1、Designation: D5009 02 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forEvaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of SprayApplied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparisonof the transfer
3、efficiency of spray-applied coatings undercontrolled laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellentintralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision ispoorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow inthe spray booth, the rate at which the paint i
4、s delivered to thepart, and other variables suggested in the test method.1.3 Limitations:1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the directionof the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. Themagnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plantexperience.NOTE 1This laborator
5、y procedure requires specific equipment andprocedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type ofequipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being preparedas Procedure B.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthe
6、ses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
7、prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented Coatings2.
8、2 National Fire Protection Association Documents3NFPA33 SprayApplication Using Flammable and Combus-tible MaterialsNFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conveyor speed, nthe speed of the conveyor incentimeters per minute during
9、the test.3.1.2 fluid mass flow rate, nthe mass flow rate of paint ingrams per minute during the test.3.1.3 mass of foil, nthe weight of each target foil in gramsbefore being painted.3.1.4 mass of foil plus paint solids, nthe weight of eachtarget foil in grams after being painted and baked.3.1.5 mass
10、 of paint solids, nthe difference in the mass ofthe foils before painting and the mass of the foils after paintingand baking. This is the sum of the mass of the foil plus paintsolids less the sum of the mass of the foil.3.1.6 transfer effciency, nthe ratio of the mass of thepaint solids deposited on
11、 the foil to the mass of the paint solidssprayed during the test expressed as a percent.3.1.7 weight percent solids, nthe solids content in percentof the total weight of a sample of the paint used during the test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Metal panels covered with preweighed aluminum foilare conv
12、eyed in a spraybooth past a fixed spraygun. The coatedfoils are then baked to remove volatile matter. The transferefficiency is calculated on a weight basis using the solidscontent and quantity of the paint sprayed and the amount ofsolids on the coated aluminum foil target.5. Significance and Use5.1
13、 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure canbe used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment andpaint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Application
14、s and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5009 02 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D5009-02R11.2For referenced ASTM s
15、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Qu
16、incy, MA 02269-9101.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, sprayapplication equipment, and types of coatings.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g for wei
17、ghtpercent solids determination.6.2 Platform Scale, accurate, or equivalent, to 60.01 g formass of foil, mass of foil plus paint, and mass flow rateinstrumentation calibration.6.3 Mass Flow Rate Meter, or mass flow rate determinationmethod, accurate to 62 % of the mass flow rate to be usedduring the
18、 test.6.4 Conveyor Timer or conveyor timing method, accurateto 61 % of the conveyor speed to be used during the test. Theequipment may consist of photoelectric cells or limit switchesused in conjunction with a digital timer or timing marks on theconveyor used in conjunction with a stopwatch. Take at
19、 leasttwo readings with a stopwatch and average the readings.6.5 Targets, consisting of a set of ten steel panels 15.2 cm (6in.) wide by 0.15875 cm (0.0625 in.) with 0.635-cm (0.25-in.)radius corners. A minimum panel length of 121.9 cm (48 in.)should be used. The length of the panel should be set so
20、 that aminimum of 30.4 cm (12 in.) above and below the spraypattern is achieved.6.5.1 It is essential to do this so that the entire height of thespray pattern is effectively captured.6.6 Aluminum Foil, medium temper or equivalent, 1.5 mil(0.0037 cm) thick.6.7 Back-Draw Water Wash Spray Booth, or equ
