1、Designation: D4985 10Standard Specification forLow Silicate Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolant for HeavyDuty Engines Requiring a Pre-Charge of SupplementalCoolant Additive (SCA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depa
3、rtment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for lowsilicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for coolingsystems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at40 to 60 % concentration by volume in water, or whenprediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume
4、% mini-mum) are used without further dilution, they will functioneffectively to provide protection against corrosion, freezing toat least 36.4C (33.5F), and boiling to at least 108C(226F).NOTE 1This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-mance of engine coolants prepared from new or v
5、irgin ingredients. Aseparate specification exists (D6210) for heavy-duty engine coolantswhich may be prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant orreprocessed industrial-source ethylene glycol.1.2 Coolants meeting this specification require an initialcharge of a supplemental coolant additive
6、(SCA) and requireregular maintenance doses of an SCA to continue the protec-tion in certain operating heavy-duty engine cooling systems,particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design.TheSCAadditions are defined by and are the primary responsibilityof the engine manufacturer or vehicle
7、manufacturer. If theyprovide no instructions, follow the SCA suppliers recom-mended instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
8、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD516 Te
9、st Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of EngineCoolantsD1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine CoolantsD1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Cool-ants and AntirustsD1122 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates
10、 and Engine Coolants By TheHydrometerD1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous EngineCoolantsD1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Anti-rustsD1293 Test
11、 Methods for pH of WaterD1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolantsin GlasswareD1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of EngineCoolants in GlasswareD1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System ChemicalSolutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive VehiclesD2570 Test Method for Simulat
12、ed Service Corrosion Test-ing of Engine CoolantsD2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-gine CoolantsD3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty Service1This specification is under the jurisdiction
13、 ofASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07 on Specifications.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4985 09. DOI:10.1520/D4985-10.2For referenced ASTM stan
14、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in EngineCoolantsD4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD4725 Terminology for Engine CoolantsD5827 Test Method for Analysis
16、 of Engine Coolant forChloride and Other Anions by Ion ChromatographyD5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density MeterD6129 Test Method for Silicon in Engine Coolant Concen-trates by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD6
17、130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and OtherElements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD6660 Test Method for Freezing Point ofAqueous EthyleneGlycol Base Engi
18、ne Coolants by Automatic Phase Transi-tion MethodE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the1,10-Phenanthroline MethodE1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol2.2 Other Documents:F
19、ederal Method 2540B Total Dissolved Solids Dried at103105C33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heavy duty enginea diesel, gasoline, or similarlyfueled internal combustion engine, having operating character-istics of a long duty cycle at or near maximum rated condit
20、ions.Such engines are typically used in off-highway machinery foragriculture, mining, earth-moving, and construction; Class 5 to8 over the road trucks and buses; high output stationary engineinstallations; and locomotive and marine installations. (SeeSpecification D3306 for coolant requirements for
21、automobiles,vans, and pickup class trucks.)3.1.2 supplemental coolant additive (SCA)a materialadded to the cooling system of a heavy-duty engine to provideadditional cavitation protection and corrosion inhibition and tominimize deposits on heat transfer surfaces.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 other glycols,
22、nin ethylene glycol base enginecoolant, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropyleneglycol, and 1,3-propanediol.3.2.2 For definitions of other terms used in this specifica-tion, refer to Terminology D4725.4. General Requirements4.1 Et
23、hylene glycol base engine coolant concentrates orprediluted ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall beformulated with ethylene glycol meeting Specification E1177,water, and shall contain suitable corrosion inhibitors, dye, anda foam suppressor. Other glycols, such as propylene anddiethylene, may
24、be included in concentrates up to a maximumof 15 % (7.5 % for prediluted coolants) if the physical andchemical properties in Table 1 are met.4.2 All ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall conformto the general requirements in Table 2.3Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
25、AmericanPublic Health Association, et al, 1015 15th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005.TABLE 1 Physical and Chemical RequirementsSpecific ValuesProperty Concentrate PrediluteASTM TestMethodRelative density, 15.5/15.5C(60/60F)1.110 to 1.145 1.065 min D1122, D5931Freezing point,AC (F): D1177, D666050 v
26、ol % in DI water 36.4 (33.5)maxUndiluted 36.4 (33.5)maxBoiling point,BC (F): D1120Undiluted 163 (325) min 108 (226) min50 vol % in DI water 108 (226) minAsh content, mass % 5 max 2.5 max D1119pH: D128750 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11Undiluted 7.5 to 11Reserve alkalinity, mL reportCreportCD1121Water, m
27、ass % 5 max not applicable D1123Chloride ion, g/g 25 max 25 max D3634, D5827DSilicon, g/g 250 max 125 max D6129, D6130Effect on engine or vehicle finish no effect no effect D1882EAFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit”
28、 in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method ofPractice E29.BSome precipitate may be observed at the end of the test method. This shouldnot be cause for rejection.CValue as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.DIn case o
