1、Designation: D 5001 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by theBall-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspe
3、ctsof the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuelson rubbing steel surfaces.1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, oneusing a semi-automated instrument and the second a fullyautomated instrument. Either of the two instruments may beused to carry out the test.1.2 The val
4、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5、health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improve-ment of Expected Agreem
6、ent Between Two Test Methodsthat Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material2.2 Military Specification:3MIL-I-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, FuelSoluble2.3 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:4AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel2.4 American National Standards Institute St
7、andard:5ANSI B3.12 Metal Balls2.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:6SAE 8720 Steel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricityqualitative term describing the ability of afluid to minimize friction between, and damage to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test m
8、ethod, the lubricity of afluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, in millimeters,produced on a loaded stationary ball from contact with afluid-wetted rotating cylindrical test ring operating underclosely defined and controlled conditions.3.1.2 wear scarin the liquid fuels industry, average diam-ete
9、r of a worn and abraded area, measured in two specifieddirections, produced on a test ball under defined conditions.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe wear scar generated by TestMethod D 5001 is often referred to as the BOCLE wear scar.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 BOCLEBall On Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator3.2.2 HRCRoc
10、kwell Hardness “C” scale.3.2.3 WSDWear Scar Diameter4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The fluid under test is placed in a test reservoir in whichatmospheric air is maintained at 10 % relative humidity. Anon-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck andforced against the outside diameter o
11、f an axially mountedcylindrical steel ring with an applied load. The test ring isrotated at a fixed speed while being partially immersed in thefluid reservoir. This maintains the ring in a wet condition andcontinuously transports the test fluid to the ball/ring interface.The wear scar generated on t
12、he test ball is a measure of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally
13、 approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 500106.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.5
15、Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
16、this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.lubricating property of the fluid. For wear scar diameter (WSD)calibration and standardization, see Section 10.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wear due to excessive friction res
17、ulting in shortened lifeof engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls hassometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel systemcomponent distress due to wear has been demonstrated forsome fuel/hardware combinations wh
18、ere boundary lubricationis a factor in the operation of the component.5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricityevaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of thefluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water inthe atmosphere, and the temperature of the test.
19、 Lubricitymeasurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquiredduring sampling and storage. Containers specified in PracticeD 4306 shall be used.5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect oper-ating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuelsthat contain a high content of ce
20、rtain sulfur compounds cangive anomalous test results.6. Apparatus6.1 For details of the Ball-On-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE), apparatus required for each method see: Annex A1for the semi-automatic method, Annex A2 for the fully auto-matic method.6.2 Microscope, capable of 1003 magnification
21、and suit-able of measuring the wear scar on the ball to the nearest 0.01mm.6.2.1 Method of Measuring the Wear ScarThis may beeither a Glass Slide Micrometer, with a scale ruled in 0.01 mmdivisions,7,8or a digital micrometer and slide assembly, havinga resolution of at least 0.01 mm.7,96.3 Cleaning B
22、athUltrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith a capacity of 1.9 L and a cleaning power of 40W.6.4 The test requirements are listed in Table 1.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Ring,ofSAE 8720 steel, having a Rockwell hard-ness “C” scale, (HRC) number of 58 to 62 and a surface finishof 0.56 to 0.71
23、 m root mean square.7,10The dimensions aregiven in Fig. 1.7.2 Test Ball, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm, Grade 5 to 10EP finish.7,11The balls are described in ANSI SpecificationsB3.12. The extra-polish finish is not described in that specifi-
24、cation. The HRC shall be 64 to 66, a closer limit than is foundin the ANSI requirement.7.3 Additional EquipmentDetails of additional items oftest equipment specific to each test method are given in theappropriate annex.7.4 Compressed Air (WarningCompressed gas underhigh pressure. Use with extreme ca
25、ution in the presence ofcombustible material, since the autoignition temperatures ofmost organic compounds in air are drastically reduced atelevated pressures. See A3.1.), containing less than 0.1 ppmhydrocarbons and 50 ppm water.7.5 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,capable of st
26、oring test rings, balls, and hardware.7.6 Gloves, clean, lint-free, cotton, disposable.7.7 Wiper, wiping tissue, light duty, lint free, hydrocarbonfree, disposable.7.8 Isooctane (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmfulif inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fires. See A3.2.), conform-ing to American Chemical
27、 Society (ACS) Reagent/GeneralPurpose Reagent (GPR) grade standards, 95 % purity mini-mum, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol (WarningFlammable. See A3.3.),conforming to ACS Reagent/GPR grade standards.7.10 Acetone (WarningExtremely flammable. Vaporsmay cause flash fire. See A3.4.), confor
28、ming to ACS Reagent/GPR grade standards.7.11 Reference Fluids:7.11.1 Fluid AA mixture shall contain 30 mg/kg of aspecific fuel soluble corrosion inhibitor/lubricity improverconforming to MIL-I-250177,12(WarningFlammable. Vaporharmful. See A3.5.), in fluid B7,13(WarningFlammable.Vapor harmful. See A3
