1、Designation: D 4989 90a (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using theParallel Plate Plastometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparentviscosity of roofing bitumen b
3、y means of a parallel plateplastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity rangefrom 102to 109Pas (103to 1010poises). See Note 1.NOTE 1This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity usespre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens arenon-Newtonian, othe
4、r viscosity test methods may give different results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
5、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD 312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
6、D 450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,Dampproofing and WaterproofingD 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by VacuumCapillary ViscometerD 3205 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalt with Cone andPlate Viscometer33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee definitions of viscosity given in
7、TestMethods D 2171 and D 3205.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specified dimen-sions, heated to the selected temperature, placed between theplates of the pre-heated apparatus and pressed under standardconditions for a measured time. The apparent viscosity iscalculated
8、 from the final diameter of the pressed specimen disc.5. Apparatus5.1 Parallel Plate PlastometerA modified form of Will-iams plastometer as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Mass of PlatenA is 5000 6 50 g (11.02 6 0.11 lb).5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6 0.01mm (1.0000 6 0.0025 in.) and
9、 a height of 12.70 6 0.01 mm(0.5000 6 0.0025 in.) cut from copper or brass tubing.5.3 Constant Temperature Oven, capable of maintaining testtemperature within 60.1C (60.2F).5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimetres over at least 150mm (6 in.) and accurate to 60.5 mm (60.02 in.).6. Sampling6.1 Sam
10、ple the material to be tested in accordance withPractice D 140.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture oftalc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces ofeach mold by brushing or applying the paste with a finger tip.Place the rings on a brass or aluminum
11、plate coated with therelease agent.7.2 Bring the sample to pouring temperature by heating inan oven for not more than 30 min. Heat the sample with careto prevent local overheating, stirring until it has becomesufficiently fluid to pour readily. Avoid incorporating airbubbles in the sample. Pour the
12、heated sample into the ringmolds until a slight overflow is achieved. Allow to cool at roomtemperature overnight, and then cut the excess material offcleanly with a slightly heated knife or spatula. Trim the excessmaterial off not more than 1 h before testing.7.3 Just prior to testing, carefully rem
13、ove each specimenfrom its mold by holding it under a stream of cool tap waterand pressing the specimen from the ring with the fingers. Wash1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 onSurfacing
14、 and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-upRoofing.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4989 90a (1999)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
15、 ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the release ag
16、ent from all surfaces of the specimen in the coolwater and gently blot dry with a paper towel.7.4 Place the dry specimen between two sheets of thinplastic film (see Note 2), approximately 100 by 100 mm (4 by4 in.).NOTE 2Cellophane and polyethylene films, approximately 0.01 mm(2.5 mil) thick, are sat
17、isfactory. Do not use TFE-fluorocarbon or nylon, orhave any lubricant present, as these will alter the results by allowing thebitumen to slip at the film interface.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and place inan oven at the test temperature overnight prior to the test. Place
18、the prepared test specimen sandwich between the open platensA2 and B as shown in Fig. 3, and allow the entire assembly tostand for 10 min in the oven to bring the specimen to the testtemperature.8.2 After reaching the test temperature, lower the upperplaten into contact with the specimen and start t
19、iming the test.Leave the load on the specimen for the desired time interval(see Table 1 for suggested intervals), depending on the bitumentype and the test temperature used. The final diameter shouldbe at least 60 mm (2.4 in.).8.3 At the end of the test period, lift the upper platenimmediately and r
20、emove the specimen sandwich from theapparatus and the oven. Allow the specimen to cool on a flatsurface for at least 30 min.8.4 Measure the final diameter of the specimen disc at fivelocations chosen at random and record to the nearest 0.5 mm.Record the test temperature to the nearest 0.1C (0.2F), a
21、ndthe time under load in minutes.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the average final diameter of the specimendisc from the five measurements recorded.9.2 Calculate the average apparent viscosity as follows:Pas 53.60 3 1018td!8;Sviscosity, cps 52.08 3 1010td8 D(1)where:t = time interval of the test in minu
22、tes, andd = final average diameter of the specimen in inches(millimetres) (see Note 3).NOTE 3National Institute of Standards and Technology, NBS Report10950, Appendix B,4and Dienes and Klemm, Journal of AppliedPhysics.510. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Complete sample iden
23、tification,10.1.2 Test temperature,10.1.3 Conditioning time, and10.1.4 Parallel-plate viscosity, in centipoises (Pascalseconds).11. Precision and Bias11.1 Preliminary data show the following criteria shall beused for judging the acceptability of results (95 % probability).Additional round robin data
24、 may alter these values. Theprecision for Type III bitumens has not been established.11.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor using the same apparatus shall not be considered suspectunless they differ by more than 5 % of their mean.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by ea
25、ch oftwo laboratories shall not be considered suspect unless the tworesults differ by more than 20 % of their mean.12. Keywords12.1 apparent viscosity; bitumen; flow; parallel plate; plas-tometer; viscosity4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 346
26、0, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.5Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 17, p. 458, 1946.FIG. 1 Plastometer With Platens in Open and Closed PositionsD 4989 90a (2004)2NOTE 1A1, A2, B 19-mm (34 in.) cold rolled steel plate, standard finish.FIG. 2 Plastometer DetailsD 4989 90a (2004)3ASTM International takes
27、no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respo
28、nsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed
29、 to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the a
30、ddress shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone
31、), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 3 Specimen Between Sheets of Cellophane, Placed inPlastometer Before Lowering Weight for Start of TestTABLE 1 Approximate Test Time Intervals for Various Bitumen TypesBitumen Type Softening Point C (F)
32、Viscosity Range, Pascals, and Approximate Length of Test at Temperature Indicated25C (77F) 40C (104F) 60C (140F)1A57 to 66 (135 to 150) (1 to 5) 3 107(1 to 5) 3 105(1 to 5) 3 103(20 h) (10 min) (10 s)2A71 to 79 (160 to 175) (1 to 5) 3 108(1 to 5) 3 106(1 to 5) 3 104(3 days) (1 h) (1 min)3A82 to 93 (
33、180 to 200) (1 to 5) 3 109(5 to 10) 3 107(5 to 10) 3 105(1 week) (20 h) (15 min)4A96 to 107 (205 to 225) (1 to 5) 3 1010(1 to 5) 3 109(1 to 5) 3 107(2 months) (1 week) (20 h)PitchB54 to 62 (129 to 144) (1 to 5) 3 109(1 to 5) 3 106(1 to 5) 3 104(1 week) (1 h) (1 min)AAsphalt type as described in Specification D 312.BCoal-tar pitch as described in Specification D 450.D 4989 90a (2004)4