21、ivalent. Thebooth should be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) wide and capableof up to 0.61 m/s (120 ft/min) air velocity in the middle at theplane of the target. If a dry filter booth is used, filters should bechanged as necessary to maintain uniform air velocity.6.8 Adjustable Rate Overhead Conveyor Syste
22、m, capable ofhanging targets as specified, and capable of up to 0.20 m/s (40ft/min) or the maximum speed desired by the user.6.9 Forced Draft Curing Oven, of sufficient size for curingtargets, and capable of achieving and maintaining the curetemperatures specified by the paint supplier. All ovens sh
23、ouldconform to NFPA 86.6.10 Curing Rack.6.11 Stopwatch.6.12 Air Velocity Measurement Equipment.6.13 Humidity and Temperature Measurement Equipment.6.14 Compressed Air Supply.7. Hazards7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consultthe suppliers Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for themate
24、rials used.8. Procedure8.1 Set up the spray apparatus paint supply and the massflow measurement equipment in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions.8.1.1 In accordance with Chapter 9-11 of NFPA 33, allelectrically conductive objects in the spray area, except thoseobjects required by the pro
25、cess to be at high voltage, shall beadequately grounded.8.2 Agitate paint in a closed container at least 30 min beforeany paint samples are taken.8.3 Using an airtight container take a paint grab samplefrom the paint pot in accordance with Practice D3925.8.4 Determine and record the following from t
26、he paintsample:8.4.1 Viscosity determined in accordance with Test MethodD1200.8.4.2 Weight percent solids determined in accordance withTest Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test MethodD2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommended cureschedule.8.4.3 Resistivity for the samples bein
27、g applied electrostati-cally (An ASTM method is under development).8.5 Set up the conveyor speed measuring equipment.8.6 Cut the aluminum foil to dimensions of 38 cm (15 in.)by approximately 127 cm (50 in.) or 5 cm (2 in.) longer thanthe length of the target panel.8.7 Consecutively number each precu
28、t foil strip beforeweighing using a permanent marking pen.8.8 Weigh each test foil strip and record the uncoatedweight and the foil number.8.9 Attach the preweighed, labeled test foil to six targetsusing the technique shown in Fig. 1. Attach the unlabeled foilon four scavenger targets as shown in Fi
29、g. 1.8.10 Mount the foil covered targets in consecutive order asshown in Fig. 2, with the foil seam on each target facing awayfrom the spray gun.8.10.1 If electrostatic equipment is being used the resistanceshall be less than 1 by 106V between the target and the earthground in accordance with Chapte
30、r 9-8 of NFPA 33.FIG. 1 Foil Attachment TechniqueD5009 02 (2011)28.11 Adjust the following equipment operating parametersto the values desired for testing:8.11.1 Paint fluid pressure (kilopascals) at spray gun.8.11.2 Atomizing air pressure (kilopascals) at spray gun.8.11.3 Rotating atomizer head spe
31、ed (revolutions per min-ute) with and without paint fluid flow.8.11.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used.8.11.5 Ambient air temperature (degree Celsius).8.11.6 Paint fluid temperature (degree Celsius).8.11.7 Booth air velocity (feet per minute).8.11.8 Relative humidity
32、 (percent).8.11.9 Spray gun to target distance (centimeters).(WarningIf electrostatic equipment is being used, the gun-to-target distance shall be at least twice the sparking distance inaccordance with Chapter 9-7 of NFPA 33.)8.11.10 Conveyor speed (centimetres per second).8.11.11 Fluid mass flow ra
33、te (grams per minute).8.11.12 Set the cure time and temperature in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.8.12 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat-ing voltage and adjust it according to the manufacturersinstructions.8.13 Turn on the spray booth and conveyor. At least 15 sbef
34、ore the first scavenger target passes in front of the gun, turnon the paint spray equipment. Maintain uniform paint flowduring the test.8.13.1 If mass flow measurement is used, begin the flowmeasurement at the leading edge of the first scavenger targetand stop the mass flow measurement at the traili