29、.5.).7.11.2 Fluid BShall be a narrow-cut isoparaffinic solvent.(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful. See A3.5.)7,137If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsi
30、ble technical committee,1which you may attend.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Catalog No. 31-16-99 from Bausch and Lomb, Inc., Bausch BOCLE; boundary lubrication;jet fuel; lubricity; wear; wear scarDateASTM DS001 test ref numberRing batch ref numberB
31、all batch ref numberTrack numberOperatorFuel descriptionFuel referenceWear scar major axis (mm)Wear scar minor axis (mm)Wear scar average (mm)ObservationsFIG. 3 Data SheetD5001086FIG. 4 Test PrecisionD5001087ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. SEMI-AUTOMATIC METHODA1.1 ApparatusA1.1.1 The semi-automat
32、ic apparatus shown in Fig.A1.1.7,16A1.1.2 Mandrel, a 10 tapered short cylindrical section usedfor holding test ring. See Fig. A1.2.A1.2 ProcedureA1.2.1 Leveling of Load Arm:A1.2.1.1 The level of the load arm shall be inspected priorto every test. Level the motor platform by use of the circularbubble
33、 level and adjustable stainless steel legs.A1.2.1.2 Install a test ball in the retaining nut as describedin A1.2.5.A1.2.1.3 Lower load arm by disengaging blue pull pin.Attach 500 g weight to end of load beam. Lower ball onto ringmanually or by use of arm actuator switch.A1.2.1.4 Check level on top o
34、f load arm. The indicatorbubble shall be centered in the middle of the two lines. Ifrequired, adjust the retaining nut screw to achieve a level loadarm.A1.2.2 Assembly of Cylinder:A1.2.2.1 Place a clean test ring on the mandrel and bolt theback plate to the mandrel as shown in Fig. A1.2.A1.2.3 Insta
35、llation of Cleaned Test Cylinder:A1.2.3.1 The greatest care shall be taken to adhere strictlyto cleanliness requirements and to the specified cleaningprocedures. During handling and installation procedures, pro-tect cleaned test parts (cylinder, balls, reservoir, and reservoircover) from contaminati
36、on by wearing clean cotton gloves.A1.2.3.2 Rinse shaft with isooctane and wipe with dispos-able wiper.A1.2.3.3 Push the shaft through the left hand bearing andsupport bracket.A1.2.3.4 Hold the cylinder with the set screw hub facingleft. Push the shaft through the cylinder bore, through the righthand
37、 bearing support bracket, and into the coupling as far asthe shaft will go.A1.2.3.5 Align the coupling set screw with the flat keywayside of the cylinder shaft. Tighten set screw.A1.2.3.6 Set micrometer at 0.5 mm and slide cylinder to theleft until it is firm against micrometer probe. Ensure thatcyl
38、inder set screw is directed toward the keyway (flat surfaceof shaft) and tighten set screw.A1.2.3.7 Back micrometer probe away from cylinder beforedrive motor is engaged.A1.2.4 Record on the data sheet (Fig. 3) the ring number, ifassigned, and the position of the test cylinder as indicated bythe mic
39、rometer. The first and last wear tracks on a ring shall beapproximately 1 mm in from either side.A1.2.4.1 For subsequent tests, reset cylinder to a new testposition with the micrometer. The new position is to be 0.75mm from the last wear track on the ring and noted on the datasheet. After tightening
40、 the cylinder set screw to lock thecylinder in a new test position, the micrometer probe should bebacked off, then advanced to the cylinder again. Checkmicrometer reading to ensure correct track spacing. Readjustposition, if required. When the correct ring position is ensured,back the micrometer pro
41、be away from the cylinder.A1.2.5 Install a clean test ball by first placing the ball in theretaining nut, followed by the blue retaining ring. Screwretaining nut onto the threaded chuck located on the load armand hand tighten.A1.2.6 Secure the load beam in the UP position by insertionof the blue pin
42、.A1.2.7 Install the clean reservoir. Install the blue spacingplatform by raising the reservoir. Slide blue spacer platforminto position under the reservoir. Place thermocouple in thehole provided at the rear left side of the reservoir.A1.2.8 Check load beam level. Adjust, if necessary.A1.2.9 Supply
43、test fluid in accordance with PracticeD 4306. Transfer 50 6 1 mL of the test fluid to the reservoir.Place cleaned reservoir cover in position and attach the14 and18-in. air lines to reservoir cover.A1.2.10 Move power switch to ON position.A1.2.11 Turn on compressed air cylinder. Adjust the deliv-ery
44、 pressure to 210 to 350 kPa and the console air pressure toapproximately 100 kPa.A1.2.12 Place arm lift actuator switch in the UP position.A1.2.13 Lower load beam by pulling blue pull pin. Hang a500 g weight on end of load beam to give an applied load of1000 g.A1.2.14 Start rotation of cylinder by s
45、witching motor driveto ON. Set rotation to 240 6 1 r/min.A1.2.15 Using the flow meters that control the wet and dryair flows, adjust conditioned air flow to read 3.8 L/min.Maintain 10.0 6 0.2 % relative humidity.A1.2.16 Adjust reservoir temperature as required until tem-perature stabilizes at 25 6 1
46、C. Adjust thermostat of the heatexchanger circulating bath to obtain the required temperature.A1.2.17 Set fuel aeration timer for 15 min and adjust fuelaeration flowmeter to 0.5 L/min.A1.2.18 At completion of aeration, the whistle will soundand aeration will cease. Continue 3.8 L/min flow through th
47、ereservoir. Move arm lift actuator switch to DOWN position. Inapproximately 8 s the load arm will be lowered and the ballwill gently make contact with the ring. Switch timer ON for 30min.16The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis BOC 100 BOCLE units, InterAv,
48、Inc., P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio, TX 78279.Other units built to the drawings available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken, PA, meeting the test requirements of Table 1 in accordancewith the procedure of 32 of Guidelines for Equipment Supply, Listing, andReplacement in ASTM Committe
49、e D02 methods and practices are consideredacceptable. These units can have different operating procedures.D5001088NOTE A1.1The rate at which the load arm lowers is controlled by thearm lift actuator valve on the left side of the cabinet. This valve controlsthe bleed from the pneumatic arm lift actuator cylinder.A1.2.19 Check all test condition readouts and adjust asnecessary. Record all necessary information on data sheet.A1.2.20 At the end of the 30 min, the whistle will sound andthe test load arm will automatically spring up. Turn timer toOFF and move
