1、Designation: D5001 10 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by theBall-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5001; the number immediately following the designati
2、on indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
3、cies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspectsof the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuelson rubbing steel surfaces.1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, oneusing a semi-automated instrument and the second a
4、 fullyautomated instrument. Either of the two instruments may beused to carry out the test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated
5、with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected
6、 by Trace ContaminationD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvementof Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods thatPurport to Measure the Same Property of a Material2.2 Military Specification:3MIL-I-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, FuelSoluble2.3 American Iron and Steel
7、 Institute Standard:4AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel2.4 ISO Standard:5ISO 3290-1:2008 Rolling bearings - Balls - Part 1: Steelballs2.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:6SAE 8720 Steel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricityqualitative term describing the ability of afluid to minimize
8、friction between, and damage to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the lubricity of afluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, in millimeters,produced on a loaded stationary ball from contact with afluid-wetted rotating cylindrical test ring operating under
9、closely defined and controlled conditions.3.1.2 wear scarin the liquid fuels industry, average diam-eter of a worn and abraded area, measured in two specifieddirections, produced on a test ball under defined conditions.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe wear scar generated by TestMethod D5001 is often referred t
10、o as the BOCLE wear scar.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 BOCLEBall On Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator3.2.2 HRCRockwell Hardness “C” scale.3.2.3 WSDWear Scar Diameter4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The fluid under test is placed in a test reservoir in whichatmospheric air is maintained at 10 % relative humidity. A
11、non-rotating steel ball is held in a vertically mounted chuck andforced against the outside diameter of an axially mounted1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.04 on
12、Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5001 10. DOI:10.1520/D5001-10R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se
13、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.4Av
14、ailable from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.6Ava
15、ilable from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1cylindrical steel ring with an applied load. The test ring isrotated
16、at a fixed speed while being partially immersed in thefluid reservoir. This maintains the ring in a wet condition andcontinuously transports the test fluid to the ball/ring interface.The wear scar generated on the test ball is a measure of thelubricating property of the fluid. For wear scar diameter
17、 (WSD)calibration and standardization, see Section 10.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened lifeof engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls hassometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.5.2 The relationship of test result
18、s to aviation fuel systemcomponent distress due to wear has been demonstrated forsome fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubricationis a factor in the operation of the component.5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricityevaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination o
19、f thefluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water inthe atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricitymeasurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquiredduring sampling and storage. Containers specified in PracticeD4306 shall be used.5.4 The BOCLE test method may not d
20、irectly reflect oper-ating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuelsthat contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds cangive anomalous test results.6. Apparatus6.1 For details of the Ball-On-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE), apparatus required for each method see: Annex A1for
21、the semi-automatic method, Annex A2 for the fullyautomatic method.6.2 Microscope, capable of 100 magnification and suitableof measuring the wear scar on the ball to the nearest 0.01 mm.6.2.1 Method of Measuring the Wear ScarThis may beeither a Glass Slide Micrometer, with a scale ruled in 0.01 mmdiv
22、isions,7,8or a digital micrometer and slide assembly, havinga resolution of at least 0.01 mm.7,96.3 Cleaning BathUltrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith a capacity of 1.9 L and a cleaning power of 40W.6.4 The test requirements are listed in Table 1.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Ring, of SAE
23、 8720 steel, having a Rockwellhardness “C” scale, (HRC) number of 58 to 62 and a surfacefinish of 0.56 to 0.71 m root mean square.7,10The dimensionsare given in Fig. 1.7.2 Test Balls, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm, Grade 5 to 10.The balls ar
24、e described in ISO 3290-1:2008. The HRC shall be64 to 66, a closer limit than is found in the ISO requirement.7.3 Additional EquipmentDetails of additional items oftest equipment specific to each test method are given in theappropriate annex.7.4 Compressed Air (WarningCompressed gas underhigh pressu
25、re. Use with extreme caution in the presence ofcombustible material, since the autoignition temperatures ofmost organic compounds in air are drastically reduced atelevated pressures. See A3.1.), containing less than 0.1 ppmhydrocarbons and 50 ppm water.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, ple
26、ase provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Catalog No. 31-16-99 from Baus
27、ch and Lomb, Inc., Bausch BOCLE; boundary lubrication;jet fuel; lubricity; wear; wear scarDateASTM DS001 test ref numberRing batch ref numberBall batch ref numberTrack numberOperatorFuel descriptionFuel referenceWear scar major axis (mm)Wear scar minor axis (mm)Wear scar average (mm)ObservationsFIG.