35、ng edge of thelast scavenger target.8.13.2 If mass flow measurement equipment is not availableuse the following technique. Just before turning on the spraybooth and the conveyor, spray the gun into a preweighedcovered plastic container for a minimum of 30 s.(WarningIn addition to other precautions,
36、turn off all highvoltage to electrostatic spray guns to prevent personal injury.)8.13.3 Immediately weigh the container with paint, calcu-late the flow rate, and record the result. Just after turning off thespray booth and conveyor, repeat this procedure. Average thetwo results to obtain the average
37、 flow rate for the test.NOTE 2A gallon plastic bottle with the top cut off to conveniently fitaround the front of the gun is recommended to use with the aboveprocedure. A large plastic beaker covered with plastic wrap with a holepunched in the center of the plastic wrap works also.Turn off all air s
38、ources to the spray gun before using the aboveprocedure to prevent paint splattering out of the container.8.14 Record the following data:8.14.1 Application Equipment:8.14.1.1 Paint fluid pressure (kilopascals) at the spray gun,8.14.1.2 Atomizing air pressure (kilopascals) at the spraygun,8.14.1.3 Ro
39、tating atomizer head speed (revolutions perminute) with and without paint fluid flow, and8.14.1.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used.8.14.2 Spray Booth and Conveyor:8.14.2.1 Ambient temperature (degrees Celsius),8.14.2.2 Paint fluid temperature (degrees Celsius),8.14.2
40、.3 Booth air velocity (foot per minute),8.14.2.4 Relative humidity (percent),8.14.2.5 Spray gun to target distance (centimeters),8.14.2.6 Conveyor speed (centimeters per minute), and8.14.2.7 Fluid mass flow rate (grams per minute).8.15 After the paint flow and the conveyor are stopped,remove the pai
41、nted targets from the conveyor and ensure thatno paint is lost. Measure the wet film thickness to ensure thatthe proper amount of paint has been applied and record the wetfilm thickness.FIG. 2 Target Configuration for Transfer Efficiency DeterminationD5009 02 (2011)38.16 Securely hang the coated tar
42、gets on oven racks so allpainted surfaces are exposed for uniform drying. Insert theracks into the oven and bake at the recommended manufactur-ers cure schedule.8.17 Remove the targets from the oven and let cool.8.18 Remove the foil from each target, weigh and record thecoated weight, the foil numbe
43、r, the percent vertical filmcoverage, and the dry film thickness at the center of the spraypattern.8.19 The mass of the paint solids deposited is the differencein the total weight of the foils before painting and the totalweight of the foils after painting and baking.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the
44、transfer efficiency using the followingequation:T 5 100 3 C 3 P!/F 3 S 3 W!where:T = transfer efficiency,%C = conveyor speed, cm/min,P = mass of paint solids deposited, g,F = fluid delivery rate, g/min,S = weight percent solids expressed as a decimal, andW = effective target width, 30.48 cm.10. Repo
45、rt10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Transfer efficiency results,10.1.2 Type of spray equipment,10.1.3 Type of paint applied,10.1.4 Paint application conditions, and10.1.5 Conditions of test other than those specified in theprocedure section of this test method.11. Precision and Bias11.1 T
46、his test method is derived from a study and report oftransfer efficiency measurements conducted for the U. S.Environmental Protection Agency.4The procedure describedwas subjected to round-robin evaluation following ASTMguidelines. The procedure was used at eight laboratories andresults were obtained
47、 using conventional airless, electrostaticair spray, and conventional air spray equipment. Statisticaltreatment of the results for the test sites and spray equipmenttype (gun) yields the following transfer efficiency results:Type of Gun Variance Standard DeviationConventional airless:Within laborato
48、ry 1.22 1.10Between laboratory 26.41 .Gun 6.22 .Total 33.85 5.82Electrostatic Air Spray:Within laboratory 3.63 1.91Between laboratory 72.02Gun 13.01Total 88.66 9.42Conventional Air Spray:Within laboratory 2.30 1.50Between laboratory 42.90Gun 0.88Total 46.08 6.7911.2 No information can be presented o
49、n the bias of theprocedure in Test Method D5009 for measuring transferefficiency because no acceptable reference standard is avail-able.12. Keywords12.1 laboratory method; spray applied coatings; transferefficiencyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is su
