1、Designation: D4998 11D4998 13Standard Test Method forEvaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids
3、but may besuitable for other applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityo
4、f the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petrole
5、um Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D329 Specification for AcetoneD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN):3DIN 17210 Part 1: Tolerances for Spu
6、r Gears; Tolerances for the Deviation of Singly Determined ValuesDIN 3962 Casehardened Steel; Material SpecificationsDIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion Table for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness andTensile StrengthDIN 51354 Mechanical Testing of Gear Oils in th
7、e FZG Gear Test Machine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasive wear, nwear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D41753.1.2 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in th
8、edirection of sliding. D41753.1.3 scratches, nthe result of mechanical removal or displacement, or both, of material from a surface by the action ofabrasive particles or protuberances sliding across the surfaces. D41753.1.4 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding b
9、etween surfaces in relative motion thatdoes not result in immobilization of the parts. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 wear, nthe loss of material from contacting surfaces of the gear teeth.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A modified FZG gear oil test machine is operated fo
10、r 20 h under controlled conditions of speed (100 r/min), loadtorque(tenth stage), and temperature (121 C). Test gears are lubricated with the test oil.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
11、tee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants fluid; FZG; gear systems; hydraulic fluid; lubricants; petroleum and petroleum products;transmission fluid and gear oil; wear and wear life of lubricantsANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. FZG GEAR OIL TEST MACHINE INFORMATIONA1.1 Ordering InformationThe FZG
12、test machine maycan be ordered.5A1.1.1 Description (from DIN 51354):A1.1.1.1 FZG test machine, andA1.1.1.2 FZG gears (tooth Profile A, with faint Maag finish).A1.2 Modification to the FZG Test MachineA lowspeedlow-speed drive mustshall be added to provide an input shaft speed of(100 6 3) r/min. The
13、low speed 3) r/min. The low-speed drive can be obtained by adding a variable-frequency speed controllerto the standard FZG 5.4 kW 5.4 kW motor or a suitable speed reducer. The drive mustshall provide a smooth and constant rotation.A Install a suitable flexible coupling must be installed between the
14、drive and the FZG test machine. See Table A1.1.D4998 134A2. DIAGRAM OF FZG GEAR OIL TEST MACHINE4.A3. DIAGRAM OF FZG GEAR OIL TEST MACHINE4.TABLE A1.1 Design Data of the Test Gears Tooth Profile “A”Nomenclature DimensionalValue UnitCenter distance 91.5 mmEffective face width 20 mmDiameter of pitch c
15、irclepinion 73.2 mmwheel 109.8 mmDiameter of tip circlepinion 88.7 mmwheel 112.5 mmPitch 4.575 mmNumber of teethpinion 16 .wheel 24 .Profile displacementpinion 0.8635 .wheel 0.5 .Pressure angle 20 degreesWorking pressure angle 22.5 degreesCircumferential speed at pitch circle (at 100 r/min) 0.383 m/
16、sLength of tip contactpinion 14.7 mmwheel 3.3 mmMaximum sliding speedpinion 0.257 m/swheel 0.061 m/sHertzian stress at tooth tip (under test conditions oftenth stage load and 100 r/min)pinion 199.9 kgf/mm2wheel 166.3 kgf/mm2FIG. A2.1 FZG Gear Oil Test MachineD4998 135A4. MANUFACTURING DATA FOR THE T
17、EST GEARS, TOOTH PROFILE “A”A4.1 Material :A4.1.1 20 MnCr 5 according to DIN 17210, however, with a Brinell hardness HB 30 from (3.295 to 3.726) kPa after blankhardening of a 10 mm disk (that corresponds, according to DIN 50150, to a tensile strength of (1.127 to 1.274) kPa).A4.1.2 For reasons of st
18、rength, the negatively corrected wheels (z = 24) are to be die-forged, whereas the pinions can bemanufactured from rolled bar stock.A4.2 Heat Treatment:A4.2.1 The test gears are to be case-hardened to a case depth of (0.6 to 0.8) mm, the Vickers hardness HV 10 to be 4.903 kPa.Even at the tooth tips,
19、 the case shall not show any evidence of supercarbonization in form of free cementite.Aboundary formationfree of austenite is to be obtained by double hardening.A4.2.2 Surface hardness after annealing is as follows: 60 to 62 HRC.A4.2.3 Tensile strength of the core, determined from Brinell hardness a
20、ccording to DIN 50150 is as follows: (0.980 to 1.225) kPa.A4.3 Gearing Quality:A4.3.1 Grade 5 according to DIN 3962, sheet 4.A4.3.2 Mean roughness index, Ra is as follows: (0.4 to 0.6) m.0.6) m.A4.4 GrindingMaag cross-grinding, 154 rolling motions per minute.A4.5 Tooth CorrectionWithout tip and root
21、 recess, with lateral crown.FIG. A3.1 Diagram of FZG Gear Oil Test MachineD4998 136A5. PENTANE REQUIREMENTSA5.1 The requirements for pentane are listed in Table A5.1.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLE DATA SHEETPRETEST GEAR CONDITIONPinion _Gear _PRETEST GEAR WEIGHT,MASS, mgPinion _Gear _T
22、otal (TWTMi) _POST-TEST GEAR WEIGHT,MASS, mgPinion _Gear _Total (TWTMf) _CALCULATION OF TOTAL WEIGHTMASS CHANGE (TWC)(TMC)(TWTMi) (TWTMf) = TWCTMC_ _ = mgPOST-TEST GEAR APPEARANCE Pinion GearFor each gear, record the number ofteeth that exhibit the following:Original Grinding Marks _ _Scratches _ _S
23、coring _ _Scuffing _ _Total 16 24Note other surface defects, if any:SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.B0D02.B0.03 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the lastissue (D499895(2003)D4998 11 1) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Updated units of measurement,
24、 footnotes, terminology, supplier information, and the standards title.Only editorial changeswere made, applying Form and Style (including SI 10) guidelines.(2) Removed obsolete references.TABLE A5.1 Requirements of PentaneDistillationInitial boiling point, C, min 33.3Dry point, C, max 40.5Olefins n
25、oneIsopentane, %, max 20n-Pentane, %, min 80Reid Vapor Pressure, kPa, max, (Test Method D323) 17D4998 137ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
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29、nts (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4998 138