29、f dispute, D3634 shall be the preferred test method.ECurrently, many heavy-duty engine manufacturers and vehicle manufacturersthat use these engines prepare test panels using the specific paint finishesemployed on their actual products. Coolant suppliers and equipment buildersshould agree on the exa
30、ct test procedures and acceptance criteria on an individualcase basis.D4985 1024.3 Prediluted coolants shall be prepared using deionizedwater that meets the following requirements:Property Specific Values ASTM Test MethodChlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 25 (1.5) max D5827, D512, D4327Sulfate, g/g (p
31、pm (grains/gal) 50 (3.0) max D5827, D516, D4327Hardness, as CaCO3,g/g (ppm (grains/gal)20 (1.2) max D6130, D1126pH 5.5 to 8.5 D1287, D1293Iron, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 1.0 (0.06) max D6130, E394NOTE 2Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to anengine cooling system with no further diluti
32、on.This practice minimizes the formation of hard water scaleand avoids the introduction of mineral components, such aschlorides and sulfates, which can increase the corrosion rate ofaluminum and iron. The use of Type IV reagent water alsominimizes interferences that may cause coolant instability orS
33、CA compatibility problems.4.4 When diluting engine coolant concentrates for actualservice, municipal (treated) or a low-mineral content wellwater should be used (see Appendix X1, Table X1.1).4.5 Diluted coolant concentrates or prediluted coolants,when mixed with SCA in accordance with the engine man
34、u-facturers recommendations and those on the product label,shall be suitable for use in a properly maintained coolingsystem in normal service for a minimum of one year (seeAppendix X1).5. Detailed Requirements5.1 Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrate shallconform to the physical and chemic
35、al requirements in Table 1and the performance requirements in Table 3.5.2 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolants(50 volume % minimum) shall conform to the physical andchemical property requirements in Table 1. The requirementslisted in Table 1 for prediluted coolants are prescribed
36、for thecoolant as packaged, without further dilution or adjustment.5.3 The freezing point of prediluted aqueous ethylene glycolbase engine coolants, as packaged, shall be 36.4C (33.5F)or lower.5.4 If necessary, adjust the freezing point of the predilutedaqueous coolant to 36.4C (33.5F) with deionize
37、d waterbefore proceeding with performance testing.5.5 Prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol base engine coolantsshall conform to the performance requirements prescribed inTable 3, after any needed concentration adjustment.6. Keywords6.1 coolant requiring SCA pre-charge; engine coolant; eth-ylene glycol
38、; heavy duty engine coolant; heavy duty engineservice; low silicate engine coolant; predilutedTABLE 2 General RequirementsProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodColor distinctive . . .Effect on nonmetals no adverse effect under considerationTABLE 3 Performance RequirementsAPropertySpecificValuesAS
39、TMTestMethodTest SolutionConcentration,vol % GlycolCorrosion in glassware D1384B33Weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 10 maxsolder 30 maxbrass 10 maxsteel 10 maxcast iron 10 maxaluminum 30 maxSimulated service test D2570C44weight loss, mg/specimen:copper 20 maxsolder 60 maxbrass 20 maxsteel 20 maxcast i
40、ron 20 maxaluminum 60 maxFoaming: D1881D33Volume, mL 150 maxBreak time, s 5 maxCavitation-Erosion 8 min D2809E17Rating for pitting, cavitation, anderosion of the water pumpAFor engine coolant concentrates, test solutions shall be prepared in accor-dance with the directions provided in the individual
41、 ASTM test methods. Forprediluted engine coolants, prepare the test solutions using the directions providedin Footnotes B through E.BFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 99
42、 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 mg of sodium chloride, and 92 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.CFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 88 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 12 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 83 mg of sodium sulfate, 9
43、2 mg of sodium chloride, and 77 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.DFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type II reagentwater.EFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by m
44、ixing 33 volume % of theadjusted (see 4.5) prediluted product with 67 volume % ASTM Type IV reagentwater. Add 123 mg of sodium sulfate, 137 mg of sodium chloride, and 115 mg ofsodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.D4985 103APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COOLANT MAINTENANCE FOR HEAVY D
45、UTY ENGINESX1.1 Engine CoolantCooling system fill for a heavy-dutyengine consists either of water, coolant concentrate (antifreeze)and supplemental coolant additive (SCA), or prediluted enginecoolant and SCA.X1.1.1 Water:X1.1.1.1 Water quality affects the efficiency of coolantadditives. When untreat
46、ed, all water is corrosive. Water havinga high mineral content or corrosive materials is unfit forcooling system use.X1.1.1.2 When preparing solutions for actual service, thewater should be of such quality that it does not containexcessive solids, hardness, salts, sulfates, or chlorides. Contactyour
47、 local water department, responsible government agency,or submit a water sample for analysis if there is any questionabout water quality. Follow the specific water quality recom-mendations of the engine or vehicle manufacturer or respon-sible servicing organization. In the absence of such recommen-d
48、ations, see Table X1.1.X1.1.2 Coolant ConcentrateEthylene glycol-base con-centrate meeting this specification is recommended for freeze,boil-over, and corrosion protection. Maintain coolant concen-trate (anti-freeze) concentration between 40 % (freeze protec-tion to 24.4C (12.0F) and 60 % (freeze pr
49、otection to52.2C (62.0F), depending on operating environment.X1.1.3 Prediluted Engine CoolantPrediluted ethyleneglycol base coolant (50 volume % antifreeze minimum)meeting this specification is recommended for freeze, boil-over, and corrosion protection. This product, as packaged, willprovide freeze protection to 36.4C (33.5F). Further dilu-tion is not recommended. However, if circumstances requireaddition and prediluted aqueous engine coolant is not avail-able, use an ethylene glycol base coolant concentrate diluted to5
