5. Detailed Requirements5.1 Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrate shallconform to the physical and chemical requirements in Table 1and th
35、e performance requirements in Table 3.5.2 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolants(50 volume % minimum) shall conform to the physical andchemical property requirements in Table 1. The requirementslisted in Table 1 for prediluted coolants are prescribed for thecoolant as packaged, with
36、out further dilution or adjustment.5.3 The freezing point of prediluted aqueous ethylene glycolbase engine coolants, as packaged, shall be 36.4C (33.5F)or lower.5.4 If necessary, adjust the freezing point of the predilutedaqueous coolant to 36.4C (33.5F) with deionized waterbefore proceeding with pe
37、rformance testing.5.5 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolantsshall conform to the performance requirements prescribed inTable 3, after any needed concentration adjustment.6. Keywords6.1 coolant requiring SCA pre-charge; engine coolant; eth-ylene glycol; heavy duty engine coolant; hea
38、vy duty engineservice; low silicate engine coolant; predilutedTABLE 2 General RequirementsProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodColor distinctive . . .Effect on nonmetals no adverse effect under considerationTABLE 3 Performance RequirementsAPropertySpecificValuesASTMTestMethodTest SolutionConcent
39、ration,vol % GlycolCorrosion in glassware D 1384B33Weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 10 maxsolder 30 maxbrass 10 maxsteel 10 maxcast iron 10 maxaluminum 30 maxSimulated service test D 2570C44weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 20 maxsolder 60 maxbrass 20 maxsteel 20 maxcast iron 20 maxaluminum 60 maxFoami
40、ng: D 1881D33Volume, mL 150 maxBreak time, s 5 maxCavitation-Erosion 8 min D 2809E17Rating for pitting, cavitation, anderosion of the water pumpAFor engine coolant concentrates, test solutions shall be prepared in accor-dance with the directions provided in the individual ASTM test methods. Forpredi
41、luted engine coolants, prepare the test solutions using the directions providedin Footnotes B through E.BFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 99 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 m
42、g of sodium chloride, and 92 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.CFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 88 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 12 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 83 mg of sodium sulfate, 92 mg of sodium chloride, and
43、 77 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.DFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type II reagentwater.EFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 33 volume % of theadju
44、sted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 67 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 123 mg of sodium sulfate, 137 mg of sodium chloride, and 115 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.D4985093APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COOLANT MAINTENANCE FOR HEAVY DUTY ENGINESX1.1 Engine Coolan
45、tCooling system fill for a heavy-dutyengine consists either of water, coolant concentrate (antifreeze)and supplemental coolant additive (SCA), or prediluted enginecoolant and SCA.X1.1.1 Water:X1.1.1.1 Water quality affects the efficiency of coolantadditives. When untreated, all water is corrosive. W
46、ater havinga high mineral content or corrosive materials is unfit forcooling system use.X1.1.1.2 When preparing solutions for actual service, thewater should be of such quality that it does not containexcessive solids, hardness, salts, sulfates, or chlorides. Contactyour local water department, resp
47、onsible government agency,or submit a water sample for analysis if there is any questionabout water quality. Follow the specific water quality recom-mendations of the engine or vehicle manufacturer or respon-sible servicing organization. In the absence of such recommen-dations, see Table X1.1.X1.1.2
48、 Coolant ConcentrateEthylene glycol-base con-centrate meeting this specification is recommended for freeze,boil-over, and corrosion protection. Maintain coolant concen-trate (anti-freeze) concentration between 40 % (freeze protec-tion to 24.4C (12.0F) and 60 % (freeze protection to52.2C (62.0F), dep
49、ending on operating environment.X1.1.3 Prediluted Engine CoolantPrediluted ethyleneglycol base coolant (50 volume % antifreeze minimum)meeting this specification is recommended for freeze, boil-over, and corrosion protection. This product, as packaged, willprovide freeze protection to 36.4C (33.5F). Further dilu-tion is not recommended. However, if circumstances requireaddition and prediluted aqueous engine coolant is not avail-able, use an ethylene glycol base coolant concentrate diluted to50 volume % with water of at least