28、 3 Data SheetD5001 10 (2014)6FIG. 4 Test PrecisionD5001 10 (2014)7ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. SEMI-AUTOMATIC METHODA1.1 ApparatusA1.1.1 The semi-automatic apparatus shown in Fig.A1.1.7,15A1.1.2 Mandrel, a 10 tapered short cylindrical section usedfor holding test ring. See Fig. A1.2.A1.2 Proced
29、ureA1.2.1 Leveling of Load Arm:A1.2.1.1 The level of the load arm shall be inspected priorto every test. Level the motor platform by use of the circularbubble level and adjustable stainless steel legs.A1.2.1.2 Install a test ball in the retaining nut as describedin A1.2.5.A1.2.1.3 Lower load arm by
30、disengaging blue pull pin.Attach 500 g weight to end of load beam. Lower ball onto ringmanually or by use of arm actuator switch.A1.2.1.4 Check level on top of load arm. The indicatorbubble shall be centered in the middle of the two lines. Ifrequired, adjust the retaining nut screw to achieve a leve
31、l loadarm.A1.2.2 Assembly of Cylinder:A1.2.2.1 Place a clean test ring on the mandrel and bolt theback plate to the mandrel as shown in Fig. A1.2.A1.2.3 Installation of Cleaned Test Cylinder:A1.2.3.1 The greatest care shall be taken to adhere strictlyto cleanliness requirements and to the specified
32、cleaningprocedures. During handling and installation procedures, pro-tect cleaned test parts (cylinder, balls, reservoir, and reservoircover) from contamination by wearing clean cotton gloves.A1.2.3.2 Rinse shaft with isooctane and wipe with dispos-able wiper.A1.2.3.3 Push the shaft through the left
33、 hand bearing andsupport bracket.A1.2.3.4 Hold the cylinder with the set screw hub facingleft. Push the shaft through the cylinder bore, through the righthand bearing support bracket, and into the coupling as far asthe shaft will go.A1.2.3.5 Align the coupling set screw with the flat keywayside of t
34、he cylinder shaft. Tighten set screw.A1.2.3.6 Set micrometer at 0.5 mm and slide cylinder to theleft until it is firm against micrometer probe. Ensure thatcylinder set screw is directed toward the keyway (flat surfaceof shaft) and tighten set screw.A1.2.3.7 Back micrometer probe away from cylinder b
35、eforedrive motor is engaged.A1.2.4 Record on the data sheet (Fig. 3) the ring number, ifassigned, and the position of the test cylinder as indicated bythe micrometer. The first and last wear tracks on a ring shall beapproximately 1 mm in from either side.A1.2.4.1 For subsequent tests, reset cylinder
36、 to a new testposition with the micrometer. The new position is to be 0.75mm from the last wear track on the ring and noted on the datasheet. After tightening the cylinder set screw to lock thecylinder in a new test position, the micrometer probe should bebacked off, then advanced to the cylinder ag
37、ain. Checkmicrometer reading to ensure correct track spacing. Readjustposition, if required. When the correct ring position is ensured,back the micrometer probe away from the cylinder.A1.2.5 Install a clean test ball by first placing the ball in theretaining nut, followed by the blue retaining ring.
38、 Screwretaining nut onto the threaded chuck located on the load armand hand tighten.A1.2.6 Secure the load beam in the UP position by insertionof the blue pin.A1.2.7 Install the clean reservoir. Install the blue spacingplatform by raising the reservoir. Slide blue spacer platforminto position under
39、the reservoir. Place thermocouple in thehole provided at the rear left side of the reservoir.A1.2.8 Check load beam level. Adjust, if necessary.A1.2.9 Supply test fluid in accordance with Practice D4306.Transfer 50 6 1 mL of the test fluid to the reservoir. Placecleaned reservoir cover in position a
40、nd attach the14 and18-in.air lines to reservoir cover.A1.2.10 Move power switch to ON position.A1.2.11 Turn on compressed air cylinder. Adjust the deliv-ery pressure to 210 to 350 kPa and the console air pressure toapproximately 100 kPa.A1.2.12 Place arm lift actuator switch in the UP position.A1.2.
41、13 Lower load beam by pulling blue pull pin. Hang a500 g weight on end of load beam to give an applied load of1000 g.A1.2.14 Start rotation of cylinder by switching motor driveto ON. Set rotation to 240 6 1 r/min.A1.2.15 Using the flow meters that control the wet and dryair flows, adjust conditioned
42、 air flow to read 3.8 L/min.Maintain 10.0 6 0.2 % relative humidity.A1.2.16 Adjust reservoir temperature as required until tem-perature stabilizes at 25 6 1C. Adjust thermostat of the heatexchanger circulating bath to obtain the required temperature.A1.2.17 Set fuel aeration timer for 15 min and adj
43、ust fuelaeration flowmeter to 0.5 L/min.15The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis BOC 100 BOCLE units, InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279.Other units built to the drawings available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken, PA, mee
44、ting the test requirements of Table 1 in accordancewith the procedure of 32 of Guidelines for Equipment Supply, Listing, andReplacement in ASTM Committee D02 methods and practices are consideredacceptable. These units can have different operating procedures.D5001 10 (2014)8A1.2.18 At completion of a
45、eration, the whistle will soundand aeration will cease. Continue 3.8 L/min flow through thereservoir. Move arm lift actuator switch to DOWN position. Inapproximately 8 s the load arm will be lowered and the ballwill gently make contact with the ring. Switch timer ON for 30min.NOTE A1.1The rate at wh
46、ich the load arm lowers is controlled by thearm lift actuator valve on the left side of the cabinet. This valve controlsthe bleed from the pneumatic arm lift actuator cylinder.A1.2.19 Check all test condition readouts and adjust asnecessary. Record all necessary information on data sheet.A1.2.20 At
47、the end of the 30 min, the whistle will sound andthe test load arm will automatically spring up. Turn timer toOFF and move arm lift actuator switch to UP position.A1.2.21 Manually remove test weight. Lift test load arm upand secure with blue pull pin.A1.2.22 Remove reservoir cover and wipe revolving
48、 ringwith a disposable wiper to remove residue from the test ring.Turn motor drive and power switch to OFF.A1.2.23 Remove test ball from locking nut. Do not removeball from blue retaining ring. Wipe ball clean with disposablewiper prior to microscopic examination.FIG. A1.1 Semi-Automatic Ball-on-Cyl
49、inder Lubricity EvaluatorD5001 10 (2014)9A2. FULLY AUTOMATIC METHODA2.1 ApparatusA2.1.1 The fully automatic apparatus is shown in Fig.A2.1.7,16A2.2 ProcedureA2.2.1 Turn on instrumentwait for the self test to com-plete.A2.2.2 Rinse shaft with isooctane and wipe with disposablewiper.A2.2.3 The axial position of the test ring is set by anumbered spacer. Only one spacer should be positioned on themain shaft at any time. When starting with a new test ring thiswill be spacer number 1. Each subsequent test on that ring usesthe next spacer in sequence until al
